Exodus 22:31Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Why does it prohibit consuming the flesh of an animal that has been caught by another creature? This guidance urges the Israelites to lead more thoughtful lives and to refrain from anything that is savage, as wild animals do not bury their prey. Subsequently, it instructs them to care for their adversaries; if a man’s ox, who may be hostile towards them, goes astray, they should not ignore it but rather bring it back to the owner's home and assist a fallen donkey (Exodus 23:4-5). Through such acts of kindness, they are encouraged to pursue reconciliation. In this, it is made clear that there is one Lawgiver of both the Old and New Testaments; the one who delivered the Law of Moses also imparted the Law of the Gospel.

Treatise 17: Why does the law prohibit the consumption of meat that has been torn by beasts (Exodus 22:31)? This directive signifies that human existence must be distinct from bestial behavior, as the law suggests that those who are forbidden from sharing the same sustenance are markedly different in their conduct, mannerisms, aspirations, and actions. The beast seizes and devours without restraint and lacks understanding of the principles of humanity, community, and kindness; thus, it is vital for humans to embrace purity and freedom from such tendencies. Similarly, with respect to other desires, the beast is uncontrolled and lacking in moderation.

Refer to Leviticus 17:15 (also 10-12). This passage indicates that if someone consumes the flesh of a dead or torn animal, they must cleanse their garments and will remain unclean until the evening. This likely addresses a situation of necessity, such as when hunting or traveling in the wilderness where no other sustenance is available. However, the proper slaughtering of animals designated for consumption was generally accompanied by specific rituals (Lev. 17), particularly emphasizing the thorough draining of the animal's blood. This practice served to remind the Israelites that their sustenance was consecrated by their Sovereign Lord, helping to guard them against the moral corruption faced by the surrounding pagan nations. As a designated kingdom of priests, they were to maintain ceremonial purity until the arrival of the One who sought the worship of humanity directed towards the Lord. See also Deuteronomy 14:21 for further insight.