The Church Fathers on this verse

Ezekiel 2:5Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

If so be they at least will hear, and if so be they will forbear, for they are a provoking house: and they shall know that there hath been a prophet in the midst of them.

Douay-Rheims

וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ אִם־יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּ֔לוּ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵ֑מָּה וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י נָבִ֖יא הָיָ֥ה בְתוֹכָֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

In the same way, it is expressed in the book of Jeremiah that they will neither listen nor turn back (Jeremiah 26:3), and in the Gospel it is said that my son might face death (Matthew 21:37). God speaks in a state of uncertainty to illustrate that human will is free, and that due to His foreknowledge of what is to come, be it good or bad, He does not render unchangeable those things He knows. Despite His knowledge of the future, we are not compelled to act in accordance with what He foresees; rather, He, as the Almighty, knows in advance what we will choose to do freely.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The future is not hidden from Him who comprehends all things even before they come into existence. Thus, the blessed David addresses God, saying: "Thou hast known my sitting and my rising; Thou hast discerned my thoughts from afar; Thou hast searched my path and my journey, and hast seen all my ways. Behold, Lord, Thou hast known all the last and the ancient" (Psalm 136:1-5). Therefore, fully aware of their stubbornness, He remarks, "If only so," indicating the arbitrary nature of their desires and affirming their potential for transformation should they choose to change. This is echoed in the Gospel, where the Father states: "I will send My Son to the laborers, that they may eat what they may put Him to death" (Luke 20:13). This sustenance is not uncertain.

Read more (343 words)

The Father was aware that they would not execute Him, yet He acts in accordance with His truthfulness. To ensure that others do not attribute His foreknowledge as the reason for what transpires, He intentionally employs phrases that imply uncertainty, demonstrating the freedom of their will while affirming His own righteousness on the day of judgment. Hence, anticipating disobedience, He exhausts every possibility to guide them away from wrongdoing. This is why through the mouth of the prophet Isaiah, He proclaims, "What shall I yet do to this grape, and I will not do it?" (Isaiah 5:11). Likewise, through Hosea, He asks: "What shall I do to you, Ephraim? What will you do to Judah?" (Hosea 6:4). Despite knowing that they are hopelessly ill, He offers remedies, so that on the day of judgment the disobedient will receive their verdict without argument, as God’s graces are revealed to them. Thus, the blessed David also implores, "Therefore let Thou be justified in Thy words and prevail when Thou art judged" (Psalm 50:6), for our transgressions, when compared with God's grace towards us, justly expose us to punishment. Even the Righteous Judge confesses concerning the punished that He has extended every conceivable kindness and left no approach to goodness unarticulated. Consequently, when it is stated, "If they shall hear or fear," this does not imply God's ignorance but rather provides them an opportunity for repentance; since God, understanding the disobedience of Pharaoh (as He indicates, "I know that he will not let you go, unless it be with a strong hand" (Exodus 3:19) and with a mighty power (Exodus 6:1)), remains patient. Were the Lord to enact punishment based on His foreknowledge, how would those who do not witness the predicted events in reality comprehend the justice of God? Therefore, He awaits the conclusion and then delivers the punishment. Similarly, O Prophet, declare to your fellow countrymen what I am and what I proclaim; let it be known that you are a benefactor to them, a Prophet among them, and a minister of God's truths.

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Next, it is important to consider: But if they will listen or be afraid, for the situation is dire. Given that the Almighty God is aware of everything, one may wonder why it is stated, “For they shall hear or fear.” It is essential to recognize that any uncertainty in God's words does not stem from lack of knowledge but from another source. After all, who does not understand that He who created and perceives all things possesses complete understanding? The Gospel truth about the messengers of the Antichrist further asserts that they will perform great signs and marvels to lead astray, if possible, even the elect (Matthew 24:24). Why express doubt about this when the Lord already knows what is destined to happen?

Read more (614 words)

There must be two considerations: either if they are the elect, this cannot occur; or if it can occur, then they are not truly the elect. Yet it is phrased, “Howbeit, if it be possible, and the elect.” This uncertainty in the Lord's statement symbolizes the temptation faced by the hearts of the elect; for those chosen to persevere will encounter trials from the signs shown by the messengers of the Antichrist. Thus, saying, “If it be possible,” merely indicates that the elect will experience trials in their hearts. They may waver, but they will not yield. Therefore, it is declared, “If it be possible,” because they may fear, yet they remain called the elect because they will not fall. Consequently, the uncertainty in the Lord's discourse regarding the elect reflects the trembling of their souls. He designates them as elect because He foresees their unwavering commitment to faith and righteousness. This is also the essence of the phrase: “For if they will hear or fear,” for by indicating “if they will fear,” it reveals that of the vast multitude, few will pay attention. Thus, by questioning God’s message, what else is implied but the scarcity of listeners? It is noteworthy that after addressing the wickedness of their deceased forefathers, He who sent the Prophet to the children states, “If they will hear or fear.” What does it imply to propose, “as for them,” if not to signify that their forefathers, who died guilty, would not listen? Please reflect on what strength should be present in this perceived weakness of the Lord's words: “But if only they will hear.” This is directed specifically toward us who are beleaguered, besieged, confined, and stripped of the blessings we once had in this world. We witness cities in ruin, fortifications destroyed, fields ravaged, and churches compromised; and yet we persist in following the failings of our ancestors, refusing to alter the honor we have witnessed. They sinned, at least amid their joys; however, we, in a more grievous state, sin while under punishment. Behold the Almighty God, who judges wrongdoing, has already brought destruction upon our ancestors, having called them to account. And He patiently waits for our repentance, supporting us in our journey toward conversion. He who has already executed judgment upon them extends His great mercy toward us so that we may not perish alongside our forebears, proclaiming, “But if they shall hear or fear: for the house is a grievous one.” Each soul that, upon receiving faith, either remains in vice or returns to it is regarded as a house of affliction; for through sinful behavior, it expels the indwelling God that it received through faith. The house is indeed inhabited by its master. Therefore, if it is a house, why is it distressing? And if it is a distressing house, why does it seem uninhabited? It is a house because God chose to dwell in it through faith, yet it is a distressing house because He has departed from it due to its sinful ways, leaving it desolate where there once resided the heavenly Inhabitant. Furthermore, as we learn from the words of Truth, the unclean spirit returns with seven others and finds this house swept clean (Matthew 12:45), as it fills a soul alien to virtue. - Then follows: and they shall know that thou art a prophet in their midst. The wicked often recognize goodness, whether when they receive aid in achieving salvation or when they witness their own condemnation. Therefore, let them be aware that a Prophet is in their midst, so that from the sermon they hear, they may either be led to rebellion or face condemnation without excuse.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The individuals to whom the prophet is sent are described as having faces and hearts that are hard. This signifies their lack of shame, as nothing affects their expressions regardless of the guidance they receive; they are truly unyielding in spirit. The root of this shamelessness lies within their hearts, which are so calloused towards what is good that neither threats, promises, kindness, nor punishments can soften them. Nevertheless, the patient Lord, who wills that none should perish, does not abandon them and instructs the prophet to reach out to them for their enlightenment. The prophet must convey this message not in his own authority, but as an emissary of God, prompted by the Lord Himself.

Read more (272 words)

He is to speak to them with the declaration, ‘Thus saith the Lord Adonai.’ The term Adonai in Hebrew translates as ‘my Lord,’ emphasizing the prophet's total reliance on the Lord as His servant.

The Lord is aware of the challenges faced by the prophet as he is tasked with rebuking and advising the wicked. Despite the difficulties in achieving success, the prophet is expected to fulfill the command. There remains hope that those who are corrected and counseled may listen intently to the prophetic messages or be moved by fear—although expecting this from the people of Israel may be challenging. They could come to recognize the prophet's role among them, perceiving the authenticity of his calling and the authority of his words. The all-knowing Lord certainly understands whether or not the prophet will be heeded; thus, one might wonder why He speaks in a way that seems tentative rather than assertive, using language that implies uncertainty. Blessed Theodoret offers this explanation: to prevent anyone from interpreting His foreknowledge as a direct cause of events, God employs phrases that denote doubt, thereby illustrating human free will and safeguarding His righteousness on the day of judgment. Thus, foresight of disobedience leads Him to employ every measure to deter their transgressions. Therefore, when it is spoken that they may hear or fear, it signals not God’s ignorance but rather a call to repentance; after all, God, who is aware of Pharaoh's refusal, as indicated by His statement, ‘I know that Pharaoh will not let you go, except by a strong hand and a high muscle’ (Exod. III: 19; VI: 1), continued to exercise patience.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.