The Church Fathers on this verse

Ezekiel 4:15Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And he said to me: Behold I have given thee neat's dung for man's dung, and thou shalt make thy bread therewith.

Douay-Rheims

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י רְאֵ֗ה נָתַ֤תִּֽי לְךָ֙ אֶת־צפועי צְפִיעֵ֣י הַבָּקָ֔ר תַּ֖חַת גֶּלְלֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

You will partake of the unleavened barley; in the garments consumed by moths, you shall conceal me from their sight. You will lie on your side for forty days. Look, I am giving you moths instead of the moths of men, for the parents will consume their offspring among you (Ezekiel 5:10). Through this instruction to the prophet, God reveals to the Jews that just as the prophet consumed unleavened bread cooked over fire with moths of men, and in the unleavened bread returned to himself what he had cast away, so too, the Jews would partake of what had originated from them, namely the children they brought forth.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

And the Lord said, "Thus shall the children of Israel consume their impure bread among the nations to which I will send them." I responded, "Ah, Lord God, my soul has not been made unclean; I have not eaten anything that is dead or torn from a beast since my youth until now, nor has any unclean food entered my mouth." He replied, "Behold, I have provided you with cow dung instead of human waste, and with it, you shall prepare your bread." Throughout the Scriptures, we find that prophets, as noted in Zechariah (Zech. 3), are distinguished men whose actions predict the future. God states, "In the hands of prophets, I have been made like (Hos.

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12:10)." Thus, just as Ezekiel consumed bread made with dung, so too will the children of Israel, or the entirety of the Jewish nation, or as some believe, the ten tribes, eat or have eaten impure bread among the nations. However, this warning pertains not to those already in exile but to those who are destined to be sent away from the promised land. When the prophet learned of this, he, according to Akilah, protested three times: "Ah, ah, ah." Symmachus and the Seventy rendered his response as "μηδαμῶς," meaning "by no means." Theodotion translated it as "Oh Lord God." It is not to be assumed that he contradicted the Lord’s command; rather, he presented reasons for his inability to comply or sought an exemption. Consequently, he received what he requested, and the strict directive was softened by a more compassionate approach. The question arises as to why Ezekiel turned away from this easier task, while Hosea engaged with the harlot without protest, not claiming that his body was pure so as to avoid defilement by mingling with her, as the Apostle states, "The two shall become one flesh" (1 Cor. 6:16). This further illustrates that he serves as a representation of the synagogue, or of the Church, which is not to be understood in a literal sense, as elaborated in the interpretation of this prophet.

Dead meat refers to that which loses life without the shedding of blood, and that which has been torn by beasts is described in Greek as θηριάλωτον. The allowance of cow dung instead of human waste symbolizes relief from calamities; even though baking bread with cow dung is commanded, the defilement of human excrement is thus avoided. To this day, the Jewish people adhere to the practice of not consuming bread prepared with human waste. They do not worship idols nor honor various vile demons, but instead prepare their bread on cow dung, acting in accordance with earthly desires and the needs of the flesh, as stated: "He who lives by these shall live in them" (Lev. 18:5). In contrast, we reject earthly pleasures, viewing food contaminated by human waste as worthless, and instead partake of the bread that comes down from heaven (John 6), nourished by the sustenance of which the Psalmist declares, "The bread of angels is given to mankind" (Psalm 77:25), sustaining life not with earthly delights, but with the heavenly manna.