Ezra 4:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

This account is widely recognized: the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin were the Samaritans, whom the Assyrian king had assembled from various nations and dispersed throughout their regions during the exile of the ten tribes. Although they acknowledged God's law and adhered to it in part, they simultaneously venerated their idols. Thus, in their fear of the genuine servants of God, they pledged to aid in the reconstruction of the temple, hoping that by being accepted into their community, they could lead them astray. It is apparent to all that these individuals symbolize false brethren, namely heretics and non-believers.

The Samaritans held deep animosity towards the Jews, particularly following the Jews' refusal to accept their invitation to join in the construction of the temple. The Jews viewed the Samaritans as unfaithful believers. The endeavor to construct the temple faced significant challenges, primarily due to opposition from the Samaritans. The Jews were determined to maintain the sanctity and purity of their worship, excluding any elements deemed impure or pagan from the temple's establishment.