The Church Fathers on this verse

Genesis 37:36Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The Madianites sold Joseph in Egypt to Putiphar, an eunuch of Pharao, captain of the soldiers.

Douay-Rheims

וְהַ֨מְּדָנִ֔ים מָכְר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפֽוֹטִיפַר֙ סְרִ֣יס פַּרְעֹ֔ה שַׂ֖ר הַטַּבָּחִֽים׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The merchants of Midian serve as instruments of God's divine plan, selling Joseph to Pentephrius, the chief master of Pharaoh. Observe how Joseph steadily progresses, demonstrating his goodness and patience, akin to a valiant warrior who strives honorably, ultimately deserving to be crowned as king. The realization of his dreams ultimately exposes those who betrayed him, revealing that their treachery afforded them no advantage. This illustrates the might of virtue, which, even in the face of persecution, leads to greater honor. Indeed, there is nothing more formidable than virtue, not because of an inherent power, but due to the elevated support granted to those who embrace it.

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With this divine assistance, one becomes stronger than all adversities; they stand invincible against not only human accusations but also the schemes of evil spirits.

Recognizing this truth, we should focus not on evading righteous suffering but rather on refraining from wrongful actions. Malicious deeds constitute the true suffering. A person who aims to harm another does not truly inflict damage upon them; any harm is only momentary and worldly, ultimately leading to one's own experiences of everlasting punishment and unbearable anguish. The only means to escape this fate is by preparing ourselves to endure unjust treatment and, as taught by the Lord, to pray for those who act against us. This practice will yield a magnificent reward, making us worthy of the eternal kingdom of heaven, which may we all obtain through the grace and compassion of our Lord Jesus Christ; to Him, together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be glory, power, and honor, now and forever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The arrival of Joseph in Egypt symbolizes the arrival of our Redeemer to the world. As the merchants continued their journey, they passed by the site of the hippodrome, where the grave of Rachel is located; it was there that Rachel perished while Jacob was returning from Mesopotamia (Genesis 35:19). Upon seeing the tomb of his mother Rachel, Joseph fell upon it, lifting his voice in lamentation, weeping fervently, and cried out in the anguish of his spirit, saying: "Rachel, Rachel, my mother, arise from the dust, and look at Joseph, whom you cherished. What has become of him? Behold, betrayed like a wicked man, he has been taken captive into Egypt by unfamiliar hands. My brothers deprived me of my garments and sold me into slavery, yet Jacob remains unaware of my fate.

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Mother, open your grave to me and welcome me into your tomb; let this resting place serve as one bed for us both. Receive, O Rachel, your child, that he may not meet a violent end; accept me, O mother, who has lost Jacob as suddenly as I lost you in my childhood. Hear my heart's lament, and take me into your grave; for my eyes can no longer shed tears, nor can my soul bear to weep. Rachel, Rachel, do you not hear your son Joseph's cries? They are dragging me away against my will; will you not take me in? I called out to Jacob, but he did not heed my voice; now I call upon you, do you not hear me? When the Ishmaelites who had captured Joseph saw him prostrate before Rachel’s tomb, they spoke among themselves, saying: "This young man seeks to enchant us, striving to disappear from our view. Therefore, let us restrain him, lest he evade us completely." Approaching him, they threatened, "At last, rise up and cease this sorcery, or we shall strike you upon the tomb, and we will lose the money we paid for you." When he did rise, all beheld the traces of deep sorrow etched upon his face, prompting them to ask condescendingly, "What troubles you so deeply, since you have only just encountered this grave on your journey through the hippodrome? Speak plainly to us; set aside your fear: what is your trade, and for what price have you been sold? Those shepherds who turned you over to us cautioned us to keep you from escaping; we are not accountable for this, as they warned us beforehand. Therefore, tell us in detail, to whom do you belong? Are you a servant of those shepherds, or of some other free man? And explain to us, why have you collapsed upon the grave with such fervor? We have purchased you, and you are now our responsibility; reveal to us your story. If you withhold it from us, to whom can you share it? You are our servant, and do you believe, as the shepherds informed us, that you could flee from us the moment we release our watch over you? But regain your composure, and be straightforward with us: what is it that you do? You strike us as one of noble birth; we will regard you not merely as a slave, but as a brother and cherished son. For we see in your demeanor much independence and wisdom. Indeed, young man, you are worthy to stand before kings and be honored among the nobles; for your beauty will soon elevate you to great honor and power, and you will be our friend and companion wherever we take you, that you may dwell in joy. For who could fail to love such a splendid young man, so graceful in appearance, noble, and wise?" Sighing, Joseph responded, "I am neither a servant nor a sorcerer, nor was I sold to you due to any misdeeds; rather, I was my father’s favored son, and my mother’s beloved child. Those same shepherds are my brothers; my father sent me to inquire about their well-being, for he cherished them dearly, having delayed their return from the mountains for some time. Instead, they seized me out of jealousy, selling me to you and tearing me away from my father, unable to endure the love he bore me. This coffin here is that of my mother; my father passed this way on his return from Harran, and during the journey, my mother died and was laid to rest in this burial site you see." Upon hearing this, they wept for him and said, "Do not fear, young man; for you are destined for great honor in Egypt; your features reveal your noble heritage. Rather, rejoice that you have been liberated from the envy and malice of the brothers who betrayed you."

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

The Scriptures frequently refer to archimagiros, meaning chief cooks, indicating leaders in the military, since the Greek term μαγειρεύειν translates to ‘to kill.’ Consequently, Joseph was sold to a military leader, specifically the eunuch Potiphar, rather than to Petephrius as indicated by the Latin translation. This raises the query of how it is noted that Potiphar had a wife. Jewish tradition suggests that Potiphar purchased Joseph due to his exceptional beauty to fulfill his immoral desires. However, the Lord caused Potiphar to become impotent. Eventually, he was appointed by the high priests to serve as the high priest in Eliopolis, and his daughter Aseneth later became Joseph's wife.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

This passage highlights the moral insight that our Lord desires the salvation of all people (1 Tim. 2:4). He offered encouragement to those who are oppressed through the example of Joseph, teaching them that one can uphold a noble spirit even in the most humble of circumstances, and that every situation can possess virtue if one truly understands themselves. It is the flesh that is enslaved, not the spirit, and many who are in servitude may be freer than their masters, provided they refrain from engaging in demeaning actions even while in bondage. All wrongdoing is akin to slavery, while true innocence signifies freedom. Therefore, the Lord asserts that every individual who sins becomes enslaved to sin (John 8:34).

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Consider the individual consumed by greed who is willing to sacrifice his dignity for fleeting wealth—how can he be anything other than enslaved? The person who hoards what he has becomes overwhelmed by the fear of loss, and the more he possesses, the greater the peril he faces in trying to preserve it. How can one who feels their possessions are insufficient not be deemed a beggar? Even if they appear affluent, they themselves feel a lack, and they are driven by unchecked desires that hinder their belief in what they seek.

Is not the one who is driven by lust also enslaved? They are consumed by their own desires, burned by the fire within. The prophet appropriately warned, "Go into the light of your fire, and into the flame which you have kindled" (Isaiah 50:11 LXX). Fear ensnares everyone, creeping in silently; in the pursuit of one indulgence, a person becomes a servant to many. Thus, one who chooses their own masters and craves what they fear is ensnared in wretched bondage, for nothing embodies slavery more than ongoing fear.

In contrast, the truly free person, even when facing forms of servitude, is not shackled by love, not ensnared by greed, and not constrained by the fear of reprimand. They maintain a serene outlook on the present and remain untroubled by future uncertainties. Does it not strike you that one may appear to reign in bondage while the other embraces freedom within servitude? Consider Joseph, a slave, contrasted with Pharaoh, the ruler; yet Joseph's enslavement proved far more blessed than Pharaoh's reign. Without Joseph's wise counsel, all of Egypt would have faced ruin during the famine (See Gen. 41:34-39).

Dimitri of Rostov

17th centuryChurch Father

At that time, the Ishmaelites were hastening to take Joseph to Egypt, anticipating a handsome reward from a nobleman for his remarkable appearance. As they made their way through the Egyptian city, they encountered Pentephrius, the king of kings under Pharaoh. He noticed Joseph and addressed the Ishmaelites, saying, "Merchants, tell me, from where have you brought this young man? He hardly resembles any of you, for such striking beauty is not found among Ishmaelites." They replied, "This youth is exceptionally wise and comes from a distinguished lineage." Pentephrius was eager to acquire Joseph, purchasing him for the price they requested. The king took Joseph into his home and took great interest in learning about his past.

Ignatij (Briantchaninow)

19th centuryChurch Father

The Ishmaelites transported Joseph to Egypt, where they handed him over to Pentephrius, a noble of Pharaoh's court, who served as the chief of the king's bodyguards. Throughout this time, the Lord remained with Joseph, providing unseen guidance and support.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

Eunuch. In this context, the term refers to a royal figure or a person of high rank, as eunuchs frequently held such positions in Eastern societies. To the captain of the bodyguard. Jerome interprets this as the leader of the troops.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.