Genesis 8:9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The inquiry arises regarding a passage in sacred Scripture, which previously stated that 'the tops of the mountains were seen' (Gen. 8:5) but later indicates that the dove, unable to find rest, returned to Noah in the ark, 'for the water was still on the surface of the whole earth.' We must examine these words closely to grasp the reasoning. The text not only mentions that the dove 'found no rest' but also specifies 'with his feet,' illustrating that although the waters had receded to some extent and the mountain peaks were visible, those very summits remained coated with mud or debris from the deluge. Consequently, the dove could not perch anywhere or locate sustenance, prompting its return to the ark.

The symbolism of the eternal realm as represented by the olive branch that the dove returned to the ark is quite apparent. This is because we recognize that the oil does not deteriorate when it comes into contact with other substances, and the olive tree remains perpetually green.

The synagogue lacks this sacred oil because it is devoid of the olive tree and does not recognize what type of dove delivered the olive branch after the deluge. However, this dove descended upon Christ during His baptism and remained with Him, as John witnesses in the Gospel: "I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove and remaining on Him" (John 1:32).

The dove represents the Lord Himself, embodying qualities of gentleness and simplicity. He is symbolically a dove because He instructed His followers to embody such traits: "Be simple as doves" (Matthew 10:16). This identification of the dove with Christ is affirmed by the prophet, who, speaking on His behalf, expressed His desire to return to heaven after enduring earthly trials: "Who would give me wings like a dove? I would fly away and be at rest" (Psalm 54:7). Furthermore, when Christ established the sacraments for the Church, a dove descended from heaven (See Matt. 3:14, Mk. 1:10, Lk. 3:22, Jn. 1:32), symbolizing the mystery and significance of the sacrament.

Following the release of the raven, Noah sent forth a dove, which returned at dusk, holding an olive branch adorned with fresh leaves in its beak. It is likely that you have perceived, dear friends, and anticipated what I am about to say: this olive branch signifies the grace of the Holy Spirit, overflowing with words of life, the fullness of which rests upon Christ, as noted in the Psalm: Thou hast anointed thee, O God, thy God, with the oil of gladness more than thy partners (Psalm 44:8). Concerning the bestowal of gifts upon Christ's companions, John declares, Ye have an anointing from the Holy One, and know all things. The imagery here beautifully aligns with the truth.

The dove, as elucidated by the Holy Fathers, symbolizes the holy and pure souls that amid the necessary pursuits of daily living find no sanctuary in the world where their hearts can attain genuine peace. Alarmed by the pervasive influences of this age, they yearn fervently to return to the ark, seeking refuge in the true Noah—Jesus Christ, the Divine Comforter during the trials that are inextricably linked to the hardships of this existence, which, much like a deluge, assail the faithful from all sides.

Following the unsuccessful attempt with the raven, Noah sends out the dove to determine whether the land is free from water. The dove was selected because it prefers dry and fertile environments, feeding on seeds that are more likely to be found in lower lying areas rather than in elevated regions. Additionally, it was thought that the dove, being a domesticated bird, would be more inclined to return to the ark with news about the land’s condition, unlike the raven, which is a wild creature that values its independence. This time, the dove quickly came back to Noah, unable to find a resting place beyond the ark.