The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 49:21Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And thou shalt say in thy heart: Who hath begotten these? I was barren and brought not forth, led away, and captive: and who hath brought up these? I was destitute and alone: and these, where were they?

Douay-Rheims

וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ מִ֤י יָֽלַד־לִי֙ אֶת־אֵ֔לֶּה וַאֲנִ֥י שְׁכוּלָ֖ה וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה גֹּלָ֣ה ׀ וְסוּרָ֗ה וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִ֣י גִדֵּ֔ל הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה אֵיפֹ֥ה הֵֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

You will reflect in your heart, ‘Who brought them to me?’ Jerusalem pondered this in astonishment, as if caught in a dream, ‘Who had them for me? I was without children and barren. Others lament, ‘I am forsaken and a widow.’ Some declare: barren. Aquila states: barren. Can you perceive God's marvels in seemingly hopeless situations? Taken away as captives and displaced. Aquila refers to them as wandering and distant. Symmachus describes them as captives and estranged. Jerusalem faced two significant obstacles: first, it was under the rule of outsiders, and second, having been lowered from its height, it fell from its stronghold. Who has raised them up? Look, I have remained alone; where have they gone? This repeated questioning reveals profound astonishment intertwined with uncertainty and ecstatic joy.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The concept of the prophet’s message and the imagery of the axe involve elements that are clear and easily seen. When Israel rejected and persecuted Christ, the land of the Jews fell into ruin, with Jerusalem and the temple itself destroyed, leaving Judah in such desolation that the esteemed prophet Isaiah highlighted this truth throughout his writings. He proclaimed, "There shall be seven wives for one husband, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own clothes; only let your name be called upon us, to take away our reproach" (Isaiah 4:1, 2). The law states, "There shall be no miscarrying nor barren in thy land" (Exodus 23:26; Deuteronomy 7:14), and they found the disgrace of infertility intolerable.

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Due to the devastation of war that claimed many men, and with only a few remaining, Isaiah stated that seven women would seek one man to alleviate their shame of childlessness. However, given the challenge of a single man providing for seven wives, they declared their intention to sustain themselves, indicating they required nothing from his resources, solely wishing to escape the embarrassment of barrenness.

Thus, as their nation lay in ruins, Isaiah promised an end to the afflictions that had struck it, assuring that the desolate would flourish once the devourers—those who had exploited his leadership—were removed, like wild beasts that nearly consumed it. He also foretold of a multitude who would be called, emphasizing the vastness of this gathering: "For thy sons, whom thou hast lost, shall say in your ears, Make me a place." Additionally, he conveyed to the spiritual Zion, "Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2, 3).

It is recorded in the books of Moses that the tabernacle in the wilderness, made of skins, was surrounded by spacious courts, facing east and west, as well as north and south. This design symbolically illustrated the expanse of the sacred spaces or churches during that era. Yet, even now, with the grace of Christ ever-present, the places for believers are numerous, so that the Church, which embodies spiritual Zion, rejoices and proclaims, "Who has begotten these for me?" Through faith in Christ, the barren and solitary have become fruitful with many children; their nations have been nurtured through their own efforts; the forsaken have become abundantly blessed; and what was once desolate and lonely now thrives in abundance.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Concealed within our hearts, we ought to exemplify righteousness for others, not solely through our actions, but also in our words, moral integrity, and faith. Thus, let us embody the ideals we aspire to attain. May our feelings reflect our true selves. Let us reject any unjust thoughts in our hearts, even if they remain cloaked by our silence. For indeed, the intentions concealed in a person's heart are clearly known to Him Who formed the hidden depths of our souls. The One Who endowed us with the capacity for emotion and thought is fully aware of the most secret aspects of our being. Consequently, we must recognize that everything we undertake, whether openly or secretly, is ultimately visible (like in the light) before the discerning gaze of our Judge and laid bare to all.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

In response to the spiritual Zion's sorrow over feeling forsaken by God, it is assured that even if a mother were to forget her own child, the Lord will never forget him. He will be bestowed with unexpected blessings as it is written: “And thou shalt say in thy heart, Who shall bring forth these for me.”

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.