The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 5:16Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And the Lord of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and the holy God shall be sanctified in justice.

Douay-Rheims

וַיִּגְבַּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהָאֵל֙ הַקָּד֔וֹשׁ נִקְדָּ֖שׁ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord of hosts will be lifted high in judgment, and the holy God will be honored in righteousness (Isaiah 5:16). This verse suggests two significant outcomes: first, they will be freed from arrogance and transformed for the better; second, God will become a source of awe for all. This is conveyed through the expressions 'shall be exalted and glorified,' highlighting that even through correction and their downfall, His greatness is revealed. What does it signify to be 'in judgment'? It refers to divine retribution.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

When the time comes for all these events to occur, as stated, the Lord of hosts will be exalted on that day, meaning that when the prophecies concerning them are fulfilled, His glory will be made evident. The Lord of hosts is alone honored in His judgment and righteousness, executing a just and holy verdict upon a haughty, defiant, and pleasure-seeking population. Thus, we ought to detest opulence and strive to steer clear of harmful or, better yet, immoral indulgence, to avoid being consumed by an unquenchable abyss. We should heed the words of our Savior: Woe to you who are wealthy, for you will forfeit your joy (Luke 6:24) and likewise, Blessed are those who mourn now, for you shall rejoice (Luke 6:21).

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For our toil will transform into rest, and the culmination of our good works will yield a lasting joy, as it is written: he who sows to the flesh reaps decay, but he who sows to the spirit will reap eternal life from the Spirit (Galatians 6:8).

Basil the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The Sovereign of hosts will rise to deliver His judgment. Through the just recompense for the matters previously mentioned, the Lord God is elevated in His judgment, thus attributing the glory of God, including the judgment of the unrighteous, to the One who assesses according to the worth of deeds. Consequently, the greatness of the Lord’s intellect and might is also manifested in His judgments.

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Just as those who study the wisdom of the celestial arrangements—observing the positions, movements, and interactions of the stars—come to recognize the vastness of God’s understanding, proclaiming, “His understanding is infinite” (Psalm 146:5), likewise, those who reflect upon the principles of divine judgment cannot fail to be astonished at the wisdom and reason evident therein, noticing that every individual, even for the least action, will receive a reward corresponding to their nobility. Therefore, in every virtuous act, we glorify the Lord; He is honored through our purity and through our righteousness. As we achieve these things with divine assistance, when God raises us up and establishes us, strengthening and supporting us through His help, we proclaim: I will exalt You, O Lord, as You have elevated me (Psalm 29:2). The exaltations of God are manifold; they include elevating knowledge and understanding, as well as showcasing His majesty and reflecting on His judgments. Thus, it is said of the righteous that the praises of God are in their mouth (cf. Ps. 149:6). And since a correct contemplation establishes steadfast action, it follows: and swords are sharp in their hands, referring to the teachings that sever and eliminate the soul's passions. Moreover, as the Lord of hosts signifies the Lord of armies, the host that serves Him in the time of judgment will glorify Him for His righteous and unfailing judgment. Similarly, I deduce that at the time of the Lord's judgment upon humanity (as He Himself will come in judgment with the people cf. Is. 3:14), the Lord will rise as one (Is. 2:11), for none will be deemed righteous before Him. Who, after contemplating all the gifts bestowed by our Creator and the diverse arrangements concerning all of humanity, could offer a commensurate and fitting return for what they have received from the Lord? Thus, the saints find themselves bewildered, asking, What shall I give back to the Lord for all His goodness to me? (Psalm 115:3). And the Holy God will be glorified in His righteousness. The ascension in judgment is accompanied by the glorification of the Holy One in righteousness. Those who witness His ascent in judgment shall also witness the brilliance of His righteousness.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The Sovereign Lord will rise up...and will be glorified in righteousness, meaning through just judgment, which He bestows upon both the downtrodden and their oppressors, as well as the victims and the aggressors.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord of Hosts will be exalted in His judgment, and the holy God will be sanctified in His righteousness. When the people are led into captivity due to their ignorance of God, suffering from hunger and thirst, and when the depths of hell widen to receive the mighty, the proud, and the glorious who will descend into the abyss, all will bow, and all will be humbled, receiving the recompense they deserve. At that moment, the Lord will be lifted up in judgment, which previously seemed unjust, and the holy God will be honored in righteousness by everyone. This fulfills the words spoken in the Gospel: Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name (Matt. 6:9), and: Righteous Father, the world does not know Thee (John 17:25).

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It is crucial for us to beware of cautioning against the judgment of God, whose judgments are profound and unfathomable. As the Apostle expresses: We shall not scrutinize His judgments, nor pursue His paths (Rom. 11:33), until He brings to light the one concealed in darkness and unveils the intentions of the heart (1 Cor. 4:5). The Gospel states, ‘Judge not, that ye be not judged’ (Matt. 7:1). Following this principle, Apostle Paul instructs: ‘Who are you to judge another's servant? Yet he will stand, for God is able to make him stand’ (Rom. 14:4).

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The unrighteous have failed to provide the Lord with the reverence and glory that are rightfully His. In the presence of Him, the Sovereign over celestial beings, these beings stand in awe; yet, the wicked have disregarded His commandments, admonitions, and warnings. Although the wicked did not show Him respect during His patient endurance, the time will come when He will command their honor as He administers just judgment, rewarding them in accordance with their actions and being magnified through His justice. They have not sanctified the name of the Almighty, only causing offense through their transgressions. The Lord, in His mercy, has withheld judgment in hopes of their repentance. Yet, they have not recognized His grace and have persisted in their sins, trusting in false security.

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This misplaced hope will be fruitless, as the Holy One will ultimately be exalted in righteousness. As they encounter the reality of His justice, they will be compelled to acknowledge that He, being holy, detests wrongdoing and will certainly glorify His holiness manifested in truth.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.