John Chrysostom
Observe the mountain and see it tremble. This signifies that those situated on the mountains will find no salvation. The term "see" is absent in the early versions of the Greek translation but can be found in the Hebrew text.
I looked upon the mountains, and behold they trembled: and all the hills were troubled.
רָאִ֙יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ׃
3 Church Fathers comment on this verse
Observe the mountain and see it tremble. This signifies that those situated on the mountains will find no salvation. The term "see" is absent in the early versions of the Greek translation but can be found in the Hebrew text.
I observed the earth, and it was desolate; there was nothing upon it. I gazed at the heavens, and they lacked illumination. I examined the mountains, and they trembled, as did all the hills. I looked again, and there was no human presence, and every creature that flew across the sky had vanished. My attention turned to Carmel, which lay in ruin, and all its cities were annihilated by the sight of the Lord and the intensity of His wrath. The prophets perceive in the Spirit the calamities that are imminent, so that when the people hear, they may be filled with dread and turn to repentance, thereby escaping the impending doom. The land lies void when its inhabitants are lost. The skies lack radiance when the people are overwhelmed by the magnitude of their despair.
The mountains and hills offer no refuge; they appear to tremble and sway in exaggeration. I searched extensively and found not even a single bird. The fury of God reverberates even through inanimate creation, and the irrational creatures shudder in response. The entire world bears witness to this truth: following the devastation of a great multitude, the birds, typically companions of humankind, have been driven away and have perished. Moreover, Carmel itself, situated near the vast sea and adorned with olive groves, fruit trees, and vineyards, will become so desolate that it will resemble a barren wasteland. Every city will face ruin. The root of all suffering lies in the fact that the anger of God has been provoked by the transgressions of His people. Everything mentioned regarding Jerusalem and Judea in the context of history can similarly apply to the Church of God. When it has provoked the Lord's anger, it will be laid waste either by immorality or by persecution. Where once virtue and joy flourished, there will now abound sin and sorrow.
Similarly, those who face adversity often find that what is meant to be enlightening feels dark, the day appears to be night, and what should bring joy tastes bitter; for them, all things seem inverted.
Passages read together with this verse.