Job 21:23Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

After Sophar's earlier remarks, which suggested that these events have been occurring since humanity's creation (Job 20:4), Job reproaches him for his lack of understanding of the obvious truth. Job asserts, "You claim that such occurrences are inevitable, but the contrary also takes place. Thus, no one should presume to grasp the hidden counsel of God, by which all things come to pass. Indeed, let me ask you: if those who are not wicked face punishment, why is it so? One suffers from hunger while another enjoys wealth, even though their moral failings are alike."

A person's happiness ought to be evaluated not through their outward riches but rather through their inner moral compass, which discerns between righteous and wrongful deeds, serving as the genuine and unblemished standard of justice and recompense. The righteous may face death, yet they maintain their integrity and hold firm to their free will, as though their spirit were enriched with purity.

In verses 23-25, one passes away in the prime of life, affluent and thriving. His insides are filled with richness, and his bones are abundant with vitality. Conversely, another departs in anguish, devoid of any earthly possessions. Job 21:23-25. These realities are true, prompting the question of who can delve into the enigmas of the Almighty to understand the reasons behind such occurrences. Regarding the redeemed and the perishing, their existences are indeed distinct; however, the decay of the body in death appears the same for both. Hence, it is further stated:

Job ceases to seek solace from his companions, desiring instead for them to be quiet while he voices his grievances regarding his afflictions until he has fully expressed himself (21:1-6). Their attempts to illustrate the fate of the wicked, who receive punishment following brief joy, are futile; there are numerous instances of the wicked living and dying in complete happiness (7-13). They dismiss the notion of Divine Providence (14-15); sudden demise does not terrify them (16-18), nor does the unfortunate fate of their descendants trouble them (19-21). Who, therefore, can instruct God in the arrangement of joy and sorrow among humanity (22)? Under God's view, both the unjust and the just meet with the same end (23-26).