Psalm 73 (72):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Now I comprehend, he explains, the reason they experience tranquility and abundance in this life; it is due to their eventual demise from which there is no deliverance. They face a certain and everlasting death, an inescapable reality that binds them, with a vastness surrounding their affliction. Their suffering is not fleeting but enduring for all time. What then, in light of these wicked actions, shall be their eternal consequence?

In death, there is no rest for them. Aquila interpreted this as the absence of suffering in their demise. Symmachus conveyed that they were oblivious to their death, meaning those who faced trials did not forsake their convictions. The term “bowing down” (ἀνάνευσις) implies a sense of surrender; typically, when we aim to relinquish something, we instinctively lower our heads. Furthermore, expressions stemming from their wounds indicate that they did not endure prolonged periods of sorrow in their afflictions.

There exists no deep-seated aversion in their passing, nor is there any affirmation regarding their afflictions. The unrighteous, it is said, do not possess a rejection of or distaste for death; instead, their demise is not repulsive—similar to the way the death of those who meet violent or unnatural ends is perceived—but rather appears gentle, as it comes to them without aggression. Furthermore, their wounds and ailments are transient, for while they may experience illness and distress at times, they swiftly recover and are liberated from their maladies.

Individuals are deemed joyful when they possess what they yearn for. Thus, a Christian experiences joy when they attain their hopes and aspirations. Blessed are those who have been liberated from labor, prison, exile, or bondage. A Christian finds joy in being released from the sins that have entangled them, breaking free from the enslavement of the enemy. Many rejoice in good health, but for Christians, true joy is having a healthy spirit. Happy are the champions who triumph over their foes; however, the truly blessed Christian is the one who conquers their own sinfulness.

While some may view avenging their adversaries as happiness, the real joy for a Christian lies in extending love and kindness towards them. In doing so, they emulate the true children of the Heavenly Father, who “commands His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the just and the unjust" (Matthew 5:44-45). Those who amass much from others may find rejoicing; yet, the Christian who generously shares their resources with neighbors finds even greater joy. “Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy” (Matthew 5:7). “The good man who gives generously will be upheld in judgment and will not be shaken forever” (Psalm 111:5).

In this world, many find happiness in wealth and status, but for the Christian, prosperity is found in good deeds and disdain for worldly acclaim. While some are content to rule over others, the Christian finds fulfillment in mastering their own desires, passions, and temptations, thereby becoming a true lord over themselves. Many may govern others, yet they remain enslaved by sin and their own desires. Truly, a noble ruler is one who masters their inclinations!

People often take delight in providing a lavish feast, yet a Christian's joy comes from receiving the Word of God in their heart, which nourishes their spirit. This spiritual sustenance is the true banquet for the Christian soul!

Happy is the one who exults in the joys of this life. However, a Christian is blissful even in sorrow, grieving over their sins. “Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted” (Matthew 5:4). To many, living in an affluent and attractive residence signifies happiness, while for a Christian, true happiness derives from being a genuine member of the Church of God—a true child of the Church, an inheritor of the saints, and a spiritual partaker in Christ. “Blessed are those who dwell in Your house; they will forever praise You” (Psalm 83:5).

People may find joy in having strong allies and protectors, yet a Christian’s happiness is anchored in having God as their Defender and Helper. “Blessed is the man whose help is from You, O God!... Blessed is the man whose trust is in the Lord his God, who made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, who keeps truth forever, and provides for the oppressed, and sustains the hungry” (Psalm 83:6, 145:5-7).

Strength and courage in battle may provide joy to many, yet the Christian's true happiness rests in being spiritually strong, unwavering in the conflicts against evil, and resolute amidst temptations, trials, and tribulations. This is the stronghold and valor of the Christian, the bold warrior of Christ! "You are my fortress, O Lord, my strength...” With You, all things are possible; without You, there is nothing I can achieve. “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me” (Philippians 4:13). Dear Christian! While others may revel in earthly joys, you will experience true contentment when you cultivate happiness within. This joy is genuine, steadfast, and cannot be taken away!

Let people gain knowledge about the world. You are truly fortunate if you understand yourself and your inner being, even if you possess no other knowledge. While others may take pride in physical well-being, you are indeed blessed if your mind is at peace, despite any bodily ailments. Though many may accumulate temporary riches, you find happiness in the piety and treasures of virtue within you. Others may boast of their illustrious protectors; however, your true luck derives from having God as your Helper and Defender.

People may flaunt their nobility and freedom, yet you are rich in Christian dignity and have a soul liberated from sin, even if you serve people, or suffer imprisonment, or face exile. Though some brag about their favor with various powerful figures, true joy awaits you if you find favor with God, the Heavenly King, even if no human treats you kindly. The mercy of God will surpass any favorable treatment from the world.

While many may dwell in grand and luxurious accommodations, your happiness exists in residing within God’s house, the living Church, as a companion of saints, and a steward of both God and Christ, irrespective of living merely in a hut or cave, or having no place to rest your head. Many may enjoy lavish banquets and rich meals, but your joy is found in being nourished by God’s voice and comforted with heavenly, sacred, and spiritual thoughts, even if you sustain your physical needs with just bread and water.

Some may pride themselves on their physical power, but your contentment lies in your unwavering spirit, able to withstand the devil's trickery and the myriad temptations you face. While many may adorn themselves in fine garments, your true happiness consists of being adorned with the graces of Christ: faith, hope, love, and other spiritual virtues, no matter if you are dressed in rags. People may celebrate their friendships with worldly strong and esteemed figures; your greatest esteem comes from being friends with Christ, the Son of God, and having “fellowship with the Father and His Son, Jesus Christ” (1 John 1:3), even if you count no human friends among you.

This is the essence of real joy and true bliss, which neither flame, flood, prison, exile, captivity, malice, nor the fleeting breath of life can seize. "If God is for us, who can be against us?" (Romans 8:31). This blessed condition resides eternally within you, as “the kingdom of God is within you” (Luke 17:21). “For the kingdom of God is not food and drink but righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit” (Romans 14:17). With this joy, Christians transition into the next age, carrying it with them from this world into their heavenly homeland, and transforming it into everlasting and perfect bliss, where they shall be abundantly blessed in both soul and body. Oh, how truly admirable is this Christian bliss, this measureless happiness!

What value is there in being joyful in the world but lacking this Christian happiness? What worth is health in body without peace in the soul? A disturbed heart is marked by evil. What purpose does it serve to boast of nobility and freedom if one remains a captive to sin and desire? “Everyone who commits sin is a slave to sin” (John 8:34); “Whoever is overcome by another is enslaved by them” (2 Peter 2:19). What good is knowledge acquired externally without self-awareness? Learn of yourself first—it leads to a deeper understanding of all else. What benefit comes from being wealthy in perishable possessions while impoverished in spirit? Pity the affluent who possess earthly treasures yet lack the wealth of virtue!

What is the value of residing in opulence while remaining outside of God’s dwelling, the holy Church? What use is it to command others if you are unable to govern your own self? Begin with yourself, then shepherd others with gratitude. What is the worth of adorning a fleeting body while neglecting to beautify the immortal soul? Do not be foolish! Set aside the mortal frame—mere dust—and dignify your immortal essence. This will yield inner beauty that is genuine and everlasting.

Christian, there is a universal happiness available both to the righteous and the wicked in this life, with a surplus often enjoyed by the wicked. It is written of them: “For there is no pain in their death, and their strength remains steadfast in suffering; they are not in trouble like other men, nor are they plagued as mankind is” (Psalm 72:4-5). However, spiritual joy belongs solely to true Christians. Cultivate genuine holiness within, and then true happiness will be yours—imperishable and infinitely superior to worldly satisfaction. “Peace and mercy be upon those who walk according to this rule, and upon the Israel of God” (Galatians 6:16).

Let this be a comfort to the godly yet impoverished in this world:

1. The weak. Kind-hearted bearers of suffering, do not let despair deplete your spirit! Though your body may hurt, your sanctified souls are healed and rejuvenated. “Though our outer self is wasting away, our inner self is being renewed day by day” (2 Corinthians 4:16). You, like the poor man Lazarus, may struggle here, but alongside him, you shall also inherit comfort in Abraham's bosom (See Luke 16:22).

2. Slaves and laborers in servitude. To the meek and gentle followers of Christ, take solace in knowing that though you may be labeled servants of humans, you remain free individuals in Christ. Your bodies may labor for men, yet your spirits are liberated from sin’s chains. You may lack the liberties enjoyed by your masters, but your souls are adorned with the freedom and dignity that comes from being Christian. Rejoice and take heart, for the inheritance of God’s children is promised to you as well.

3. The impoverished and downtrodden. You, who serve Christ amid trial and scarcity, remain hopeful in what is truly enduring when you see others basking in luxury. They, too, shall leave all behind. “Do not be dismayed when a man becomes rich, or when the glory of his household multiplies; for when his time to die arrives, he will carry nothing with him, nor will his splendor accompany him” (Psalm 48:17-18). While you may not hold corruptible riches, you possess incorruptible treasures within. Be satisfied with this. You may live outside grand structures, yet you are children of God, members of Christ's family, and co-workers with the saints. Find joy in this reality. You may wear rags, yet your spirits are cloaked in the garment of salvation. While you lack worldly goods, heavenly blessings await you, “which eye has not seen, nor ear heard, nor has it entered into the heart of man, all that God has prepared for those who love Him” (1 Corinthians 2:9). Remember Christ’s humility, “For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, so that you might be enriched through His poverty” (2 Corinthians 8:9).

4. Those scorned by the world. You who are looked upon as worthless by the world, take this consolation to heart. Let the world do what it may; you belong to Christ. To be aligned with Him, the Lord of glory, brings immense honor and praise! “My soul shall make its boast in the Lord” (Psalm 33:3). You may experience slander, humiliation, and contempt, yet your souls remain genuine before God. While the world may condemn you, He stands ready to justify you. Though you may be cursed by many, God blesses you. “They may curse, but you shall bless” (Psalm 108:28). Though rejected by the world as insignificant, you are accepted by God. “O God, do not keep silent! For the mouths of sinners and flatterers have risen against me, speaking with deceitful tongues, and surrounding me with words of hatred, and they have unjustly attacked me; in return for my love, they accuse me” (Psalm 108:1-4). Keep in mind that Christ, the Head and Glorious Lord, faced disdain and ridicule from an unfaithful world. “A servant is not greater than his master” (John 13:16). If the master is termed Beelzebub, how much more so, his household members (Matthew 10:25)? “Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you for My name’s sake. Rejoice and be glad, for great is your reward in heaven” (Matthew 5:11-12).

The prophet illustrates the fleeting success of the unrighteous, leading the righteous to struggle with their faith. He begins by referring to physical advantages, highlighting that the wicked, robust in body, seem to be free from illness, and any affliction they encounter quickly subsides. They do not bow in death, nor do they express any anguish from their wounds. The term "inclination," as translated by the Seventy, is used here instead of "evasion," signifying that the wicked do not escape death; rather, they remain oblivious to it, relying on their physical strength.

The Psalm, inspired by the Holy Spirit and attributed to David, was entrusted to Asaph, the leader of the singers, so that he might deliver it with heartfelt expression for the comfort of the gathered congregation before God. This message serves to alleviate their fears regarding the unrighteous, who seem to thrive in this world, enjoying every form of prosperity, while the faithful endure hardships and various trials. It emphasizes that both groups are granted a brief period in this life: the wicked for the enjoyment of plentiful blessings, and the righteous for a life marked by tribulations. However, the ultimate fate of the wicked is eternal destruction, whereas the righteous are destined for everlasting joy. Believers should take to heart the importance of their resolve; those who have fallen into sin are encouraged to seek redemption through repentance, holding tightly to the hope found in the grace of the One who redeems the fallen.

Their wounds do not carry any validation. These injuries are neither permanent nor enduring; rather, they represent their tribulations and their deep sorrow.