The Church Fathers on this verse

John 11:25Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Jesus said to her: I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in me, although he be dead, shall live:

Douay-Rheims

ειπεν αυτη ο ιησους εγω ειμι η αναστασις και η ζωη ο πιστευων εις εμε καν αποθανη ζησεται

Greek (Byzantine text)

What does John 11:25 mean?

Christ is Himself the resurrection and the life. John Chrysostom notes that He needs no one else's help, and Theophylact of Bulgaria stresses that He Himself has power to raise and give life. Believers still die bodily, yet death does not rule over them as over unbelievers. Cyrill of Alexandria speaks of endless life in blessedness.

Summary drawn from the commentaries of the Church Fathers. Based on John Chrysostom, Theophylact of Bulgaria, Andrew of Crete, Cyrill of Alexandria.

The Church Fathers on this verse

13 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Thus, when she said, "I know that he will rise in the resurrection, on the last day," He more clearly shows His power and says, "I am the resurrection and the life."

By this He indicates that He has no need of another's assistance, since He Himself is life. If He needed another, how could He Himself be the resurrection and the life?

Yet He did not say this openly, but only hinted at it. Then, because she had said, "Whatever You ask," He says further, "He who believes in Me, though he die, shall live."

By this He shows that He Himself is the giver of blessings, and that they must be asked from Him.

Why, then, do you seek what you already have? Wait a little, and you will see the grace.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

But I, Jesus, tell you plainly that I am the resurrection and the life. Thus My power is not limited by place. I can heal equally, whether present in a place or absent. For I distribute blessings not on behalf of another, but I Myself am the resurrection and the life. I Myself have the power to raise and make alive. He who believes in Me, though he die this bodily death, shall live. Everyone who lives and believes in Me shall not die a spiritual death. Therefore do not be troubled. Though your brother has died, he will live. And why do I speak of your brother?

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The fruit and crown of faith in Christ is eternal life. It cannot be otherwise for the human soul. If through Christ we all shall rise, then true life consists precisely in living without end in blessedness.

For being brought to life only for punishment is no different from death. Therefore, if someone sees that even the saints die after receiving the promise of life, this means nothing. It happens only for a limited time.

Until the proper time, the manifestation of grace is kept in store. It is not private in significance, but extends to all without exception.

It extends also to the saints who died before, who tasted death for a little while until the general resurrection, when all together will enjoy the good things.

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In the words, "though he die, he shall live," the Savior does not abolish death in the present age. He assigns to it only a temporary power over believers, for He has preserved the grace of resurrection until the proper time.

Thus He says that one "who believes in Me" will not be without a share in bodily death, because of human nature. Yet nothing fearful will happen to him from this.

For God can easily give life to anyone He wills. The one who has believed in Him has, in the age to come, endless life in blessedness and entire incorruption.

Therefore let none of the unbelieving mock. Christ did not say, "from now on he shall not see death." He spoke generally and absolutely: "he shall never see death."

He spoke of the age to come, and referred the fulfillment of the promise to it. When He said to Martha, "Do you believe this?" He required a confession of faith, as mother and cause of life.

She readily agrees and confesses accurately. She does not merely believe that He is Christ and Son of God.

For a prophet may be called Christ because of anointing, and he may also be conceived as a son.

But by saying distinctly, with the article, ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, she thereby confessed the one, only, and true Son.

Therefore faith is in the Son, not in a creature. If the Son, as some think, were a thing made and created, and yet were Resurrection and Life, the Father also would deserve no special wonder for being such.

For what would be greater in Him than in a creature? But if, as far as we can know, He is separated from creatures by the essence of His nature and because He is Life, how can the Son be a creature?

For He Himself is Life by nature, as is the One who begot Him. No creature whatever is life. Rather, it participates in the life that is from the living God.

For "in God we live and move and have our being" (Acts 17:28), as Paul says.

Perhaps many believers, not possessing firm and unshaken faith, are such that it may be said of them: they believe in Jesus, yet they receive death and have died at some time.

But having died, they will not remain in death. They will live again. If someone reached unshakenness and firmness, and possessed such a degree of faith, he could live and believe and never die.

Such was blessed Paul, who said, "Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?" (Rom 8:35), and the rest.

"I am the resurrection and the life." Since Christ saw that she did not clearly understand what He was explaining to her, He says, "I am the life."

This means: "You do not need to ask anything else of Me. Nor must you hope that your brother's resurrection will come after a long time. I am present, calling him to this."

Life by nature is the Son, who calls all things into being and raises all things by His own power. He raises not simply, but unto life. For this reason life is joined to the name of resurrection.

But one must note that the Lord calls Himself "life" (ζωή), not "a living thing" (ζῷον), as some impiously dared to say of Him.

For there is a difference between a living thing and life. A living thing is one that receives life; life is that which grants living.

So it is with "wisdom" and "wise man." He receives, while she gives.

"He who believes in Me, though he die, shall live." Just as the ancient saints have not yet attained the resurrection and rewards, but waited for us, so believers also must await the general resurrection.

This is so that all may rise together with the ancient saints. As they waited because of us, not receiving the rewards due to them, so that all might taste them together, we also do not taste the resurrection alone.

Rather, rising together with the ancient saints, we shall obtain this good together.

If the Son, as some think, were a thing made and created, and yet were resurrection and life, then it would not be remarkable that the Father is also such.

For what advantage would He then have over creatures? But if, according to the logos of nature, He is so far removed from creatures, especially because He is life, how can the Son be a creature?

For the Son also is life by nature, as is the One who begot Him. No created thing whatever is life. Rather, created things are participants in life given from the living God.

For in God we live and move and have our being (Acts 17:28), as Paul says.

Gregory the Theologian

4th centuryChurch Father

He is called Resurrection, Jn 11:25, because He transfers us from here and leads those dead through sin into life. These names also belong generally to Him who is above us and to Him who exists for our sake.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

"I am the voice of life, which awakens the dead. I am the fragrance that drives away the stench. I am the voice of joy, which drives away sadness and grief. I am the consolation of those who sorrow. To those who belong to Me, I have given joy. I am the joy of the whole world. I give joy to all My friends and rejoice with them. I am the bread of life," Jn 6:48.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

"I am the resurrection and the life. Everyone who believes in Me, though he die, is alive." It is clear that "he who lives and believes in Me shall never die," that is, he will not always remain in death, since he is alive. The hand of death will not prevail over him forever. Some understand this as referring to the end of the world, namely, that those who remain on earth until the time of His coming will not die. So too the following words say, "Those who remain until His coming will not die"; cf. 1 Thess 4:15.

Maximus the Confessor

7th centuryChurch Father

The Lord is called resurrection because He rouses the mind from dead attachment to material things and makes it pure from every corruption and deadness. The Lord is called life because He grants to souls that have loved Him the fitting movement in the realm of divine things.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryChurch Father

Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life." I have the power to raise, and I contain within Myself the source of life. I am the Raiser and the Giver of life, as God.

At first Jesus Christ said with humility, "Your brother will rise." But when Martha did not understand this, He directly points her to the power hidden in Him and lifts up her thought.

"He who believes in Me, though he die, shall live. And everyone who lives and believes in Me shall never die." He who believes in Me, though he dies by death on earth, will live the blessed life of the age to come.

And he who is still living this present life will not die the death of the age to come, that is, the wretched death.

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By saying this, Jesus Christ showed that only in the age to come are there true life and death. They cannot change or give way to one another. These, then, are what must concern us most of all.

"Do you believe this?" That is, do you believe that I am the resurrection and the life, and so forth?

Irenaeus of Lyon

2nd centuryChurch Father

For if God is not the God of the dead, but of the living, and He is called the God of the fathers who have fallen asleep, then without doubt they live to God and have not perished, since they are sons of the resurrection.

Our Lord Himself is the resurrection, as He says: "I am the resurrection and the life." And the fathers are His sons, for it is said by the prophet: "Instead of Your fathers shall be Your sons" (Ps 44:17).

Therefore Christ Himself, with the Father, is the God of the living, who spoke with Moses and appeared to the fathers.

Romanos Melodos

6th centuryChurch Father

Gazing at the tomb and those in the tomb, we weep. Yet we ought not to weep, for we know whence they have gone, where they are now going, and who holds them.

They have gone from their temporary life, casting off its labors. They are going to their rest, awaiting divine illumination.

The Lover of mankind holds them, after stripping off their temporary garment, that He may clothe them with their eternal body.

Why then do we mourn in vain? Why do we not believe Christ, who says, "He who believes in Me will not die, even if he sees corruption. After corruption he will arise, and rising he will say: You are life and resurrection."

And to end Martha's lament, the Savior of all addressed her divinely and then spoke: "I am the light of the world and the resurrection of all the dead.

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He who believes in Me shall never die. For this purpose I have appeared, to raise Adam and Adam's descendants, and to awaken Lazarus, four days dead.

I do this because in My compassion I have pity on the tears of Mary and Martha."

Andrew of Crete

8th centuryChurch Father

This is what it means: even if one who believes in Me truly dies, that is, by bodily death, death does not rule over him as it does over unbelievers.

Ignatij (Briantchaninow)

19th centuryChurch Father

"I am the resurrection and the life," said the Lord. "He who believes in Me, though he die," slain by mortal sin, "yet shall he live" by My action, which is the action of Life. It is impossible for one who believes in Christ to die. It is impossible for one who believes in Christ to die by eternal death except through renouncing Christ. Renunciation of Christ is accomplished by confessing renunciation with the lips, after which renunciation by the heart and by the whole being necessarily and immediately follows. Renunciation of Christ is accomplished by a way of life deliberately opposed to Christ's testament. It is accomplished by despair, which is the rejection of faith in Christ.

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryChurch Father

Jesus said, and so forth. The Lord now reveals to Martha what He had in mind. He concentrates her faith upon His own person, as the source of life and immortality.

"I am the resurrection and the life" means that He has in Himself the authority and power to raise and to grant life. He is the Raiser and the Giver of life.

The word "life," standing after the word "resurrection," points to life as the continuation of resurrection. That is, it points to eternal life after the resurrection, in the same sense as in Jn 5:24 and the parallel passages.

In Me is the source of life-giving and life. Therefore, if I will, I can raise your brother even now, before the universal resurrection.

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The Lord clothes this thought, contained in these and His following words, in the form of a general proposition: everyone who believes, and so forth.

The same words and expressions are taken here both in the literal and in the spiritual sense. From this comes a certain obscurity and veiled character of the speech.

For clarity, it may be paraphrased thus: he who believes in Me as the Messiah, the source of all life and immortality, though he die bodily, shall live if I will it.

He may live bodily for a time, that is, rise again for this life on earth. He will also live forever after the universal resurrection in the new life.

And everyone who is still living this temporary life on earth and believes in Me will not die spiritually forever. He will not see death forever (Jn 8:51).

Of course, this does not exclude temporary bodily death, as Chrysostom and Theophylact also say.

"Do you believe this?" the Lord asks. In this way He raises Martha's faith above the degree at which it had been only shortly before (Jn 11:21-22).