The Church Fathers on this verse

Jonah 2:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And he said: I cried out of my affliction to the Lord, and he heard me: I cried out of the belly of hell, and thou hast heard my voice.

Douay-Rheims

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קָ֠רָאתִי מִצָּ֥רָה לִ֛י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑נִי מִבֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Experiencing no harm, akin to a whale in its natural habitat, maintaining his clarity of mind and enduring no physical or mental injury, he perceives divine assistance; he is confident in God's compassion. Recognizing that his situation stemmed from a lack of diligence in fulfilling his duties, he turns to prayers, expresses gratitude, and simultaneously acknowledges the glory of the Savior, marveling at His might and proclaiming His kindness. He claimed that his prayer was heard, sensing this, I believe, within a prophetic insight. The phrase ‘out of the belly of hell’ parallels ‘out of the belly of the whale,’ accurately comparing the creature to hell and death; for it possesses the ability to kill and viciously consume its victim.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Jonah prayed to the Lord, his God, while inside the fish, declaring his distress. The Septuagint reflects this, merely rearranging the words. If Jonah serves as a foreshadowing of the Lord, and his three days and nights in the fish symbolize the Savior's suffering, then his prayer could also be seen as a precursor to the Lord’s own prayer. It is well known that some may find it hard to believe that a man could endure three days and nights unscathed within a whale’s belly, during which the tempest calmed. This disbelief usually comes from either the faithful or the unfaithful. For the faithful, believing this should be as natural as accepting that the three young men in the fiery furnace emerged untouched, with even their clothes remaining free of smoke (Dan.

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3), or that the sea parted, with walls of water on either side allowing the Israelites to cross (Ex. 14), or that hungry lions, driven by their hunger, refrained from attacking Daniel, as though they possessed human wisdom. Conversely, for those lacking faith, let them peruse the fifteen volumes of Ovid's Metamorphoses along with the vast histories of Greece and Rome, noting transformations like Daphne into laurel or the sisters of Phaethon into poplar trees, and how their supreme deity, Jupiter, metamorphosed into a swan and gold, or assumed the form of a bull, along with other mythical accounts that clash with divine purity. They accept these fables yet claim that nothing is impossible for God; in clinging to these dishonorable stories, they affirm God's omnipotence while simultaneously doubting it concerning the honorable truths.

When it states, "And Jonah prayed to the Lord his God out of the belly of the fish, and said," it reveals that upon realizing his safety in the whale, Jonah clung to hope in the Lord's mercy and turned fully to prayer. For God, who declared, "I am with him in trouble" (Psalm 90:15), and “When he calls to Me, I will answer him” (Isaiah 58:9), was indeed with him, and those He responds to can affirm, “In my distress, You have given me relief” (Psalm 4:2).

"I cried out in my distress to the Lord, and He answered me; from the depths of Sheol, I called, and You heard my voice." The Septuagint renders this similarly, modifying it to say, "From the depths of Sheol You have heard the voice of my cry." Jonah’s words reflect the past—he does not say, “I cry,” but “I have cried,” thanking God for what has already occurred. This suggests that when he was thrown into the sea and beheld the colossal fish ready to seize him, it triggered his remembrance of the Lord and his cry for help—prompted perhaps by the calming waters that allowed him space to call out, or by the earnestness of his heart, echoing the words of the Apostle: “crying out in your hearts, ‘Abba, Father’” (Gal. 4:6). He cried to the One who discerns human hearts and who asked Moses, “Why do you cry out to Me?” (Ex. 14:15), even though Scripture does not mention a prior cry. In the first psalm of degrees, it states, “unto the Lord I cried, and He has heard me” (Ps. 119:1). The “belly of Sheol” may signify the belly of the whale, which resembles the depths, but more appropriately relates to Christ, who, under David's name, proclaims in the psalm: “You will not abandon my soul to Sheol, nor allow Your Holy One to see corruption” (Psalm 15:10). He, alive in the abode of the dead, remained unharmed among them.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

I called out to the Lord my God in my distress, and He answered me: my cry emerged from the depths of despair. Jonah, who previously believed that God revealed Himself only to prophets in Jerusalem, discovered Him even within the belly of the great fish, and through prayer, he accessed His divine mercy. Jonah referred to the whale's belly as the belly of hell, as the creature was lethal, and by the nature of his situation, the Prophet was effectively dead, yet he remained alive solely by God's grace. Additionally, reflecting the image of our Lord Christ, who spent three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (Matthew 12:40), Jonah accurately describes his own experience as being in the belly of hell.

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Astonishingly, the One who truly faced death proclaimed that He would be in the earth’s embrace for three days and three nights, while Jonah, having merely brushed against the reality of death, terms the whale's belly as that of hell. It was beyond Jonah’s ability to sustain his own life; however, with the authority of the Sovereign Christ, both his death and resurrection were under His own command. Consequently, within the Gospel, the location encompassing hell and death is designated as the heart of the earth, and it is here that the whale’s belly is referred to as hell. "Hear my voice," Jonah implores; "for without this, I would not have survived to this day."

Zeno of Verona

4th centuryChurch Father

After having dozed off without concern on the vessel in the midst of nature's fears, he now found himself fully awake in the great fish. From the profound depths of the ocean, from the belly of the sea creature, and from the very depths of his soul, he calling out to the Lord, and his heartfelt plea was not in vain - the Lord responded to his supplication.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The prophet experienced profound anguish as he descended into the abyss of the ocean. He refers to this abyss as the belly of the grave, the realm where the spirits of the departed descend, devoid of hope for rejoining the living. Jonah expressed this deep sorrow to the Lord and, from the depths of the ocean, he earnestly cried out for mercy, trusting that should it be the Lord’s will, He could rescue him from the grasp of death. Now, within the confines of the great fish, he offers heartfelt thanks, acknowledging that the Lord answered his plea and did not abandon him to the depths, but instead sheltered him in the belly of the sea creature as a refuge.

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Jonah articulates both his anguish and gratitude, echoing sentiments found in the Psalms: "Out of the depths I cry to You, O Lord; O Lord, hear my voice. I will call to the Lord in my distress, and He will hear me."

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Passages read together with this verse.