The Church Fathers on this verse

Luke 1:14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And thou shalt have joy and gladness: and many shall rejoice in his nativity.

Douay-Rheims

και εσται χαρα σοι και αγαλλιασις και πολλοι επι τη γεννησει αυτου χαρησονται

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

15 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 27 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

When Zacharias entered into the temple to offer up prayers to God for all men, interceding between God and man, he saw an angel standing within, as it is said, And there appeared unto him an angel.

But the angel evidently came not in a dream, because the tidings he brought were too hard to be understood, and needed therefore a more visible and marvellous manifestation.

The justest of men can not without fear behold an angel; Zacharias therefore, not sustaining the sight of the angel’s presence, nor able to withstand his brightness, is troubled, as it is added, Zacharias was troubled. But as it happens, when a charioteer is frightened, and has let loose his reins, the horses run headlong, and the chariot is overturned; so is it with the soul, when it is taken by any surprise or alarm; as it is here added, and fear fell upon him.

Or it means, that this was to be the proof of his prayer having been heard, namely, that a son should be born to him, crying, Behold the Lamb of God!

Which must be the meaning here, for those who from their earliest years were destined to shine forth in virtue, received their names at the very first from a divine source; while those who were to rise up in later years, had a name given them afterwards.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

It is said the altar of incense, because the other altar was set apart for burnt offerings.

As if when Zacharias asks, How shall I know this? the angel answers, Because Elisabeth shall bring forth a son, thou shalt believe that the sins of thy people are forgiven.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Now here we must first consider that it is not likely that Zacharias, when offering sacrifice for the sins or for the salvation or redemption of the people, would neglect the public petitions, to pray (though himself an old man, and his wife also old) that he might receive children; and, next, above all that no one prays for what he despairs of ever obtaining. And even up to this time, sc much had he despaired of ever having children, that he would not believe, even when an angel promised it to him.

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The words, Thy prayer is heard, must be understood therefore to refer to the people; and as salvation, redemption, and the putting away of the sins of the people was to be through Christ, it is told Zacharias that a son shall be born to him, because that son was ordained to be the forerunner of Christ.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Whereby it is not difficult to discern between good and bad spirits, for if joy has succeeded to fear, we may know that relief has come from God, because the peace of the soul is a sign of the Divine Presence; but if the fear remains unshaken, it is an enemy who is seen.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

"And it will bring you joy and happiness," not merely due to the birth of a son, but because you have given birth to someone special. "Among those born of women," He declares, "there is no one greater than John." (cf. Luke 7:28)

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

It is well said that there appeared an angel to Zacharias, who suddenly beheld him; and this is the expression especially used by Divine Scripture with respect to angels or God, that what cannot be seen beforehand may be said to appear. For things which are the objects of our senses are not seen as He is seen, Who is seen only as He will, and Whose nature is not to be seen.

It was not without good reason that the angel appeared in the temple, for the coming of the true High Priest was now announced, and the Heavenly Sacrifice was preparing at which angels were to minister. For one cannot doubt that an angel stands by where Christ is sacrificed. But he appeared at the right hand of the altar of incense, because he brought down the token of Divine mercy. For the Lord is on my right hand, so that I should not be moved. (Ps. 16:8.)

Or, as follows; Divine mercy is ever full and overflowing, not narrowed to a single gift, but pouring in an abundant store of blessings; as in this case, where first the fruit of his prayer is promised; and next, that his barren wife shall bear a child, whose name is announced as follows; And thou shalt call his name John.

But a saint is not only the blessing of his parents, but also the salvation of many; as it follows, And many shall rejoice at his birth. Parents are reminded here to rejoice at the birth of saints, and to give thanks. For it is no slight gift of God to vouchsafe unto us children, to be the transmitters of our race, to be the heirs of succession.

John Damascene

8th centuryChurch Father

Angels, however, are revealed not as they really are, but transformed (as men are able to behold them) into whatever the Lord commands.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

There will be joy and gladness for you. You, who have become the father of a child whose conception and everything that follows are extraordinary and remarkable, as we shall explore further. Many will celebrate his birth, not only his family and household but also those to whom it was disclosed from above regarding the ministry he is destined to fulfill.

Origen of Alexandria

3rd centuryChurch Father

The angel not only soothes his fears, but gladdens him with good tidings, adding, For thy prayer is heard, and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear a son.

And we speak thus not only of the present time, but also of the future. When we shall have passed from the world, God will not appear unto all men, nor will the angels, but unto him only who has a clean heart. The place will neither hinder nor serve any one.

A new face suddenly presenting itself to the human eye, troubles and startles the mind. The angel knowing this to be the nature of man, first dispels the alarm, as it follows, But the angel said unto him, Fear not.

For when a just man is born into the world, the authors of his birth rejoice; but when one is born who is to be as it were an exile to labour and punishment, they are struck with terror and dismay.

Beda Venerabilis

8th centuryChurch Father

It is meant as a token of particular merit, when a man has a name given him or changed by God.

John is therefore interpreted, “one in whom is grace, or the grace of God;” by which name it is declared, first, that grace was given to his parents, to whom in their old age a son was to be born; next, to John himself, who was to become great before the Lord; lastly, also to the children of Israel, whom he was to convert to the Lord. Hence it follows, And he shall be a joy unto thee, and a cause of rejoicing.

Innocentius of Kherson

19th centuryChurch Father

The angel proceeds to outline the attributes of Zechariah's forthcoming son, affirming that the predictions made will indeed come to pass. What will this child embody both in physical and moral aspects? "Rejoice"—in what context, from what source, and in what manner? This needs no further clarification. John could not bring joy to his parents solely through his earthly existence, and even less so through his tragic demise. Clearly, the joy referred to here must be of a spiritual nature: "and many ... shall rejoice ... shall rejoice." This was realized at the time of his birth (Luke 1:58). However, this joy must resonate throughout all eras and with all people. Distinguished individuals hold significance not only in their own time, but also across the ages. By examining the Gospel narratives detailing the life of Jesus Christ, we also reflect on the Announcement of the Birth of John the Baptist.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

Many will celebrate His birth, and He shall be esteemed in the sight of the Lord (Luke 1:14-15). If we embrace the sentiments of our homeland, honoring the beloved traditions and expressing our gratitude for the divine greatness of God’s anointed, we can infer that the heavenly hosts and the realm of the divine endorse this perspective, as we act within our earthly realm. The angel who announced the birth of a significant figure to his father added, "and there shall be joy and gladness for you," signifying a familial celebration. "And many will rejoice at his birth" indicates a communal festivity, a national celebration, while "It shall be great before the Lord" serves as the foundation of this joyous occasion.

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According to the angel's viewpoint, the birth of such a notable individual warrants immense joy for many, promoting a celebration as widespread as the positive influence of his triumph.

The son of heaven regards earthly matters through a heavenly lens, as evident in his definition of true greatness: "be great before the Lord." The angel conveys that not every manifestation of greatness inspires joy; only the kind that is esteemed in the presence of the Lord. This truth justifies our current celebration, as the one who is "great before the Lord" has been anointed by Him and strives to wield that greatness for righteous deeds, the protection of faith, and brave defense of Christ’s name against His adversaries, to whom the Lord responds with His victorious shield.

Although few are destined for greatness to bring joy to many, it is human nature to desire that even a small life be marked by joy that touches both oneself and others. Thus, it is essential for both the humble and the exalted to grasp the angel's message that every source of genuine joy or flourishing is only secure when established in the Lord. It is crucial to recognize how misguided humanity is when it seeks to build foundations of greatness or excellence independently, apart from God, forgetting Him altogether.

For the truth stands that man, a created being, is nothing without his Creator, who fashioned existence from nothing. What can a being derived from nothing produce of its own? Yet God is all and provides everything to His creations, granting them being and their attributes. If their perfection and well-being originated solely from God in the beginning, how could they attain them differently in subsequent times, given their continued dependence as on the day of creation?

To believe one has independent existence post-creation, akin to a structure which persists even if its builder is gone, confuses the fundamental differences between the creation by man and that by God. Man crafts from pre-existing materials, ensuring something remains after he finishes. God, however, creates from nothing; without His active will, nothing would endure. His eternal nature assures us that His actions cannot be likened to those of temporal beings. While creation has ceased for creatures, it perpetually continues from God’s eternal perspective. Therefore, as God's action confers and sustains existence, humanity cannot escape this divine engagement. Likewise, while God bestows well-being, humans, having freedom, may stray from this providential work, potentially resulting in their deprivation of the good bestowed by God.

If anyone doubts these truths, they should reflect on the Word of God. “My Father worketh hitherto, and I work” (John 5:17), states the Son of God. Elsewhere, He affirms, “Without Me ye can do nothing” (John 15:5). The apostle remarks that in Him, “we live, and move, and have our being” (Acts 17:28). The psalmist proclaims, “I will open My hand, and all shall be filled with goodness; but if I hide My face, they shall be troubled” (Psalm 103:28-29), particularly regarding humanity: “They that remove themselves from Thee shall perish” (Psalm 72:27). If God, though having created the world and resting from His work, still “worketh,” we must conclude that this continuous work is necessary for the good of His creations as it would be unfathomable for God to engage in futile labor. Therefore, woe to those who separate themselves from or hinder this divine work!

As living and free beings, humans are capable of action, yet if their endeavors are not placed before the Lord, lack a foundation in Him, and ignore His work, the most one can anticipate is conflict between human effort and divine purpose. Since God’s work is undeniably superior, it follows that human endeavors, when not aligned with Him, will inevitably face dissolution. Given our dependence on the One who “upholds all things by the word of His power” (Heb. 1:3), it must be acknowledged that works conducted without God are not only unreliable but ultimately devoid of worth. This leads to pondering how works of the ungodly persist despite being contrary to God’s will.

Yet this perplexity is resolved by recognizing God’s universal creative and providing actions that sustain all things, such that even the wicked and His adversaries partake in His bounty as mere creatures. This is granted not because of their wickedness, which opposes God’s desires, but for the sake of preserving their existence, maintaining their freedom—an irrevocable gift from God, and offering them time to repent, as well as honoring the principles of justice that require a rendering of judgment against wrongdoing. Sacred Scripture avers, “Sinners shall perish” (Psalm 91:8). Just as wild grass among cultivated crops enjoys the farmer's yield while remaining an intruder, the actions of sinners thrive by God’s providential power but remain distanced from Him because they arise contrary to His design and intentions. Thus, they await the judgement that shall purify the land of sin.

“When the wicked perish like grass and all who do iniquity vanish," it is so that they may be consumed throughout eternity” (Psalm 91:8). If God is the source of our existence, “in Him we live, and move, and are” (Acts 17:28), is it not critical to discern if our lives reflect our proximity or distance from Him? The implication of living away from God—while He is omnipresent—demands careful contemplation.

How can one be said to be distant from God, and what does this separation entail? This is explained clearly by God Himself. “These people draw nigh unto Me with their mouths, but their hearts are far from Me” (Matthew 15:8). Thus, our separation from God is not defined by geographical distance, rather by the intent and direction of our hearts and actions—essentially the heart, mouth, mind, and deeds. If your heart lacks a faithful love and yearning for God, it is distant from Him. If your thoughts do not ascend to the knowledge of His will, or if your actions are undertaken without regard for Him, then those acts stray from His presence.

There is little to say about verbal claims of closeness to God; if even superficial approaches with the mouth are inadequate, how lacking in worth must genuine distance be? Having assessed the condition of separation from God, should we not fearfully consider how quickly calamity and destruction can ensue? Yet what we find is not a mere distance but an imminent danger, as if “behold, they that draw away from Thee shall perish.” In moments of introspection, we may be astounded by the many actions taken in thoughtlessness.

Who among us, when rightly reflecting, does not acknowledge that everything is from God, that everything is contingent upon His authority, and that without Him there can be no good? Yet upon closer examination of our lives, many may discover, and confess, a tendency to act as if God is irrelevant, indulging in desires and actions as though He does not exist. O God, “in Him we live, and move, and have our being.” What must Your ministers do at times? Remind us of Your presence? Urge us not to forget You?

And this call to remember holds particular poignancy for Christians, those whom You have drawn near, united through Your Son and the Holy Spirit. O patient and merciful God, do not forget us as we forget You. Do not forsake us in our withdrawal. Instead, may Your grace, which conquers all sin, draw us closer, leading our actions nearer to You and establishing our thoughts in Your will. May we not merely remember You in fear but look upon You in faith and remain steadfast. Let Your mighty name illuminate our minds and invigorate our hearts, let Your law be the foundation of our actions, and may our joy blossom abundantly in Your presence. Amen.

Lopuchin A.P.

19th centuryCommentator

It was the archangel Gabriel, a messenger of good news, who brought a message to the righteous Zechariah that would serve as a promise of joy not only for him and the righteous Elizabeth but also for all of Israel and indeed for all humanity. The moment had arrived for the fulfillment of the earnest prayers of Zechariah and those who shared in his faith. The time for the coming of the Messiah was near, and the honorable priest would have the privilege of being connected to Him even in His humanity; a son was to be born to him, tasked with preparing the way for the Savior of the world.

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"He shall be a Nazarene; he shall not drink wine nor strong drink (see Luke 3:2), and he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother's womb; and he shall turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. And he will go before Him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the mindset of the just, to make ready a people prepared for the Lord." The Incarnation of God the Word occurred "according to the fulfillment of the times" when humanity, weighed down by sin, had fully depleted its spiritual and moral capacities, realizing either consciously or unconsciously that living in such a condition was untenable and that liberation was necessary. This deliverance came from heaven and was marked by the prophetic signs indicating the advent of the Savior. One such sign, as foretold by the prophet Malachi, was the coming of a forerunner or messenger, who would prepare the way for the long-awaited Messiah (Malachi 3:1). This forerunner was St. John the Baptist, and with the announcement of his conception and birth, the story of the new covenant begins.

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

“To you comes joy and gladness”: while every elder in Israel experienced happiness with the birth of any child, the joy surrounding the arrival of the child announced by the angel must have been even greater, as this event was remarkable and unprecedented. This joy would grow even more with the angel's subsequent revelation, which Zacharias grasped in its vital and fundamental meaning, as shown in his ensuing song of praise. “They shall rejoice over his birth”: in due time, when he has succeeded in fulfilling the divine calling upon his life, many people who benefit from his positive influence will celebrate the arrival of such a remarkable individual.

Paul Matwejewski

19th centuryCommentator

It was not long before the incense was placed upon the altar; however, Zechariah prolonged his task due to an extraordinary vision. He beheld, on the right side of the altar, an angelic being. This unexpected sight caused Zechariah to tremble, likely due to its strangeness and possibly because the ancient Hebrews believed that seeing an angel often signaled imminent death (Judges 6:22-23; 13:22). Fear not, Zechariah! This is how the heavenly messenger initiated his discourse, assuring the bewildered priest that the message bringing joy was meant to uplift rather than frighten. Your supplication has been heard; your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you shall name him John.

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Your prayer for the coming of the Messiah's Kingdom has been acknowledged, and shortly, the long-awaited Messiah will be born. Your son will serve as His forerunner, born of your aged wife. There will be great joy and delight for you, and many will rejoice at his birth. Your joy will increase, commensurate with the significant calling of your son and the joyous anticipation of the Messiah’s arrival. He will be great in the sight of the Lord—truly remarkable in his life, in his preaching, and in the salvific mission designated for him. He will abstain from wine and strong drink, much like a Nazarite (Num. 6:3), being filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother’s womb. This divine filling marks the commencement of his great purpose, similar to the prophets of old (Jeremiah 1:5). Even prior to his birth, he will receive an abundant outpouring of God’s grace, leading many children of Israel to return to the Lord their God, urging them to reject unrighteous ways. He will precede the Lord with the spirit and power of Elijah, reconciling the hearts of fathers and children and guiding them towards righteousness, preparing the Israelites for the Kingdom of peace and love, uniting their aspirations for the Messiah. He will transform the wicked into the righteous.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 13 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  2. ἔσται
    estai
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  3. χαρά
    chara
    joy
    G5479 · χαρά
  4. σοι
    soi
    you
    G4771 · σύ
  5. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  6. ἀγαλλίασις
    agalliasis
    exultation
    G20 · ἀγαλλίασις
  7. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  8. πολλοὶ
    polloi
    much
    G4183 · πολύς
  9. ἐπὶ
    epi
    on
    G1909 · ἐπί
  10. τῇ
    tē
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  11. γενέσει
    genesei
    birth
    G1078 · γένεσις
  12. αὐτοῦ
    autou
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  13. χαρήσονται
    charēsontai
    I rejoice
    G5463 · χαίρω