The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 111 (110):8Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

All his commandments are faithful: confirmed for ever and ever, made in truth and equity.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

סְמוּכִ֣ים לָעַ֣ד לְעוֹלָ֑ם עֲ֝שׂוּיִ֗ם בֶּאֱמֶ֥ת וְיָשָֽׁר׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

What does it signify to act ‘in accordance with truth and righteousness’? He asserts that within them lies nothing amiss, no deceit, no obscurity, and no utterances driven by favoritism or animosity—rather, everything is intended for good and beneficial purposes. This contrasts sharply with human laws, which are often variable, uncertain, and steeped in human frailty. Many such laws have been created in response to human emotions—whether to avenge an adversary or to favor a companion. However, divine laws stand apart: they are clearer than daylight, aimed solely at the welfare of those they serve. They lead individuals toward virtue and truth, rather than towards false pursuits like wealth and power—elements that are indeed deceptive, while God's works remain true.

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These laws do not promote success in this life or a focus on earthly possessions, but encourage the pursuit of eternal treasures. All of them address realities that are genuine and trustworthy, leaving no room for contradiction. "Faithful are all His commandments." What does ‘faithful’ imply? It signifies steadfastness and constancy. When these commandments are violated, consequences follow, yet their integrity remains unshaken; when humanity disregards them, divine retribution ensues. Consequently, do not interpret this as mere threats or exaggeration. A lawgiver does not merely issue threats but offers guidance. If you doubt the future, find assurance in the past. Consider the flood in Noah's age, the destruction of Sodom, the downfall of Pharaoh, the annihilation of the Jews, the exiles, and the wars—were these merely threats or actual judgments? If the occurrences of propagation were indeed genuine, the fulfillment of these promises will be even more certain, especially given that the sins of humanity, committed after such healing and correction, are all the more grievous.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The time has arrived for us to lift our voices in praise, declaring Hallelujah. These moments are transient, cycling through periods that encapsulate a day which truly neither arrives nor departs, as it holds no yesterday to prompt its coming and lacks the weight of tomorrow to compel its passing. Just as these times follow the season with joyful celebration, they also reflect upon the Lenten days that signify the trials of this existence prior to the Resurrection of the Lord's body. Thus, the day bestowed after the Resurrection will be granted to the full body of Christ, the holy Church, when the anguish and sorrows of this life will be replaced by everlasting joy.

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Yet, our present existence calls for self-denial; despite our groans and burdens, as we yearn to wear our heavenly dwelling, we must refrain from worldly delights. This is represented by the number forty, echoing the periods of fasting observed by Moses, Elijah, and our Lord Himself. The following fifty days after our Lord’s Resurrection, during which we sing Hallelujah, is not a limit marking the conclusion of a time frame, but rather a signifier of the blessed eternity to come; for the tithe mentioned in Matthew 20:10, added to the forty, symbolizes the reward given to faithful workers, which our Father has set aside equally for all.

Let us attune our hearts to the praises of God’s people. In the psalm, joy is expressed in abundant happiness; it portrays a people whose hearts overflow with divine love, representing the body of Christ liberated from all evil. I confess to You, O Lord, with all my heart, as stated in Psalm 110:1. Confession is not solely an admission of sin; true confession pours out praise for our Creator. One mourns while the other rejoices; the former reveals his wounds to the Healer, while the latter gives thanks for restored health. This final confession denotes someone not only free from evil but also entirely separated from malice. Consider the venue of this heartfelt confession. He states it is in the council of the righteous and the assembly; I envision those who will take their place upon twelve thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel (Matthew 19:28). In that realm, there will be no unjust man, nor the betrayal of Judas, nor the attempts of Simon the sorcerer desiring to purchase the Spirit while intending to sell it; nor shall a coppersmith like Alexander engage in wrongdoing (2 Timothy 4:14), nor shall any false brother disguised in sheep's clothing infiltrate the fellowship. Such individuals are burdens the Church endures now, and whom she will reject when the righteous are gathered. These actions reflect the Great Works of the Lord, as recorded in Psalm 110:2, through whom mercy spares every confessor while no evil goes unpunished (Hebrews 12:6). Each individual can choose their path; the workings of the Lord are not designed for the created to defy the will of the Creator. God does not desire your sin, as He forbids it; however, should you transgress, do not presume that humanity's will prevailed while God’s did not. For just as He wished for man to remain sinless, He also desires to spare the sinner that they may repent and live; He is willing to administer justice to the unrepentant who persist in wrongdoing. Therefore, regardless of your choice, the Omnipotent will ensure that His will is accomplished in your life.

The Lord's work is both confession and glorious acts, as revealed in Psalm 110:3. What could be more magnificent than justifying the ungodly? It may be that humanity’s actions hinder this divine glory, such that, having confessed their sins, they become eligible for justification. This is indeed the Lord’s glorious work; He loves those to whom He grants forgiveness the most (Luke 7:42-48). It is the Lord’s glorious work where sin is abundant, grace overflows far more (Romans 5:20). A man may indeed merit justification through his deeds. However, it is stated that this is not about works, for boasting is futile. We are His handiwork, created in Christ Jesus for good works (Ephesians 2:9-10). A man cannot perform righteousness without first being justified; believing in Him who justifies the ungodly (Romans 4:5), a person begins with faith so that what is good might follow what they have received, rather than preceding an earned status.

He made His wondrous deeds unforgettable, as it says in Psalm 110:4, humbling one man and exalting another. He saves remarkable miracles for fitting occasions, ensuring that through human frailty, seeking novelty, they might be remembered, even as His daily miracles are far greater. He created countless trees across the earth, yet no one took notice; He commanded one to wither with a word, and the hearts of men were astonished (Matthew 21:19-20). Those miracles, rare due to their unusual nature, hold strongly in our hearts. But why would miracles serve purposes if they don’t instill fear? Who would revere profit if the compassionate and gracious Lord didn’t supply sustenance to those who honor Him? (Psalm 110:5) He gives food that does not perish, bread that descends from heaven, which He has not provided to the unworthy. For Christ died for the ungodly (Romans 5:6). Such food could only come from the merciful Lord. Yet, if He has generously provided for this earthly life, what will be bestowed upon those glorified in the world to come? Surely He will always uphold His covenant, and the One who made the promise holds something in reserve.

He will reveal His might to His people through His works (Psalm 110:6). Let not the holy Israelites, who have forsaken all to follow Him, be troubled; let them not lament and ask, “Who then can be saved?” For it is simpler for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God. With man, it is impossible, but with God, all things are possible (Matthew 19:24-26). He shall grant them the inheritance of the Gentiles. Those who approach the Gentiles must remind the wealthy of this world not to take pride in transient riches but to trust in the Living God (1 Timothy 6:17), for with Him, what is impossible for man is easy. Many were summoned; such was the inheritance of the Gentiles that even those who had not entirely relinquished their worldly goods to follow Him often regarded even life itself with disdain for the sake of confessing His name, entering through the narrow path of trials, akin to camels humbling themselves to bear their burdens. His deeds reveal the One to whom all things are indeed possible.

The works of His hands reflect the truth and righteousness (Psalm 110:7). Let the truth be evident in the judgments made. Here, the martyrs who faced condemnation shall judge not only those who condemned them but shall also judge angels (1 Corinthians 6:3) against whom they contended, even when they appeared judged by men. Let neither tribulation, distress, famine, nakedness, nor sword separate us from Christ. All His commandments are true (Romans 8:35), and He is faithful; He delivers His promises. Yet, we must not anticipate the fulfillment of such promises in this life; rather, these promises are eternal, established firmly in truth and justice (Psalm 110:8). It is just and right that we labor here and find rest in the life to come; for He has redeemed His people (Psalm 110:9). But from what are they redeemed if not from the bondage of this pilgrimage? Let us seek no solace except in the heavenly realm. While it is true that God granted the carnal Israelites a temporary Jerusalem, still burdened by their descendants, this pertains to the old covenant. However, those who grasped the underlying meaning there would recognize themselves as heirs of the New Covenant, for the Jerusalem above is free and is our eternal divine mother (Galatians 4:25-26). The truth that transient promises were made in the Old Testament is evident; yet, He has commanded His covenant forever. And what is the essence of the New Covenant? Whoever wishes to hear it must not be deceived; do not envision a land flowing with milk and honey, or fine estates, or fruitful orchards and shaded gardens; do not covet such earthly possessions, as the greed of the eye yearns for them. For since the love of money is the root of all evil (1 Timothy 6:10), it must be uprooted and consumed here, rather than deferred to satiation later. First, flee from punishment and hell before you seek the God who promises; beware of the one who threatens, for His Name is holy and honorable.

Thus, the reverence of the Lord is the foundation of wisdom. Intelligence is undoubtedly valuable (Psalm 110:10). Who would dispute this? Nonetheless, understanding without action is perilous; hence, it is beneficial to those who will act upon that understanding. Let us not let pride swell within, for the honor of the One whose fear is the beginning of wisdom will stand forever; this shall be the reward, the goal, and the eternal dwelling. There are the true commandments, established eternally; here lies the promised inheritance of the New Covenant, decreed to last forever. One thing I have sought from the Lord, which I shall earnestly pursue: to dwell in the house of the Lord all my days. Blessed are those who inhabit the Lord's house; they shall perpetually offer Him praise, for His glory endures forever.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

God, in establishing His commandments, assured His grace to those who adhere to them. The Prophet affirms this by stating that the promises associated with observing His laws are true, and that those who commit to upholding them consistently experience His care. Likewise, we who have fervently sought His assistance have triumphed over those who oppose Him. The Prophet also conveys this in his concluding remarks.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Founded in the eternal ages, brought forth in truth and justice. The decrees of the Lord are steadfast, everlasting, and immutable, and within them resides neither deceit nor corruption, as noted by Chrysostom. Alternatively, truth may be understood as clarity and purity, while righteousness refers to the validity of divine commands, for all of the Lord's commandments are true and transparent, guiding us to walk the righteous path of virtue. Isychias speaks of the salvation accomplished by the Savior, which Zechariah, prophesying after the conception of Christ, declared: Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for He has visited and redeemed His people.

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Didyma explains that this salvation is inseparable from Him who proclaimed: The Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many; for it is through His precious blood that we are delivered from the futility of life inherited from our ancestors, as expressed in the words of the Firstborn.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

All the actions of the Lord, including the specific act of expelling the Canaanites and bringing in the Israelites, were executed with profound justice. The Canaanites rightfully faced punishment, and their loss of the land of Palestine serves as evidence of this, as the Prophet demonstrates. They failed to uphold the natural commandments of God, which are essential and universal for all humanity, as they embody the foundational principles of righteousness. In the book of Leviticus, specifically in chapter 18, God prohibits incest, adultery, unnatural acts, idolatry, and similar offenses, further stating, "All these abominations have the men of the earth done, which were before you, and the earth is defiled."

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

The Alleluia accompanying this psalm, much like in all others, represents a profound expression of reverence from the angels and saints, suitable for the glory of God. Furthermore, the prophet calls upon everyone to recognize God’s remarkable blessings bestowed upon the people of Israel, who were created in strength, righteousness, and goodness. This is also for the sake of His glorious commandments, established in truth and justice, which are meant for all humanity, leading to liberation from sin’s grasp, offered by Christ the Lord to those who believe in His name and exalt Him (Phil. 2). The faithful express their gratitude to Christ God, who has liberated them from the bonds of evil and death.

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In the assembly and amongst the faithful, where two or three gather in the name of the Lord or within the Holy Church, we must dedicate our entire heart to Him, as commanded in the scriptures: love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind (Matt. 22:37). The works of the Lord are magnificent, for with a single word, He brought forth the heavens and the earth; that which He declared came to be. The will of God elevates the humble and humbles the exalted.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.