The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 115 (113):3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

But our God is in heaven: he hath done all things whatsoever he would.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

וֵֽאלֹהֵ֥ינוּ בַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כֹּ֭ל אֲשֶׁר־חָפֵ֣ץ עָשָֽׂה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

In this passage, the prophet addresses the folly of those who lack wisdom. Many are unaware of God's existence, prompting him to assert, "But our God is in heaven and on earth: He created all things that He willed." This statement implies that whatever exists in heaven, God also sovereignly created on earth. It may refer to the majestic powers in the heavens or to the divine commands, which are effortlessly accomplished. When we witness chaos and turmoil on earth, we should not be astonished; it stems from human wickedness and the malice of those who perpetrate it, rather than from any deficiency in God's power. The might and authority of God are clearly demonstrated by all that occurs in the heavenly realm.

Read more (103 words)

If the earth appears disordered, the blame lies with humanity, which has rendered itself unworthy.

We might also interpret this as God's exercise of patience, choosing not to administer immediate and fitting punishment for numerous transgressions. The apparent success of the wicked over the righteous can be attributed to the gracious nature of God, who refrains from swift retribution; otherwise, humanity would have faced destruction long ago. The prophet emphasizes that God is indeed strong and capable of punishment, as seen in His deeds in heaven, yet He withholds judgment, extending His mercy and patiently guiding those who live in sin toward repentance.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

If one claims that the Son was generated by will and argues that the will concerning Him existed before His birth, then why does Scripture not express the same regarding Him as it does for other created beings? In the case of creatures formed by God, the will (θέλησις) indeed precedes their existence, as evident in the phrases 'let us make man' (Gen. 1:26) and 'all things, if you will, you shall make them.' However, concerning the Word of God, there is no indication that the will (θέλησις), which is also termed the will (βούλησις), comes before Him; rather, we learn solely that He 'is' and 'was.' Thus, one might say that His rightful place is with the Father.

Read more (61 words)

Therefore, if Scripture indicates that the will precedes all creatures but does not suggest this in relation to the Son, it implies that He is not among created beings and was not brought forth by a mere will, as all else is. Instead, He is derived from the Father and from the essence of the One who begets Him, existing eternally.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Jordan River, upon the crossing into the promised land, was halted from above when the priests, bearing the ark, stepped into its waters, while the current flowed toward the sea below. This occurred until the entire assembly had crossed and the priests stood on dry land (Joshua 3:15-17). We are aware of these events, yet we must not conclude, as we sing Hallelujah in this Psalm, that the Holy Spirit's intent is solely to remind us of the past. Instead, we should recognize that these narratives signify events that have profound meaning for our present. As the apostle notes, these occurrences provide examples for us (1 Corinthians 10:11).

Read more (1325 words)

When Israel emerged from Egypt and the household of Jacob left a foreign land (Psalm 112:1), Judah became His sanctuary and Israel His domain (Psalm 112:2). The sea fled and the Jordan turned back (Psalm 112:3). It is crucial not to view these ancient events merely as historical, but rather as prophetic foreshadows of what is yet to come. While the miracles transpired in that nation, the present manifested while casting a light on the future. Certain details may differ from what we traditionally understand—highlighting that these are not mere recaps of previous events, but rather predictions of what is to unfold. For instance, we read that the Jordan was not simply turned back but halted near its source while the people traversed it; furthermore, we don't find mentions of mountains and hills leaping until they are elaborated later. Thus, when it is declared, "The sea saw it and fled; the Jordan was driven back," it is followed by the vivid imagery of “The mountains leaped like rams, and the hills like lambs” (Psalm 113:4). The psalmist then queries: "What ails you, O sea, that you flee? And you, O Jordan, that you turn back?" (Psalm 112:5). "Why do you leap like rams, O mountains? And you, O hills, like lambs?" (Psalm 112:6).

We must reflect on the lessons here, as both events serve as types for us, prompting self-examination. If we hold firmly to the grace bestowed upon us, we are indeed Israel, the descendants of Abraham, as expressed by the apostle: "Therefore you are Abraham's seed." Every Christian should embrace their identity within Israel, for we are joined through Christ with the faithful among the believing Jews, exemplified by the apostles. Our Lord articulated this connection, saying, "And I have other sheep that are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will hear My voice. So there will be one flock and one Shepherd" (John 10:16). Therefore, the Christian community represents Israel, the true house of Jacob, as both names refer to the same lineage. In contrast, those among the Jews whose duplicity led to their downfall sold their birthright for transient pleasures. It was prophesied that "the elder shall serve the younger."

Egypt, often symbolizing affliction or oppression, can represent this world, from which we must spiritually extricate ourselves to avoid being yoked with the unbelievers (2 Corinthians 6:14). A true citizen of the celestial Jerusalem renounces worldly attachments, mirroring how the Israelites could not enter the promised land until they were freed from Egypt. Just as they required divine assistance for their deliverance, a person cannot genuinely turn from worldly distractions without receiving divine mercy. What once was a type now finds fulfillment in every faithful believer through the everyday struggles of the Church during these last days, as noted by Blessed John (1 John 2:18). Consider the instruction of the apostle to the Gentiles: "I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual rock that followed them, and that rock was Christ. Nevertheless, with most of them, God was not pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness. These things happened to them as examples for us" (1 Corinthians 10:1-6). What more could be asked for, beloved brethren? It is clear not from mere human speculation but from the pronouncement of the Apostle—God and our Lord spoke through them, and even though this utterance came from human mouths, it reflects divine truths. Thus, from this profound testimony, it is evident that all symbolic actions are fulfilled in our salvation; while the future was foretold in those days, now the past is recorded, and we witness the present.

Witness the astonishing reality that the concealed truths of sacred texts are, in some senses, laid bare. The prophet Micah declared, "In the days of your going out of Egypt I will show him wonders," indicating divine marvels yet to unfold. Therefore, while this psalm casts a glance towards the future, it appears to recount historical events. The assertion that Judah was His sanctuary echoes past events: "The sea saw it and fled," and similar phrases suggest past occurrences yet simultaneously convey foretelling of what is to come. Although it had been long since the departure from Egypt, the psalmist’s words convey a prophecy concerning the future. "In the days of your coming out of Egypt, I will show wonders," he proclaims—nations will witness and be confounded. Thus, when it states that "The sea saw it and ran," could one interpret this declaration of "shall see and be confounded" solely as a reference to historical events? The psalmist further alludes to enemies pursuing us—our sins—drowned in baptism just as the Egyptians were submerged in the sea. Knowing that His mercy is infinite, He will return and extend grace, casting all our iniquities into the depths of the sea.

Dearly beloved, recognize your identity as Israelites through Abraham's lineage, part of Jacob's household and inheritors of the promise, for you have also departed from Egypt by relinquishing worldly attachments; you have left behind a strange nation, having distanced yourselves from the blasphemies of the Gentiles through your profession of godliness. A worldly tongue sings not praises to God, as it does not know how to utter Hallelujah. In you, Judah has become His sanctuary, for he who is a Jew is not one outwardly, nor is true circumcision external but instead resides in the heart (Romans 2:28-29). Evaluate your hearts—has your faith circumcised them? Has your confession purified them? In you, Judah has become His sanctuary; in you, Israel has become His dominion, for He enables you to become children of God (John 1:12).

However, I implore you not to seek solely from the darker aspects of this transition, nor to deduce any malevolent intent. The Lord rebukes those who turn away from Him while not seeking His face (Jeremiah 2:27), and anyone who forsakes their own source and retreats from the Creator drifts into the harshness of this world, like a river emptying into the sea. It benefits one to reconsider, allowing the God, whom they have turned from, to be in front of them upon their return, so that the worldly distractions that once lay before them might fall behind. The goal should be to forget what is behind and reach for what lies ahead (Philippians 3:13), which will be advantageous after one’s transformation.

Tremble, O earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob (Psalm 113:7). What does it mean to be in the presence of the Lord if not to be before the one who said, "Behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:20)? The earth quaked because of His presence, yet some were indifferent, not recognizing that through Him, they could be firmly established in the divine presence.

Who transformed solid rock into pools of water and hard stone into flowing springs? (Psalm 113:8). He softened what was perceived as unmalleable, providing sustenance to those who believe in Him, so that He becomes in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life (John 4:14), for prior to being known, He appeared challenging. Those who exclaimed, "This is a hard teaching; who can accept it?" (John 6:60) missed the revelation that He would soon pour forth the Spirit upon them as the Scriptures were unveiled. That rock, once steadfast, turned into pools of water; that hardness became springs when, following His resurrection, He elucidated how Christ must suffer, starting from Moses and all the prophets (Luke 24:26-27), and sent the Holy Spirit, declaring, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink" (John 7:37).

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

They ask, "Where is their God?" Yet we understand that You are God, the Creator of everything, that Your abode is in heaven, and that Your power corresponds to Your will. In response, the Prophet contrasts this truth with a condemnation of idols.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

The nations, as noted by Didymus, may utter the words previously mentioned; however, You, O Lord our God, have fashioned those beings that were delightful to You, both in the heavens and upon the earth. You display great patience, often enduring the shortcomings of humanity according to Your wisdom, granting sinners the opportunity to turn away from their sins. Goldilocks queries the meaning of His creation in heaven as His deliberate design, questioning whether it refers to the celestial powers or the commandments that are efficiently executed. Didymus clarifies that "in heaven" is not to be understood in a geographical sense but rather in terms of the supreme excellence of His majesty. For if He were confined to only the highest place, He could not be present anywhere else.

Read more (126 words)

Yet, He exists everywhere, both in heaven and on earth. Distinct from all creation, He does not depend on anything else, but transcends all things while simultaneously being present in all matters relating to creation and divine governance. If all that exists has come into being through God's will, then it is most blasphemous to suggest that the existence of the Son of God arises from the fiery will of God the Father, positioning Him among the created heavenly beings. Let those faithless individuals understand that creation relies solely upon God's will. Isychias states that He is, indeed, present in heaven and on earth not only by filling all creation but also by having taken on human flesh, subduing demons, and liberating creation from its groans.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Regarding the statement, "Let not the Gentiles say, Where is their God?" the prophet highlights a striking distinction between the one true God and the false deities. He cautions us against providing the Gentiles with reasons to speak ill of our God. If they inquire, "Where is their God?" we can affirm that our God resides in heaven, demonstrated by the marvelous deeds He performs according to His divine purpose. In contrast, the deities of the nations are situated on earth and are utterly powerless; they cannot even move their own limbs, despite appearing to have them. They are devoid of the capacity to see, hear, smell, feel, walk, or speak, incapable of producing a sound that surpasses the quietest murmur of a human voice.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

A profound hymn of adoration directed towards God, where the reigning prophet recounts the wondrous deeds of the Almighty as He guided the Israelites from Egypt to the Promised Land. The prophet implores God to reveal His divine magnificence, illuminating those ensnared by the shadows of idolatry, so that humanity may faithfully serve the one true Creator, having been liberated from sinful Egypt into the grace of service to Christ the Lord, for His ceaseless glory as the genuine God. Judea symbolizes confession, while Israel signifies the mind that perceives God. All who acknowledge Christ as the true God and place their faith in Him ascend from the bonds of sinful Egypt to the realm of Christ's grace, emerging from the lineage of Judah.

Read more (216 words)

The sea and the Jordan represent the populace who witnessed Christ’s grace, turning away from iniquity to embrace the holy faith and showing a readiness for baptism. Nature itself yielded and recoiled, recognizing the Leader and allowing passage to the Shepherd of His people, confirming to the Jews the omnipresence of God's power. The mountains epitomize the prophets, while the hills symbolize the apostles, rejoicing in Christ the Lord, who desires to save humanity. The sea parted at God's command, creating a pathway for the transient Israelites. The Jordan reversed its course when the covenant of the Lord was presented to them, signifying the prophecy of the Lord's baptism. Among all the rivers, Christ chooses the Jordan to administer the sacrament of baptism. This river is formed from the convergence of two springs, Porus and Dan, which unite to create a stream that does not flow into the living sea but instead leads to the Dead Sea—a representation of our mortal existence. The mountains symbolize angels, while the hills represent God’s beloved, rejoicing in Christ, the Savior of the world. Humanity—the earth—stirred by the joyous proclamation of the Gospel, transitions from sin to repentance. The heritage of Jacob—the descendants of Abraham, the patriarchs, and prophets—bear witness to Christ, leading them forth from the depths of hell.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.