The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 115 (113):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold, the works of the hands of men.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

עֲ‍ֽ֭צַבֵּיהֶם כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

In the one hundred and fifth Psalm, the prophet illustrates the folly of idol worship by stating: ‘and sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons’ (Psalms 105:37). He highlights the insensitivity of those who cling to lifeless objects, mocking the various parts of these idols at great length. He further declares: ‘Let those who make them and all who hope in them be like them.’ While reflecting God’s likeness is virtuous, in this context, it serves as a curse. Consider, then, the nature of the pagan deities when mimicking them results in such a clear curse. The prophet skillfully dismantles their foolishness, depicting them as absurd. Indeed, is it not absurd to hold devotion to a statue that symbolizes utter immorality? Who would wish to behold an exposed figure?

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Yet, the demon dwells in the naked idol. These statues embody either lewdness or uncontrollable lust for men. What does the eagle signify in their depictions? What of Ganymede? What about Apollo pursuing a maiden? What do the other vile images represent? There is indulgence everywhere, debauchery at every turn, and representations of forbidden relationships and violent desires. Furthermore, their idols, celebrations, sacred gatherings, and rituals are not just manifestations but also monuments and teachings of immorality, extending even to human bloodshed. In this manner, they venerate the demons. Their practices are defined by indulgence, excessive drunkenness, brutality, inhumanity, murder, and, as is evident, their festivals are entirely encompassed by these vices.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Jordan River, when crossed into the promised land, was halted from above as the feet of the priests bearing the ark touched its waters, allowing all the people to pass over while the priests stood on dry land. As noted in Joshua 3:15-17, we recognize this event, yet we must not consider that in this Psalm—responding with Hallelujah—the Holy Spirit intends for us merely to reflect on the past as if it were inconsequential. As the Apostle asserts, these events serve as examples for us, as mentioned in 1 Corinthians 10:11.

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When Israel departed from Egypt and Jacob's household left a foreign land, Judah became His sanctuary and Israel His dominion, as highlighted in Psalm 112:1-2. During this time, the sea fled, and the Jordan turned back (Psalm 112:3). We ought to understand that these accounts are not merely historical but are also prophetic; they connect past miracles with future significance. Some details vary from our readings, suggesting that the retelling is meant to reflect not just previous occurrences but also future fulfillments. Notably, while the scriptural account doesn't specify that the Jordan turned back, it illustrates how it was held back from its source as the people crossed. Furthermore, it does not mention hills jumping, which is an addition in the Psalm. The verses proclaim, "The sea saw it and fled; the Jordan turned back," and elaboration follows with metaphors of mountains and hills leaping like sheep (Psalm 113:4-5).

Let us contemplate what lessons we can learn from these texts; they are both prophetic and reflective of our identity. If we embrace the grace of God bestowed upon us, we are the true Israel, heirs of Abraham, as conveyed in the Apostle's declaration, “Therefore ye are Abraham's seed.” No Christian should feel detached from the name of Israel, as we are united with the faithful Jewish community, including the chief apostles. Our Lord speaks of these connections as well, noting, “And I have other sheep which are not of this fold; and these I must bring in, that there may be one flock, and one Shepherd” (John 10:16). Thus, the Christian community represents Israel, akin to the house of Jacob, while those who betrayed their heritage for earthly pleasures divided themselves from Jacob and aligned with Esau, fulfilling the saying that “The elder shall serve the younger.”

Egypt symbolizes suffering or oppression, representing this world from which we are called to spiritually depart, in order to avoid being yoked with unbelievers (2 Corinthians 6:14). Each one can become a true citizen of the heavenly Jerusalem by first renouncing worldly ties, just as Israel could not enter the promised land without leaving Egypt. They could not escape without Divine assistance, as no person can withdraw from worldly entanglement without the grace of God. The historical accounts serve as types fulfilled in the daily experiences of the faithful amid this present age, which Blessed John terms as the last times (1 John 2:18).

The Apostle, a guide to the Gentiles, cautioned his brethren, saying, “I do not wish, brethren, to leave you in ignorance, that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea; and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank of that spiritual rock which followed them, and that rock was Christ. But many of them were displeased with God because they were cast out in the wilderness” (1 Corinthians 10:1-6). What more could we desire? The Apostle clarifies that these historical acts were not mundane occurrences but divine foreshadowings of our salvation. What was once prophetic is now revealed in our deliverance; the future is foretold, the past is recounted, and the present is experienced.

Consider the profound revelation that the ancient scriptures, though veiled, can illuminate future truths. The prophet Micah states, “In the days of your going out of Egypt, I will show him wonders.” Therefore, while the Psalmist proclaims past events, his prophetic vision extends toward future revelations. When he asserts that Judah was His sanctuary and that the seas fled, he uses past tense to describe events that also signify forthcoming truths. Despite the time elapsed since the Israelites’ departure from Egypt and the establishment of the Church, the prophecy of wonders to come remains unequivocal.

“Since He does not withhold His wrath forever, because He is good and merciful,” in His mercy He will again turn to us, drowning our iniquities in the depths of the sea.

To my beloved brethren, remember that if you are true Israelites by descent from Abraham, members of the house of Jacob, inheritors of the promise, you too have escaped from Egypt by renouncing the world. You have left behind sinful nations through your commitment to godliness, separating from the blasphemies of the Gentiles. It is not your spoken words that sing Hallelujah, but hearts transformed by His grace. For Judah has become His sanctuary within you; true sonship consists not in mere outward appearance, but in inward transformation through the circumcision of the heart, as stated in Romans 2:28-29. So examine your hearts; consider whether faith has purified them. In you, Judah has become His holy place, and He has granted you the power to be called sons of God (John 1:12).

Yet do not seek to turn away like the Jordan, nor let your heart foreshadow ill will. The Lord admonishes those who turn away from Him (Jeremiah 2:27). Those who turn their backs on their Creator—like a river returning to the sea—fall into the bitterness of this world. It is best for such a person to repent, turning back so that God may again be before them. In this way, the worldly sea they once faced will be behind them as they strive toward what lies ahead, as urged by Philippians 3:13.

Tremble, O earth, in the presence of the Lord, in the presence of the God of Jacob (Psalm 113:7). What does it mean to be in His presence but to acknowledge Him who promised, “Behold, I am with you always, even to the end of the world” (Matthew 28:30)? The earth trembles not only from His power but also in response to the slothfulness of mankind, designed to strengthen us in His holy presence.

He transforms solid rock into flowing waters and flint into springs (Psalm 113:8). He softens His hardness, giving refreshment to those who believe in Him, becoming a wellspring of life eternal (John 4:14). In times of His recognition, He may appear challenging, causing some to stumble (John 6:60); yet it is in Him that hardness flows into life-giving waters. This transformation was made evident at His resurrection, as He explained to His followers how Christ was to suffer. As Scripture was revealed, He invited all who thirst to come and drink (John 7:37).

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The false deities of the tongue are crafted from silver and gold, created by human hands. Some classifications view this as the beginning of the one hundred and fourteenth psalm, but we adhere to the Hebrew enumeration, recognizing it as part of the one hundred and thirteenth Psalm. The Psalmist addresses the young men, urging them, "Praise the children of the Lord," indicating the new community of believers, and instructs them on the appropriate Lord to exalt—the One who performed countless miracles for His people during their exodus from Egypt. Simultaneously, they are reminded of their former deities, for these idols lack resemblance not only to the miracle-working God but also to the most basic of living beings endowed with sensation.

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These beings are the creations of God, while idols are mere products of human craftsmanship. The Psalmist advises them to declare, “let them be like them,” which does not denigrate humanity but rather illustrates the futility of idolatry. Those who are so devoted to their idols that they become insensible do not differ in essence from the idols they serve. Such spiritual damage is inflicted upon them by the demonic forces embodied in these idols. "Like them let those who do me be." Thus, both the possessions shall perish, and the individuals who amass them will also fade away.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The deities that the Gentiles honor are not natural creations but are crafted according to their material worth. These idols are fashioned from gold, silver, and various hues, deriving their allure from artistry. They are designed by craftsmen such as silversmiths, goldsmiths, and artists; thus, their formation is a blend of both material and artistic skill.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

In these verses, David denounces idols and false deities typical of pagan worship, and as Chrysostom suggests, he elaborates on their various physical forms to enhance this critique. Initially, he addresses the mere physical attributes of these idols—such as their mouths, eyes, ears, noses, hands, and feet—before stating that these features lack any functionality, rendering them lifeless entities. One might wonder why David does not mention that the mouths of idols do not consume food, just as he asserts that their eyes do not see and their ears do not hear. My interpretation is that while we commonly describe God as seeing, hearing, smelling, walking, and speaking, we refrain from asserting that He eats—likely due to its crude implications.

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Therefore, David opts to say that idols cannot speak rather than stating they do not eat, emphasizing this aspect before and after through discussions of speech and voice. The ability to articulate is among the most evident indicators of sentience; thus, the absence of speech in idols underscores their soullessness and lack of reason. Theodoret adds that while you may choose to honor these idols, they themselves do not create anything; rather, they are creations made from gold or silver and take on their beauty from the skillful craftsmanship of artists. Since demons work through these idols, offering false prophecies not via the lifeless idols, but through rational beings, it is fitting to claim that they cannot produce sound. Ultimately, all idols are devoid of soul.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Regarding the previously mentioned statement, “Let not the Gentiles say, Where is their God?” the prophet presents a striking contrast between the living God and false idols, emphasizing that we must not provide the nations with reasons to speak against Him. Should they inquire, “Where is their God?” our response will affirm that our God resides in heaven, and His existence is demonstrated through the mighty works He has accomplished according to His divine purpose. In contrast, their deities are earthly and are powerless; they cannot even move, despite appearing to possess limbs. They lack the ability to see, hear, smell, touch, walk, or speak, and their silence is more profound than that of any human voice.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

A profound hymn of worship to God, where the reigning prophet recounts the wondrous deeds of Almighty God in guiding the Israelites from Egypt to the Promised Land, imploring Him to reveal His divine radiance to those shrouded in the shadows of idolatry. This is so that humanity may sincerely honor the one true God and Creator, liberated from the bondage of sinful Egypt to serve Christ the Lord, offering perpetual praise to Him as the authentic God. Judea symbolizes confession, while Israel embodies the mind that perceives God. All who affirm Christ as the genuine God and place their faith in Him emerge from the works of sinful Egypt into the grace of Christ, coming from the lineage of Judah.

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The sea and the Jordan represent the people who witnessed Christ's grace, turning away from wickedness to embrace the sanctified faith, eager to be baptized. Even nature responded, yielding and parting ways in recognition of the Leader, ensuring the Jews understood the omnipotence of God extends everywhere. Mountains act as prophets, and hills as apostles, rejoicing in Christ the Lord, who desires to redeem humanity. The sea fled before God's power, parted by the transient Israelites, while the Jordan returned when the covenant of the Lord was entrusted to them. This foretells the Lord's baptism, as Christ bestows the sacrament of baptism in the Jordan, a river formed by the merging of two springs, Porus and Dan, which flow not into the sea of the living but into the Dead Sea. The Jordan symbolizes our mortal existence. Mountains signify angels, and hills represent God's beloved, filled with joy over Christ, the Savior of the world. Humanity, the earth, is moved by the good news of the Gospel from sin to repentance. The goodness of Jacob—descendants of Abraham, along with the patriarchs and prophets—proclaims Christ, who leads them from the depths of the underworld.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.