The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 40 (39):9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

That I should do thy will: O my God, I have desired it, and thy law in the midst of my heart.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת־רְצוֹנְךָ֣ אֱלֹהַ֣י חָפָ֑צְתִּי וְ֝ת֥וֹרָתְךָ֗ בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 8 commentaries

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

I will arrive, assuming the form of the body that You have fashioned for me, as the Holy Spirit and the might of the Highest have enveloped the blessed Virgin. My purpose is to fulfill Your will. But what was the will of the Father if not the will of the Lord Himself, as He declared, ‘This ... is the will of Him who sent Me, that all that He has given Me I should not lose, but raise it up at the last day’ (John 6:39)? Moreover, what is referred to as 'the book of books' is understood in this manner: the Jews denote a scroll as a ‘book of books’. Thus, when Isaiah received the revelation regarding the mystery of the Incarnation of the Only Begotten, he was instructed: ‘Take unto you a new scroll.... and write in it with the pen of a scribe’ (Isaiah 8:1).

Read more (69 words)

Furthermore, the ordinances of the New Covenant are inscribed not on stone, but on hearts of flesh, as the Lord proclaims through the prophet Jeremiah: ‘I will put My laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts’ (Jeremiah 31:33). This illustrates that the Church will embrace the New Law within the deepest recesses and thoughts of the heart, and will ‘greatly delight in its commandments’ (Psalm 111:1).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Let it be understood by the Jews that it was not their actions that overcame me, but rather our shared intention that I should endure suffering. I embraced this suffering willingly, expressing as a human, 'My God, I desire to fulfill Your will.' In my anguish, both my purpose and Your purpose were realized. It was not their deceit or strength that brought this about, but rather our mutual desire for my suffering. For You have struck down Your Shepherd, and the flock was dispersed. As it is foretold in Zechariah, "I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered" (Mark 14:27; cf. Zechariah 13:7). Thus, it was indeed our will that I should face suffering. What You wished for, I wished for as well.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Harmony of desires Since there is but one will, one essence, and the unified majesty and authority of the Trinity. However, a different matter involves the voice of the flesh, which aligns with the divine will. Christ willingly embraced death on the cross to crucify the flesh; He contended for my salvation so that He could redeem me. Though the flesh of Christ possesses strength and is free from sin, it bore our transgressions and embraced weakness, all while being inherently without a predisposition to suffering. He, pure and holy, assumed this flesh to render it pure; eternal, that it might attain immortality.

This addition derives from the following scripture: I have desired to do Thy will, O my God (Psalm 39:9). This indicates that the Son shares in one divine nature and one will with the Father, and thus possesses a singular essence reflective of the distinct majesty and power of the Holy Trinity. Yet, there is also an earthly voice that aligns with divine intention: Not as I will, but as Thou wilt (Matt. 26:39). Further, it is written: If the cup cannot pass from Me, except I drink it, Thy will be done (Matt. 26:42). It is a common dread among all to face the death that Christ bore on the cross, just as He crucified the flesh. He battled for my sake to secure my salvation.

Read more (1391 words)

Although Christ's human form was strong and untouched by sin, He nonetheless embraced sin and took on our weaknesses despite being free from suffering. Let us heed these prophetic words: Surely He has borne our griefs... He will faithfully bring forth justice (Isaiah 53:4; 42:3). He adopted this very flesh, as the Apostle teaches: This corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality (1 Cor. 15:53). Conceived by the Virgin through the Holy Spirit, He is the Son of Man, for the Virgin belongs to humanity, and what is born of the flesh is flesh (John 3:6); thus, the offspring of man is indeed man, serving as the sole mediator between God and humanity, the man Christ Jesus (1 Tim. 2:5). He, being imperishable, took on flesh to render it imperishable. He, being immortal, took on flesh to grant it immortality. Whoever follows Him will be clothed in immortality, and whoever obeys His will shall not face eternal death (John 11:26), for Christ will declare, ‘Verily I say unto you, Today you shall be with Me in paradise’ (Luke 23:43). What does ‘today’ signify? It indicates, ‘You have emerged from the darkness; together, you will dwell in the light! Those who have been embraced by the eternal Light should not fear the shadows.’ He beautifully affirms, You shall be with Me in Paradise, signifying: you have nothing to fear in the flesh, for you have seen Me in the flesh. ‘Do not fear being cast out of paradise as Adam was! Know that you will be with Me; in My presence, you cannot falter.’ The flesh in paradise had previously fallen prior to its acceptance by Christ. You will be where He who embraced you is present. He speaks true when He asserts, Where I am, there they shall be with Me (John 17:24). The Good Shepherd will not abandon His fold, and fear not the wolves in paradise. It was proclaimed, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven (Luke 10:18). Thus, the adversary has been vanquished even before final judgment; he is bound in everlasting chains, freeing you from further deception. Adam fell due to the serpent’s deceit and the enticement of his wife. Therefore, there is no marriage in paradise, for all will exist without the unions of marriage, akin to angels in heaven (Matt. 22:30). God did not promise Adam, ‘You shall be with Me,’ as He foreknew Adam would succumb and require redemption through Christ. A blessed fall, now restored for the better, emerges because the Good Shepherd and the faithful Merchant do not abandon their flock and their treasures. The battle with the serpent will continue in Paradise until he is cast down, yet those who are united with Christ need not fear! Adam was separate from Christ when he was beguiled; had he been with Christ, he would have remained steadfast in faith and not fallen. Adam’s failure stemmed from his refusal to abide in Christ’s Word. Recognize who perseveres in Christ: If you abide in Me and My words abide in you, whatever you desire will be granted to you (John 15:7). Furthermore: If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My love (John 15:10). Do you wish to comprehend why Adam is not united with Christ? The Lord called out to him, Adam, where are you? (Gen. 3:9) — seeking him as if he were absent. He would not have asked, Where are you? had He counted Adam as remaining in Him. We learn who caused Adam’s concealment: They hid themselves from the presence of the Lord (Gen. 3:8). Christ observes all: whoever tries to hide remains hidden; the uncomprehending are lost in misunderstanding (1 Cor. 14:38); the Lord recognizes His own (2 Tim. 2:19). The Lord desires all He has created to belong to Him. Oh man, if only you would not flee and conceal yourself from Christ! He actively seeks out those who have strayed, wishing not for their destruction, but calling, ‘Adam, where are you? I placed you in the light, yet you pursue darkness.’ In paradise, where morning is perpetual, evening falls because all sin casts a shadow, as the Scripture notes: They heard the voice of the Lord God walking in paradise in the evening (Gen. 3:8). Grasp this mystery: you sinned in the morning but were freed by evening. Can evening exist where Christ reigns? Though He resides above the heavens, He is present within His saints. Can evening exist where God dwells? For God is light (1 John 1:5). A brilliant light illuminated Saul's path when Christ encountered him, and this divine radiance blinded the persecutor. Why was Saul blinded? Because he failed to recognize Christ! Had he identified the Lord of Light, his sight would not have dimmed. Upon realizing the truth, he accepted Him. His unawareness is evidenced in his inquiry when he heard the voice, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute Me?’ Saul responded, Who are You, Lord? (Acts 9:4-5). He would not have asked had he known the Lord! The Lord addressed him as one unknowing, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting; it is hard for you to kick against the pricks’ (Acts 9:5). Saul exclaimed, ‘Lord, what shall I do?’ Consider how fitting the teaching is for both. The healer may impose treatment, compelling change for recovery. The afflicted seek the healer, discerning whether He is capable and worthy of curing them. When Saul recognized the Creator of healing, he sought the remedy and discovered salvation. Saul not only emerged from his blindness but also attained a light he had not previously known; he saw Christ for the first time. Let us reflect further, echoing the significant declaration: Behold, I come... I have desired to do Thy will, O my God, and Thy LAW IS IN MY HEART. I HAVE DECLARED THY RIGHTEOUSNESS IN THE GREAT ASSEMBLY. Behold, I will NOT HIDE my lips. Thou, O LORD, knowest. My truth I have not concealed in my heart (Psalm 39:8-11). From this text, it is evident: Behold, I go to fulfill not only Your will but also to write Your law in My heart. Certain manuscripts contain the phrase in My womb because it is the intellect's womb that nurtures the seeds of understanding. Isaiah spoke to this: We have received and birthed the spirit of salvation (Isa. 26:18). Paul, too, draws from this womb: My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in you (Gal. 4:19). Thus, Christ is conceived not only in the body but within the soul! From this womb, the apostle brought forth life, as it is written: I have begotten you through the gospel (1 Cor. 4:15). This explains why some manuscripts read in the heart and others in the womb, illustrating that we are discussing the womb of the inner person which resides in the heart. Within it, we uphold the precepts of natural law. These precepts are not merely retained but birthed anew in our hearts. Therefore, it is declared that not merely the hearers of the law are justified before God, but those who act upon the law will also be vindicated (Rom. 2:13). There are those who naturally fulfill the law, such as the Gentiles, who, without knowing the law, adhere to it intuitively. Thus, the psalm illustrates that as the gatherer of the Gentile nations, Christ took on our humanity, asserting that He fulfills the law in His heart. For the Gentile nations, unaware of the law, still recognized Christ, whom the Jewish people, recipients of the law, failed to acknowledge, thinking they need not understand, as it is written, The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master's crib, but Israel does not know Me (Isaiah 1:3). This represents the womb of believers, in which the Holy Spirit operates, sowing spiritual seeds, as the Lord Jesus proclaims in the Gospel: Whoever believes in Me, from his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water, as the Scripture asserts (John 7:38). From this river, streams flow that rejoice the city of God (Psalm 46:4). From those streams arise spiritual waters, aptly described: The floods have lifted up, O Lord, the floods lift up their voices from the noise of many waters (Psalm 93:3), extolling God above the heavens.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

When I approach You, declares the prophet, I strive to keep Your commandments and align my life with Your purpose. The phrase "in the midst of my belly" is understood metaphorically, referring to an individual who has affection for another and desires to envelop their beloved within themselves. However, this does not pertain to Jeremiah, Daniel, or the esteemed David; for during their time, the law was established, and offerings and sacrifices were presented to God. Yet the prophetic message, rejecting these practices, emphasized a verbal offering instead.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

As the aspects of my Incarnation have been anticipated and proclaimed by the prophets, I have thus chosen to fulfill Your will, O my Father. The Father’s purpose involves the sacrifice of His Son in the flesh for the redemption of humanity. Christ later articulated: For I came down from heaven not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me (John 6:38). The phrase “Thy law in the midst of my belly” reflects a profound meaning—it signifies the depths of my heart and soul, expressing a total commitment. The common verb here indicates a desire to accomplish, so the complete thought conveys: I aimed to fulfill Your commandments as You entrusted them to me.

Read more (93 words)

This is echoed in His later proclamation: He (the Father) gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak (John 12:49). Some interpret "in the midst of my womb" in this way: Christ, holding the Father's will within Himself, revealed it to His devoted disciples, disclosing the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven. It is beneficial for us to purify our hearts and minds to receive the law of the Lord within us. The depth of the soul serves as a vessel for spiritual nourishment, which is the intellect.

John of Tobolsk

17th centuryChurch Father

Various institutions possess distinct forms of authority, such as a simple dwelling filled with children, a school with its gathered students, a household with family and servants, a monastery overseeing its members, or a military camp composed of various regiments and units. However, in all these settings, the fundamental principle for achieving the well-being and success of each institution remains the same: it lies in the obedience of those subordinate to their leaders, teachers, and elders. This obedience unites the diverse wills of the individuals into a cohesive and harmonious force, manifesting in the power that orchestrates their collective actions.

Read more (340 words)

A military leader will struggle to govern effectively if he lacks the ability to maintain his subordinates in a resolute obedience to lawful commands. In contrast, there is success and purpose within other institutions when a figure such as the house master, the monastic guide, the educator, or the commanding officer wisely leads those in their charge through their guidance, example, and sometimes a mere gesture, toward a beneficial outcome. Just as a soldier must yield obedience to his superior, faithfully following his lead and being prepared to act on his directives, so must every true Christian submit to God's guidance throughout their lives. We are called to heed God's desires for us, to fulfill His commands, and to follow His sacred will without hesitation.

Let us, as Christians, respond wholeheartedly to God's calling: ‘Behold I go, O Lord, as it is written in the scroll of the book (the holy Scripture) that it is appointed unto me (we are talking about Christ the Saviour). I want to do Your will, O My God, and Your law is in my heart’ (Psalm 39:8-9)—within my memory, mind, and will. Each of us should emulate our Saviour by affirming that God's will surpasses all commands, and that executing His will represents the highest good for us. Saul, upon encountering a divine light and falling to the ground, heard the voice asking, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?’ His immediate response was to inquire, ‘Lord, what commandest thou me to do?’ (Acts 9:2-6). May we repeat this question daily whenever we face uncertainty about our actions: ‘Lord, what will you command me to do? What is your will for this, all-good Jesus? Reveal it to me through any sign I may comprehend, whether by comforting words, advice, or another revelation. I will gladly follow Your divine guidance that You inspire within me.’

We can seek to understand God’s will in every situation by following certain guidelines or provisions through which His intentions are revealed; let us refer to these as the commandments.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In this passage, David conveys that he was not a faithful servant until God opened his ears; however, when he was enlightened by the Holy Spirit, he became fully prepared for obedience. It is crucial to highlight his statements: "I am coming" and "I am willing to do Thy will," which express both a vigorous eagerness for compliance and a sincere disposition to maintain it consistently. It is as if he is declaring that he gladly chooses the duty of serving God over all other concerns and desires, and that his obedience is not only voluntary but is also rooted in a resolute commitment of the spirit to uphold a righteous life. In reiterating this point, he declares, "Thy law is in the midst of my belly," meaning it is deeply embedded in his innermost being.

Read more (268 words)

Consequently, it follows that no matter how radiant human actions may appear, if they do not stem from the living essence of the heart, they amount to nothing more than an illusion, a mere shadow, or a façade. It is in vain for one's body to be inclined to observe the law when true obedience does not originate from the heart.

The subsequent phrase, "In the book of books, or as the Hebrew text states, in the scroll of books it is written of me," warrants exploration regarding how the Prophet particularly relates a universal truth to himself. Although the law generally addresses all individuals and outlines the guidelines for holy living, these words do not seem exclusive to one person or a select few. In response, we can say that while the literal teaching of the law applies to everyone, it remains lifeless in itself, or, as the Apostle notes, it is but a mere sound. This is why God instructs His faithful servants in a distinct manner—through the internal illumination of the Holy Spirit. Since this inner guidance is a unique blessing reserved for them, it is thus inscribed in the divine scroll about those who fulfill God's will. Though God's voice echoes across all creation, rendering the disobedient without excuse, it only reaches the hearts of the righteous, for whom it is sent for their salvation. Just as a leader records the names of his soldiers to keep track of them, or as a teacher lists his outstanding students, so too does God have the names of His children documented in the book of life.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.