The Church Fathers on this verse
THEOSIS
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Psalm 46 (45):2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Our God is our refuge and strength: a helper in troubles, which have found us exceedingly.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אֱלֹהִ֣ים לָ֭נוּ מַחֲסֶ֣ה וָעֹ֑ז עֶזְרָ֥ה בְ֝צָר֗וֹת נִמְצָ֥א מְאֹֽד׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

10 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 13 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The prophet, exercising his characteristic discernment, redirects the listener from mundane concerns to a loftier sense of hope. He admonishes, do not rely on weapons, fortifications, wealth, martial skills, numerous steeds, archery, armor, throngs of allies, bands of soldiers, physical prowess, or the expertise of combatants; all these are far weaker than mere cobwebs and illusions. If you seek true, invincible strength, an unchanging sanctuary, and an unconquerable stronghold, turn to God and His might. Indeed, it is well stated, 'God is our refuge and strength,' highlighting that there are times we achieve victory by retreating and at other times by standing firm. Both approaches are essential—there are occasions to advance and others to evade.

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Paul exemplified this, sometimes avoiding confrontation and at other times boldly confronting those who challenged the truth. Christ also modeled this and instructed us similarly. We, too, must remain vigilant to our circumstances and pray for strength to resist temptation as urged in the Gospel. When faced with challenges, we should not shrink back but rather stand firm with courage. He is 'a helper in the severe trials we encounter.' As I have expressed previously, I reiterate that God does not shield us from trials. However, when they come, He supports us, providing us with growth and understanding. The term 'Zeal' is indeed linked to the notion of 'Helper.' God does not simply assist us in a limited way; through His abundant help, He offers us profound comfort during our difficulties. His assistance exceeds mere necessity due to the trials we face; it is much more plentiful.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The sanctuary of strength exists in contrast to a place devoid of power, where those who seek solace encounter doubt instead of tranquility. Our place of refuge differs significantly; it embodies strength. When we seek shelter there, we receive confidence.

God as a sanctuary Many are the afflictions that people face, yet in every moment of distress, one must turn to the Lord, whether for issues concerning family, health, or in times when loved ones are in peril, or even when one's basic needs for sustenance are lacking. Regardless of the situation, a believer has no other shelter than the Savior, their God, and when seeking Him, they should be courageous. For on their own, they cannot summon true courage nor serve as their own stronghold; rather, their strength and refuge is found in the One who provides safety and support.

There exist places that offer no true strength, and when one seeks assistance, one finds oneself weakened rather than empowered. For instance, you might turn to a person of greater influence in this world, hoping to cultivate a formidable alliance; this might appear to you as a sanctuary. However, the fragility of worldly power is immense, and the downfall of the mighty often increases each day, leading you to feel even more uneasy when you arrive at such a refuge. Our sanctuary, in contrast, is not like this; it embodies strength. When we take refuge there, we are fortified. God serves as a constant ally amid the overwhelming sorrows that assail us.

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Afflictions are numerous, and in every trial we face—whether concerning our possessions, our health, the safety of loved ones, or other essential aspects of our existence—there should be no refuge for the believer apart from the Savior, our God. When one seeks refuge in Him, true strength is acquired. It is not strength derived from oneself or for oneself, but strength granted by the One who is our sanctuary.

Among all the sufferings that afflict the human spirit, none is more profound than the awareness of sin. If there is no wound in this area, and if one's conscience is healthy, then no matter what other sorrow may arise, it is to God that one will ultimately turn to find relief. Consider, dear friends, how when trees are pruned and inspected by carpenters, they may outwardly show signs of damage and decay. Yet the skilled carpenter examines the inner integrity of the wood, and if he finds it sound within, he assures that it will serve well in construction, showing little concern for its scuffed exterior. Similarly, a person possesses nothing more profound than his own conscience. What benefit is there if the outer self is well, but the core of one’s conscience is corrupt? These inner pains are deeply felt; as indicated in the Psalms, they can be overwhelming. Yet even in such distress, the Lord becomes our assistor, providing forgiveness for sins.

The wicked man’s conscience loathes nothing more than indulgence. If someone claims to be weighed down by immense sorrow, burdened by his debts, and perceiving the tightness of his situation, he may feel despair as he grapples with his inability to repay his obligations. As the relentless oppressors loom over him, he might declare his anguish, feeling that he can only draw breath in the faint hope of mercy, particularly in earthly matters. This person, overwhelmed with guilt from numerous sins, is left to wonder how he might settle the debts of his guilty conscience. When he does come to reckon that cost, he fears destruction. To discharge this debt is to invite punishment. Thus, all that remains is that through God’s mercy we might find safety, and having received that mercy, we avoid returning to our previous obligations.

Basil the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Every individual requires significant assistance, as inherent weaknesses lead to numerous lamentable and challenging situations. Consequently, seeking solace from adversities is akin to retreating to a secure location or finding sanctuary atop a steep mountain encircled by a robust wall; individuals turn to God, acknowledging that true comfort is found only in His presence. While many recognize God as their refuge, the adversary ensnares individuals in various misconceptions and challenges when selecting a savior. He ensnares them like a lurking foe, and those ensnared may be led astray by the idea of seeking Him as their protector, resulting in a twofold plight: either being forcibly captured or led to ruin through deception.

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As a result, nonbelievers turn to demons and idols, losing the comprehension of the true God due to the confusing ideas instilled in them by the enemy. Even those who are aware of God may stumble in their discernment, acting foolishly as they contemplate what is beneficial, mistakenly perceiving one choice as good when it may not serve their true well-being, and avoiding another that could provide them with significant advantage.

For instance, when someone falls ill, they pray fervently for healing to evade the burdensome trials of their condition. When they suffer financial loss, they grieve. However, illness can often serve a constructive purpose by enlightening the wayward, while health can, at times, lead to sinfulness. Monetary wealth can become a tool of indulgence, whereas poverty may cultivate wisdom in those with misguided ambitions. Therefore, be cautious not to shun what should not be avoided, and do not turn to those you should eschew. Instead, let your singular aversion be sin, and your one source of refuge in times of trouble be God. Do not place your trust in rulers, do not elevate yourself with treacherous wealth, do not take pride in physical strength, and do not pursue the fleeting allure of human glory. None of these offers salvation; they are all temporary, all deceptive; your only refuge is in God. "Cursed is the man that trusteth in man" (Jer. 17:5), or in any human endeavor. Thus, "God is our refuge and strength." For those able to declare, "I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me" (Phil. 4:13), God becomes their "strength." While many profess that "God is our refuge" and "O Lord, thou hast been our refuge" (Ps. 89:2), few embody the same spirit as the Prophet. Very few truly eschew human affairs and place their complete reliance on God, breathing Him in, resting their hope and trust in Him.

Our actions themselves indict us; in times of trouble, we often seek assistance everywhere but from God. If a child is unwell, one may look for a so-called healer, a person who uses empty charms on innocents, or perhaps consult a physician for medication, all while neglecting the one who can truly save. When a troubling dream disturbs you, you may rush to a dream interpreter. If fear of an enemy arises, you may look for a mediator among the people. In every need, one finds oneself reproached, knowing full well that though you voice God as your refuge, your actions betray a reliance on that which is ultimately futile and vain. However, for the righteous individual, God is indeed the genuine helper. Just as a valiant commander, supported by brave soldiers, is always ready to assist the weary, so too does God - our aid and champion against the stratagems of the devil - send ministering spirits to those in need of salvation. The righteous inevitably encounter sorrow due to the path they have chosen. It is the one who diverges from the broad and easy road who will experience tribulation and hardship, for "in sorrows we are found by tribulation," as the Prophet poignantly expressed.

Just as animated creatures can be ensnared, tribulations instill patience within us, which then leads to spiritual refinement and ultimately to trust. Hence, the Apostle reminds us: "Through much tribulation we must enter into the kingdom of God" (Acts 14:22). Furthermore, it is declared: "many are the afflictions of the righteous" (Psalm 33:20). Yet, the one who steadfastly endures the trials of tribulation will proclaim, "In all these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us" (Rom. 8:37). Such a person not only embraces tribulations but transforms them into opportunities for boasting, asserting: "Not only so, but we glory in tribulations" (Rom. 5:3).

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

God is our sanctuary and source of power. This assertion stems from the afflictions inflicted upon them by their spiritual and fleshly adversaries. The Supporter in times of trouble Because you are our assistance, we scorn every insurrection that rises against us.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

God serves as our sanctuary and might (Psalm 46:2). What does "our" signify? It applies to those of us who believe in You. Likewise, in another passage, Lord, You have become our shelter (Psalm 89:1). These words are directed toward us, the believers, not towards those who doubt; to us who pursue the truth rather than evade it. Such expressions could only arise from someone who has anchored their hope for salvation in God's intercession alone. Therefore, You have become a haven for us; You are a refuge and strength for those of us coming from the nations. The Jews rejected You and did not embrace You, prompting You to reach out to the Gentiles, inviting us to find safety in You, our source of strength. Do you wish to understand what is proclaimed about us gathered from the nations?

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The cross of the Lord is a stumbling block to the Jews, foolishness to the Greeks... yet to us, it is the power and wisdom of God (1 Corinthians 1:23-24). Furthermore, it is written: "Of him you also are in Christ Jesus, who was made unto us wisdom from God" (1 Corinthians 1:30). Paul did not refer to the Jews or Gentiles in general, but to those who have turned to the Lord Jesus, recognizing Him as the author of their salvation. You have discovered safety in Christ—do not abandon your foundational belief; do not forsake your assurance, for He who has received you will protect you. May the diligent Merchant identify His own as the treasures of our souls. He is a Helper in the sorrows that have overwhelmed us (Psalm 46:2). These words resonate profoundly with the distress that burdens us, and it can also be interpreted that the Helper assists us abundantly. The more severe the trial, the greater our need for robust support. It often occurs that we are crowned amidst the toughest challenges, as through our continuous tears, lamentations, and petitions, we discover the aid of the eternal Godhead.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The prior psalm anticipated the Church, formed from the unrighteous Gentiles, and elevated to queenship, indicating that her offspring would be rulers over all nations. In contrast, the Prophet illustrates the tumult that arose at the onset of the proclamation of the Gospel, highlighting the opposition faced by the messengers and the assaults on the faithful. He subsequently hints at how the beleaguered congregation, steadfast in their faith in God, will remain unshaken by the adversities they encounter; for with God as our fortress, the Prophet assures us, we shall withstand affliction, regardless of its nature.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

God is our sanctuary and source of strength. It is said that Christ, in whom we, the apostles and martyrs, place our faith, serves as our safe haven when we turn to Him; and He is our source of fortitude when we confront the harsh rulers and foes of our faith. As long as temptations have not yet come upon us, He advises us to steer clear of them; however, once we are confronted with such trials, we are to stand firm and endure, so that we are not overcome. As St. Basil the Great observes, all acknowledge God as a refuge. Yet, the enemy has fostered significant delusion and confusion regarding whom we should turn to for help. The enemy, through his cunning, deceives those ensnared by his traps, leading them to seek him as their protector.

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Even those who recognize God, when misled, foolishly send up prayers for what is seemingly beneficial; they ask repeatedly for things that do not truly serve their best interests, while at the same time shunning what may ultimately bring them true benefits. They seek health and wealth, wishing for the absence of adversity, even though illness can often bring correction to the sinner, whereas good health may lead one into greater sin. Similarly, material wealth can encourage excess, while poverty may frequently foster self-control and chastity. Thus, despite many proclaiming that 'God is our refuge,' very few genuinely echo the profound trust of the prophet; not many wholly rely on God alone in times of trouble, instead turning to human sources for relief. Our actions reveal this false understanding of God as our refuge; when difficulties arise, we are often quick to seek assistance in earthly matters rather than turning to God. For instance, if a child falls ill, one may consult a practitioner of charms or resort to superficial remedies rather than seeking divine healing. When facing fear from enemies, one might ponder finding protection among people. In essence, throughout every challenge, it is clear that while we may vocally affirm God as our refuge, in reality, we seek help in futile pursuits. Christ, the true Helper amid adversities, as St. John Chrysostom indicates, provides immense support; He is a powerful and steadfast Helper in the trials we endure. It is important to recognize, dear reader, that tribulations and temptations only befall those Christians who live according to God's will. These faithful followers encounter hardships as permitted by God, which serves to refine their character; for as Paul articulates, affliction brings about perseverance, and perseverance produces character (Romans 5:3-4). God does not shield us from temptations for the purpose of testing humanity, but when they do arise, He stands ready to assist those who are tempted. As Chrysostom explains, He ensures we are not overcome. It is essential to attribute this strength to the Helper; for God's support is far greater than our afflictions dictate, providing us with comfort that exceeds the pain we experience. St. Basil notes that sorrow naturally befalls every righteous person in their earthly endeavors, as those who stray from the broad path to pursue a narrow and troubled road are frequently subjected to trials.

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

A father looks after his offspring, nurturing and guiding them. Similarly, God watches over Christians, nurturing and teaching them through His Word and life-giving Sacraments. Just as a father shields his children from the accusations of wicked individuals, Christians are also safeguarded by their heavenly Father from the adversary and his malevolent agents. “Father, ...deliver us from the evil one” (Matthew 6:13). They boldly proclaim: “God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble” (Psalm 46:1).

In the world, we observe that warriors protect themselves from their adversaries' arrows. Beloved Christians, our existence resembles a continual struggle against numerous foes. We face the devil along with his wicked spirits; we contend with our own flesh, driven by desires and lusts; we confront a malevolent world; we have to resist false brethren, as well as hidden and visible adversaries. This conflict is relentless and daunting. What armor can we employ to guard against the assaults of our foes on that fearsome day? The sacred Scriptures guide us towards faith and the name of the Lord, and the lives of the saints exemplify this truth. All true Christians turn to this divine protection in times of distress, finding refuge from the enemy's advances.

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“God is our refuge and strength, our Helper in the afflictions that befall us; therefore let us not fear, when the earth shall shake, and the mountains shall move to the midst of the seas” (Psalm 45:2-3). “In You our fathers trusted; they trusted, and You delivered them; to You they cried, and were saved; in You they trusted, and were not left in shame” (Psalm 21:5-6). “O Lord. You are our refuge in generation and generation” (Psalm 89:2). This shield served as a fortified barrier for our ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as it is recorded, “He did not allow men to offend them, and rebuked kings for them” (1 Chron. 16:21). By this protection, Joseph was safeguarded, both in spirit and in body, untouched by the arrows of trials and tribulations aimed at him. Under this shield, Israel was protected during their exodus from Egypt, safe from their tormentor Pharaoh and the enemies they encountered along their journey, kept safe from many foes while residing in the promised land. “If the Lord had not been with us,” let Israel declare, “if the Lord had not been with us, when men rose up against us they would have swallowed us up alive; when their fury was kindled against us the waters would have drowned us” (Psalm 123:1-4). King David of Israel faced all his adversaries, proclaiming: “All the Gentiles have overcome me, and by the name of the Lord have opposed them; they have overcome me, and by the name of the Lord have opposed them; they have overcome me like the bees of the honeycomb, and have kindled like fire in thorns, and by the name of the Lord have opposed them” (Psalm 117:10-12). Prophets, apostles, saints, martyrs, dedicated servants, and all those who have delighted God throughout the ages have found shelter beneath this shield. They triumphed through various trials, tribulations, and sufferings. Modern faithful still seek refuge in this reliable and invulnerable shield, defending themselves against enemy onslaughts, boldly voicing their songs of praise: “God is our refuge and strength, our helper in tribulation etc. The Lord of strength is with us, our Advocate, the God of Jacob” (Psalm 45:2, 8). “If God be for us, who is against us? He who spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how with Him will He not also give us all things?” (Rom. 8:31-32). St. Paul, a devoted follower of Christ, boldly triumphed over all the forces of darkness and satanic power. Dear Christian, the devil and every malevolent spirit harbor relentless fury against humanity, especially the genuine believer. Like predators lurking in the night, they surround the faithful, attacking him through various means, striving to bring about his destruction, whether directly or through false Christians and other wicked individuals. Who could withstand their accusations and assaults, if it were not for the Lord's shielding grace and the safety offered by His benevolent protection? Truly, without Him, a person would be doomed in an instant. The words of St. David, recalling God’s protection over old Israel, resonate profoundly for today’s followers of Christ: “If the Lord had not been with us, let Israel say, if the Lord had not been with us, when men rose up against us, they would have swallowed us alive; when their fury was kindled against us, the waters would have drowned us.” Indeed, the living would have been devoured by our foes if God had not stood with us and sustained us. “Blessed be the Lord, who hath not given us as a prey to their teeth” (Psalm 123:6). Thus, we see how futile it is to place hope in anything other than God. Each man is a fleeting support, and every created thing offers a deceptive defense. Therefore, casting aside all else, we turn to this steadfast and unwavering shield. “It is better to trust in the Lord than to hope in man. It is better to trust in the Lord than to hope in princes” (Psalm 117:8-9). While some rely on cunning speech, others on wealth and possessions, some on their status and titles, and yet others on the intercession of rulers and influential individuals, such protections are ultimately deceptive and frail. Their hopes will prove futile. We will find our refuge in the name of the Lord, and we will not be put to shame. Consider this, Christian: the Lord alone and His name will shield you from all accusations of the enemy. “I will love Thee, O Lord, my fortress! The Lord is my confirmation and my refuge, my Deliverer, my God, my Helper and I trust in Him; my Defender, and the horn of my salvation, and my Advocate. By praise I will call upon the Lord, and from my enemies I will be saved” (Psalm 17:2-4). “Even if I walk in the midst of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me” (Psalm 22:4). “Thou art my refuge from the affliction that hath overtaken me. My joy, deliver me from those who surround me” (Psalm 31:7). “You are my Helper, to You I sing, for You are my Advocate, my God, my mercy” (Psalm 58:18). When a believer is enveloped in God's grace and under the protection of the Most High, even if all wickedness in the world, every evil spirit, and all hell itself conspire against him, and all forms of calamity circle around him, he will not falter nor be defeated. For God, in His mighty right hand, upholds, protects, and preserves him. Fear not, O devout and God-fearing soul. “He shall deliver thee from the net of the trapper, and from the rebellious word, and under His wings thou shalt be safe, His truth shall shield thee. Thou shalt not fear the terrors of the night, the arrow that flies by day, the calamity that befalls in the darkness, the sickness and the noonday demon. A thousand shall fall down beside thee, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but they shall not come near thee” (Psalm 90:3-7). This essence is conveyed throughout the entirety of the psalm.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

While the Prophet's aim is primarily to exalt the might and benevolence of God, which reaches out to all His children, it is evident that he specifically directs these words toward His chosen people. This serves to set them apart from the wicked and to highlight the privilege of being adopted, which God has bestowed uniquely upon the sons of Abraham. Thus, he clearly illustrates God's role for His devoted children, ensuring that everyone understands that He safeguards His church. He then offers the strong encouragement that the faithful need not feel anxious or afraid, for God is perpetually prepared to defend and shield them, equipped with unfaltering power.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

Ultimately, through Christ, humans are guided toward the fullness of a blessed existence. This psalm, composed by David, was entrusted to the sons of Korah, the musicians, to celebrate the hidden works of the Divine—namely, the Incarnation, Baptism, Passion, and Resurrection of Christ the Savior. These elements, which are prophetically expressed within this psalm, are to be proclaimed with great splendor.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.