The Church Fathers on this verse

Revelation 10:2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And he had in his hand a little book, open. And he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot upon the earth.

Douay-Rheims

και εχων ειχεν εν τη χειρι αυτου βιβλιον βιβλιδαριον ανεωγμενον και εθηκεν τον ποδα αυτου τον δεξιον επι της θαλασσης τον δε ευωνυμον επι της γης

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Victorinus of Poetovio

3rd centuryChurch Father

By the mighty angel John signifies our Lord. And as we interpreted above the words "His face was like the sun," this concerns the Resurrection.

The rainbow over His head is the final judgment, which has already taken place or will take place in the future. The little book opened is the Apocalypse that John received.

His feet, as we said above, are the apostles inflamed with faith. For the fact that both sea and earth are trampled by Him means that all things have been placed under His feet.

John calls Him an angel, that is, the messenger of the Almighty Father. For He is called the Messenger of great counsel (cf. Isa 9:6).

Andrew of Caesarea

6th centuryChurch Father

The little book, being small and written in very fine script, I think contains the names and deeds of those very wicked ones. They act as robbers or otherwise behave lawlessly on the earth and kill on the sea.

For their punishment, the angel set his feet both here and there.

Primasius of Hadrumetum

6th centuryChurch Father

He sees the Lord Christ descending from heaven, clothed with a cloud, that is, with the Church, or clothed with the cloud of flesh. Elsewhere this is called the new bride descending from heaven (cf. Rev 21:2).

Or, as Daniel says, "with the clouds of heaven there came one like a Son of Man" (Dan 7:13). The rainbow upon His head signifies the promise of the redemption of the righteous.

It also signifies those who, for their testimony to the Lord, will be counted worthy, like Abel and the others, to be adorned with martyrdom.

"And His face was like the sun." The Lord Jesus Christ was manifested through the glory of the Resurrection, concerning which we read, "He has set His dwelling in the sun" (Ps 18:5). That is, the Lord manifested Himself so that He can no longer be hidden.

Read more (321 words)

For the face of the angel signifies the manifestation of what has been accomplished. The prophet spoke of this: "Let Your face shine, and we shall be saved" (Ps 79:20).

His feet are the apostles, who were set aflame by the words of God and by the Holy Spirit, and were sent forth to preach. As it is said, "Did not our heart burn within us while He spoke to us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?" (Lk 24:32).

They are called pillars because of the firmness of the Church. Of this the prophet says, "I will establish its pillars" (Ps 74:4).

Again: "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good tidings, who proclaims peace" (Isa 52:7). And finally, in the Apostle: "James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars" (Gal 2:9).

If it was previously acknowledged that deep mysteries were hidden in the sealed book of the Old Testament, then, correspondingly, the revealed glory seems to have become manifest in the opened little book of the New Testament.

Therefore the Apostle says confidently, "But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, as from the Spirit of the Lord" (2 Cor 3:18).

For this reason, perhaps, it is said that "His face shone like the sun" (Mt 17:2; cf. Rev 1:16).

Further, the right foot upon the sea signifies those strong members of the Church who are able to endure persecutions. The left upon the earth signifies those who are not exposed to greater dangers.

For God does not allow us to be tempted beyond our strength, but with the temptation also provides the way of escape, so that we may be able to endure it (cf. 1 Cor 10:13). Nevertheless, it is clear that His cry resounds over earth and sea.

Borodin P.M.

19th centuryChurch Father

"And this Gospel of the Kingdom will be preached throughout the whole world, as a testimony to all nations; and then the end will come" (Mt 24:14).

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 24 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  2. ἔχων
    echōn
    I have
    G2192 · ἔχω
  3. ἐν
    en
    in
    G1722 · ἐν
  4. τῇ
    tē
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  5. χειρὶ
    cheiri
    a hand
    G5495 · χείρ
  6. αὐτοῦ
    autou
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  7. βιβλαρίδιον
    biblaridion
    a little papyrus roll
    G974 · βιβλαρίδιον
  8. ἠνεῳγμένον
    ēneōgmenon
    I open
    G455 · ἀνοίγω
  9. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  10. ἔθηκεν
    ethēken
    I put
    G5087 · τίθημι
  11. τὸν
    ton
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  12. πόδα
    poda
    the foot
    G4228 · πούς
  13. αὐτοῦ
    autou
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  14. τὸν
    ton
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  15. δεξιὸν
    dexion
    on the right hand
    G1188 · δεξιός
  16. ἐπὶ
    epi
    on
    G1909 · ἐπί
  17. τῆς
    tēs
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  18. θαλάσσης
    thalassēs
    the sea
    G2281 · θάλασσα
  19. τὸν
    ton
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  20. δὲ
    de
    but
    G1161 · δέ
  21. εὐώνυμον
    euōnymon
    on the left-hand side
    G2176 · εὐώνυμος
  22. ἐπὶ
    epi
    on
    G1909 · ἐπί
  23. τῆς
    tēs
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  24. γῆς
    gēs
    the earth
    G1093 · γῆ