THEOSISCyrill of Alexandria
They were carried away to a foreign land and found themselves among adversaries, enduring a severe form of oppression. However, it was essential to also acknowledge the moments of liberation; thus, he refers to them after discussing various other matters because the prophet had been given a comprehensive vision of all that would transpire for the people. Therefore, we suggest that the four chariots positioned amid the brass mountains symbolize the prominent kingdoms that once emerged in the four corners of the earth or represent the winds of heaven. The brass mountains can be understood as the two sections of the universe, as some categorize the entirety of the world into Europe and Asia.
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These regions are described as brass due to their solid and enduring nature, resistant to any wear; indeed, it is in this sense that the divine David praises the Creator of all, declaring, "Thou hast founded the earth, and it abides by thy work" (Psalm 118:90). Consequently, those who emerged, as it were, from the four winds of the powerful kingdom—who, as mentioned, achieved great renown—went forth "to stand before the Lord of all the earth." This standing signifies the nature of their service; they followed His directives and, through Him, gained strength and repute. Even when they undertook deeds and secured territories or cities, such might was only granted through His allowance. For if the prophet asserts, "Or shall there be evil in the city, which the Lord hath not wrought?" (Am. 3:6), where calamity is understood as hardship; how could they have triumphed over nations and lands if He had not providentially granted them victory?