The Church Fathers on this verse

Zephaniah 1:14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The great day of the Lord is near, it is near and exceeding swift: the voice of the day of the Lord is bitter, the mighty man shall there meet with tribulation.

Douay-Rheims

קָר֤וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל קָר֖וֹב וּמַהֵ֣ר מְאֹ֑ד ק֚וֹל י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבּֽוֹר׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Once more, He undermines the expectations of those who might be tempted to believe that the realization of the divine promises will be significantly postponed. However, He proclaims that retribution is imminent and that impending disaster is close behind. He refers to the day of the Lord as the moment when these events will occur, labeling it as swift, having arrived without protraction and made known in a brief period. He indicates that His voice is powerful and commanding, which suggests, in my view, the tumult of His adversaries.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

It is evident that following this captivity and similar trials, all their military might will be eradicated, their homes will be leveled, and their agricultural lands and vineyards will lie in ruins. The patience of God will no longer extend to them. However, they will claim to the prophets that the appointed time is far off, believing that the great day of the Lord will arrive after many days, and it will come swiftly. In a symbolic sense, when the day of judgment or the end of life comes for each individual, their strength will be weakened, transforming the forces of wickedness that rebelled against the Lord into something good.

Read more (539 words)

It is comparable to stripping a robber, a pirate, or a thief of their power, rendering them incapable, causing their once abusive limbs to cease their wrongdoing. Furthermore, the phrase “and their houses into the wilderness” indicates that numerous individuals within the Church who have constructed Zion upon bloodshed and Jerusalem upon wrongdoing will find benefit in the destruction of their homes.

We can look at Leviticus, which prescribes the obliteration of a house infested with leprosy (Leviticus 14:36-41); since leprosy is persistent and spreads, all contaminated materials must be removed and cast into an unclean location. A parallel can be drawn from the beginning of Jeremiah, where it states, “Behold, I have put my words in your mouth; behold, I have set you over nations and kingdoms, to root out and to pull down, to destroy and to throw down, to build and to plant” (Jer. 1:9-10). One demolishes a dilapidated structure to facilitate the construction of a sound one. A bad plant is uprooted to allow for a good plant to take its place. Hence, as Solomon notes, “It is better to dwell in the corner of a housetop than in a house shared with a contentious woman” (Proverbs 21:9). Thus, the Good God dismantles the homes of those immersed in their impurities, who harbor in their hearts the belief that “God will not do good, nor will He do evil,” and He prevents them from residing in the abodes of the lepers or partaking of the wine from the vineyards they have cultivated. Indeed, if they had truly planted the vineyard of Sorek—an authentic choice of a vineyard—they would have shared in its wine and celebrated with the patriarchs Noah and Joseph at noon (Gen. 9:20-21, Gen. 43:16). However, since they proclaimed, “God will not do good, nor will He do evil,” and made their grapes from the vineyard of Sodom, with their offshoots stemming from Gomorrah, their grapes are bitter, and their clusters are filled with gall; their wine resembles the venom of dragons and the unhealed fury of asps (Deut. 32:32-33). Though they may have planted vineyards, they will not partake of the wine from them. Mysteriously, the reference to “from Sodom and Gomorrah” indicates that all their efforts will ultimately fail. Had they remained faithful to their original intentions, akin to the paradise of God, avoiding the descent into evil that likened them to Egypt, their plantings would have endured. This is similarly expressed in the Psalms regarding the Egyptians: “Their vines were struck with hail, and their sycamore trees with frost” (Psalms 77:47). As a compassionate God, He decimated every Egyptian plantation, ensuring that those who engaged in the wicked cultivation could not consume or drink of its produce. The great day of the Lord, which is inevitable and soon approaching, is drawing near. It is near either due to God’s eternal nature, wherein nothing is prolonged for Him, or because the severity of punishment makes it feel imminent to the long-suffering. Alternatively, as mentioned earlier, it is near because our departure from this world indicates that each individual's death serves as the conclusion of the world for them. This impending day is approaching rapidly, emphasized by the urgency of its arrival.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

To prevent them from believing that the judgment would be postponed, he further declared, "As the great day of the Lord is near, near and swift." The prophet referred to it as a great day, for on that day they would not endure a lenient discipline but rather an absolute judgment.

Cyprian of Carthage

3rd centuryChurch Father

We ought not to be ensnared by material wealth and possessions. The Book of Ecclesiastes, attributed to Solomon, states: He who loves silver will not be satisfied with silver (Ecclesiastes 5:9). The Book of Proverbs also teaches that withholding food from oneself brings a curse from the people, yet those who sell it receive a blessing (Proverbs 11:26). In Isaiah, it is proclaimed: Woe to you who add house to house and field to field, leaving no space for others (Isaiah 5:8). Furthermore, in Zephaniah, it is written: They shall build houses but shall not inhabit them; they shall plant vineyards but shall not enjoy the wine. The great day of the Lord is near (Zephaniah 1:13-14). Similarly, the Gospel of Luke asks: For what profit is it to a man to gain the whole world, but to destroy or injure himself? (Luke 9:25).

Cassiodorus the Senator

6th centuryChurch Father

The prophet Amos warns about this day, stating, "Woe to you who long for the day of the Lord! What will it be for you? It will be darkness, not light" (Am. 5:18). Similarly, the prophet Zephaniah declares that the sound of the day of the Lord is distressing and harsh (LXX; Zeph. 1:14). Therefore, the contrite sinner, depicted here, earnestly pleads through measured prayers to avoid condemnation for their actions on that judgment day. What could be more beneficial or prudent than someone who, aware of their sins and past wrongs, recognizes their lack of hope in this world and chooses to seek the mercy of God while there is still opportunity for repentance?

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.