The Church Fathers on this verse

Daniel 7:23Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And thus he said: The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be greater than all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.

Douay-Rheims

כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רביעיא רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Why did you, O man, refrain from expressing this word? It did not pertain to the Jews in any manner; rather, God revealed it in a private manner, concealing it within the heart of His prophet. Thus, he concludes, "These words are hidden and sealed until the last time" (Dan. 12:9), wishing for them to remain obscure. In a similar fashion, Christ spoke in parables. Observe how the prophet elevates this kingdom in every aspect, so that you may grasp nothing merely human. Though people may possess all the earth, they cannot hold onto it eternally and indefinitely. Let no one claim that the prophet refers to a brief period. What do the words, "This kingdom shall not be given to another nation" (Dan. 2:44), signify? Consider what transpired under Darius and the Macedonians.

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To whom was it granted? To the Jews. Thus, it is said that Alexander worshipped the temple upon encountering the book of Daniel, and the Gentiles were in awe of the might of his prophecy. Only this prophet spoke of it.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The fourth beast represents the fourth kingdom that will arise on the earth, dominating all other kingdoms, enveloping the entire globe, and trampling it down. The elders understood this through enigmatic visions, yet we comprehend it through our own experiences. We witness the realization of prophecy; we observe the imposition of taxes, the widespread oppression of the impoverished, and the daily unfolding of various other events.

Cyrill of Jerusalem

4th centuryChurch Father

What will follow is further described: ‘When you see the abomination of desolation, foretold by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place: let the reader understand’ (Matt. 24:15). Additionally, it states: ‘If anyone tells you, "Look, here is the Christ," or "There he is," do not believe it’ (Matthew 24:23). The spirit of hatred is already making way for the Antichrist. For the enemy will incite discord among the people beforehand, so that when the Antichrist arrives, they may more readily accept him.

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But just as prior to the Incarnation, when it was anticipated that God would be born of a Virgin, the devil cunningly twisted this truth through the fanciful teachings of idolaters, claiming that false deities are born of mortal women, hoping that such deception would lead them away from belief in the truth, similarly, before the second coming of the true Christ, the adversary, having manipulated the expectations of the populace, particularly the circumcised, will unveil a certain sorcerer, deeply skilled in deceitful and malevolent arts. This individual, seeking to usurp authority over the Roman realm, will falsely proclaim himself to be Christ, thereby misleading the Jews who await the Messiah, and the Gentiles will also be fooled by his illusory sorcery.

The prophesied Antichrist will emerge when the era of the Roman Empire comes to a close, and the end of the world approaches. Ten kings of Rome will arise in concert, ruling simultaneously in various regions. Following them, the eleventh will appear as the Antichrist, claiming dominion over the Roman kingdoms through wicked sorcery. He will overthrow three of the kings who reign before him, while the remaining seven will remain under his control. Initially, he will display the wisdom and compassion associated with a figure of honor and reason; having deceived the Jews, posing as the awaited Christ through signs and wonders and deceitful flattery, he will ultimately exhibit the full spectrum of inhumanity and evil, surpassing all who were unrighteous before him. He will harbor murderous, cruel, and merciless thoughts against all, especially against Christians, revealing himself in various ways. This reign of horror will last for three years and six months; and thereafter, he will be vanquished at the second glorious coming from heaven of the only begotten Son of God, our Lord and Savior Jesus the true Christ, who will destroy the Antichrist ‘by the Spirit of his mouth’ (2 Thess. 2:8) and cast him into the flames of Gehenna.

We derive this understanding not from our imagination, but from the Holy Scriptures proclaimed in the Church, particularly from the recently read prophecy of Daniel; as elucidated by the Archangel Gabriel, who stated: ‘The fourth beast, the fourth kingdom will be upon the earth, and it will surpass all kingdoms’ (Dan. 7:23). Church interpreters hold that this kingdom represents the Roman Empire. The first noted kingdom was Assyrian, the second comprised the Medes and Persians, the third was Macedonian; and the fourth is the presently established Roman kingdom. Furthermore, it asserts that ‘And three kings will be humbled,’ a clear reference from the ten previously mentioned. After the overthrow of three kings from this number, it is evident that the eighth will come to reign. ‘And he shall speak words,’ as it further states, ‘against the Most High’ (Dan. 7:23), as a blasphemer and an offender, seizing the kingdom not from his forebears, but through sorcery.

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Passages read together with this verse.