The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 1:17Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

There shall be no difference of persons, you shall hear the little as well as the great: neither shall you respect any man's person, because it is the judgment of God. And if any thing seem hard to you, refer it to me, and I will hear it.

Douay-Rheims

לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן לֹ֤א תָג֙וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן אֵלַ֖י וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 5 commentaries

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Those who disregard justice mar the true beauty of divine virtues, for judgment belongs solely to God. Aware of this, the holy Moses declares, “that thou shalt not receive a face in judgement, .... for the judgement of God is the judgement of God.” Yet, one who regularly passes unjust judgments approaches the divine and exalted throne as if committing sacrilege, unaware that he offense against the ineffable glory that is capable of rendering righteous and fair judgment; for, as stated, judgment is in the hands of God.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

A wise abbot will recognize the significance of addressing a conflict between a novice and his elder, while a discerning one will thoroughly examine the situation and bring about harmony through reverence for the Lord.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

A judge who refrains from seeking personal glory, honor, or bribes, but rather administers justice out of a deep commitment to truth, love for others, and reverence for divine authority, embodies Christ-like selflessness. In reflection of the celebration of Her Majesty the Most Pious Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, guardians of justice must remember to align their verdicts with "as the judgment of God is.” They ought to render only those decisions that echo God's own pronouncement found in His Word, established law, and the conscience of humanity.

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Justice, in the context of society, serves as a form of healing: if restitution is not made to those who have suffered, and if correction is not offered to those harmed, while failing to address those who bear the contagion of sin, they risk spreading a grievous infection throughout the entire community. In honor of the birthday of His Pious Majesty Emperor Nicholas Pavlovich, let these principles guide us.

You should not feel shame before the countenance of mankind, for the judgment of God is present (Deuteronomy 1:17). The gathering of esteemed individuals to select guardians of order and servants of justice invites significant contemplation. The process of electing public officials in other nations is fraught with conflict and sometimes apprehension, reaching a point where the right to public election is formalized. Yet, this initiates a new set of struggles that wax and wane, either expanding or constraining this right. The improper extension of electoral rights often leads to their misuse.

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It's unsettling to consider, as foreign reports reveal, that votes can be bought, and candidates may resort to violence or deceit to secure support, as if a man could emerge from an animal or rationality could spring from unbridled passions. The uninformed select from those who possess the state’s wisdom, while lawbreakers participate in determining future lawmakers. Villagers and laborers cast their votes, not always for those best suited to maintain order in their communities, but instead for those who they believe can govern the state effectively.

Thanks be to God, this is not the case in our blessed homeland. Autocratic authority, established in accordance with divine arrangements – ‘from the fruit of thy womb I will set on thy throne’ (Psalm 131:11) – is founded on the timeless principle of hereditary succession. In an era of faltering lineage, this authority has been revitalized and reinforced through pure and rational elections, standing firm with dignified calm. Citizens do not seek the right to run for public office, being assured that their leaders are deeply invested in the common good and possess more wisdom than they in recognizing how best to achieve it. The authority, through voluntary trust, bestows the right of public election while maintaining boundaries that ensure it is exercised reasonably for the benefit of society.

Therefore, it seems I am not lost in thought, but rather confronting the truth of the situation when I suggest that the supreme authority conveys to you, honorable individuals: your lineage from venerable families and the legacies of your ancestors have formed a distinguished class within the state, marked by unique privileges. Your estate, much like any other, necessitates order and advancement specific to its needs; it has its own concerns requiring astute and experienced leaders to guide its affairs. Moreover, the well-being of the public and local justice might benefit from your zeal, education, and attention to your own interests, especially as these significantly impact those whose welfare is under your hereditary duty and serve to enhance your own.

By engaging with those around you within your particular circle, you can discern who might meet these requirements. Therefore, choose from amongst yourselves individuals who will uphold the trust placed in them and the dignity of your class, proving that the nobility and superiority conferred by your esteemed titles emanate from a true and vibrant inner light. The success of the election you embark upon is undoubtedly your own aspiration. Yet, akin to an archer who, despite aiming for the target with determination and expertise, may miss it if distracted by unrelated matters, voters too might falter. The aim of a voter must rightly fall upon the moral and ethical worthiness of the candidates. Should a voter allow distractions presented by aspiring candidates to cloud their perception, they risk overlooking the righteous choice, much like an arrow that sails past its intended mark.

To avoid such pitfalls, it is vital to adhere to the principle of wisdom and justice as articulated by the world’s initial legislator: ‘You shall not be ashamed of the face of man, for the judgment of God is there’. I trust none shall dismiss this guidance by claiming it applies solely to judges. In fact, during an election, the voter assumes the role of a judge. A judge assesses the worthiness of the innocent for acquittal and the guilty for condemnation. Likewise, the voter evaluates the integrity of candidates to cast a decisive ballot. Thus, elector, Moses also instructs you: ‘Thou shalt not be ashamed of the face of man, for the judgement of God is’.

The ‘face of man’ appears to the elector, declaring: ‘I am your relative, I am your friend; will you deny me your vote?’ or ‘I seek a position in public service; support my candidacy to secure my well-being’. What do you think, elector? Do you consider it disgraceful to refuse, even when you observe higher moral worth in others? You should not be ashamed of the face of man. The king who entrusts you as an elector, God who sees and accepts your vow to carry out your duties faithfully, requires you to choose not relatives or friends, nor those pursuing personal gain, but rather individuals worthy of honor and service to society. ‘Select from among all the people, able men who fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness’ (Exodus 18:21). The elector’s responsibility is not to please individuals but to uphold the common good, significantly influenced by those entrusted with public office.

Heavenly communities consist of good and perfect members, immune to disorder. In contrast, earthly societies are made up of virtuous individuals, each varying in their goodness, alongside those who are wicked, who also vary in degree. It ultimately matters little to society which group is more dominant; the Word of God likens water to human society, stating in the Revelation: ‘the waters... are men and nations’ (Rev. 17:15). This imagery unveils a profound truth. Though water may contain sediment, it appears clear when settled; however, if disturbed, the clarity is compromised. Similarly, human communities can remain pure and flourishing when the less virtuous elements remain subdued and recognized as insignificant. But when the wicked rise to power and influence, they tarnish the purity of society, leading the righteous into temptation or subjecting them to hardship. The creator of Proverbs notes: ‘When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn’ (Proverbs 29:2). Hence, when the virtuous are justly placed in positions of honor, it brings joy and prosperity to all. Conversely, the rise of the corrupt brings suffering. Thus, ‘honor the righteous’, empower the pious, wise, and honest through your vote: and ‘the people will rejoice’ along with our most benevolent Sovereign. Amen.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

Do not recognize their faces in the courtroom; approach the defendants as if you are unfamiliar with them, regardless of any private relations you might have, treating them as if encountering them for the first time. Remain free from bias, whether in favor of or against them, viewing them solely as defendants. When judging both the humble and the prominent, the magistrate must resist being swayed by sympathy for the insignificant or by personal interests regarding the affluent. The necessity of fairness is frequently emphasized in the writings of Moses and other holy authors, particularly concerning the condemnation of judges who accept bribes.

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You shall not be intimidated by the presence of man; in essence, do not let the stature of a wealthy or powerful individual deter you from delivering a just sentence if warranted. It is preferable to endure for the sake of truth than to act cowardly against one’s conscience. Remember that divine judgment belongs to God. Judges must recognize they serve not for themselves but for the Almighty, the ultimate Arbiter, who is impartial. This realization should inspire them to remain steadfast in the truth.

On the feast day of the three Ecumenical Fathers, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, this passage is recited as it reflects the circumstances surrounding the establishment of a united commemoration of these saints. In the late eleventh century, discussions arose among people regarding their merits: some championed Basil, others Gregory, while some preferred Chrysostom. Ultimately, these three saints appeared to Bishop John of Euchaita, instructing him to declare that they share equal honor before God. Thus, as just judges, they pronounced the Lord's verdict on their own perceived greatness, leading to the establishment of a feast in their honor.

This reflection is similarly recited during the commemorations of the Ecumenical Councils, which were the foremost assemblies for adjudicating crucial ecclesiastical issues, particularly in the trials of heretics. The Fathers of these Councils served as the most unbiased adjudicators, as they were endowed with divine truth and righteousness. Their judgments truly resonated with the authority of God.

During the week leading up to the Nativity of Christ, this passage is read alongside the Apostle’s teaching on how the Old Testament righteous were saved by faith in Christ. Through this faith, they denounced the faithless world, and they will serve as its denouncers and strict judges at the Last Judgment. A lack of belief in Christ is inexcusable and deserving of condemnation, especially when those who believed in the coming Christ found salvation. The latter belief is indeed more challenging than the former. Blessed be the righteous judgment of those who, despite their faith, choose to remain unbelieving, for it is the judgment of God.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.