The Church Fathers on this verse

Genesis 38:18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Juda said: What wilt thou have for a pledge? She answered: Thy ring and bracelet, and the staff which thou holdest in thy hand. The woman therefore at one copulation conceived.

Douay-Rheims

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הֽ͏ָעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Let no one pass judgment on Tamar upon hearing this; she served as an instrument of Divine Providence in this scenario. As a result, neither she nor Judas faces condemnation. Furthermore, it becomes evident that Jesus Christ comes from the lineage of the children born to them. The two sons that Judas fathered gave rise to two nations, foreshadowing both Jewish and spiritual existence. If we choose not to delve into the motivations and meanings behind each incident mentioned, we will not only unjustly accuse Tamar of incest with her father-in-law but also reproach Abraham for his intent to take a life and Phinehas for enacting two killings simultaneously.

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A thorough examination of each individual’s situation will reveal that we should not fault them; instead, we can glean valuable insights from their stories. In sharing the account of Judah and Tamar, we have endeavored to express your love as much as possible.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The divinely inspired Scriptures serve to unveil the mystery of Christ through various elements. One might compare Scripture to a magnificent city, showcasing numerous representations of the King, visible in every location. It does not overlook any relevant details but rather accounts for all related aspects. Even if historical narratives may contain elements that seem inappropriate, these are not deemed so if they fulfill their divine purpose. The Scriptures are not intended to provide a biography of the saints; instead, they aim to convey the knowledge of the sacred mysteries clearly and truthfully, deserving of no reproach for deviating from reality.

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Consider the mystery of God’s construction of a family through Judah, as well as through Tamar. It is worth noting that while there are individuals within the sacred texts who exhibit evident glory yet engage in morally questionable actions, we should not allow ourselves to be misled by this apparent harm. We must remain aware of the divine provisions made for our spiritual advantage. For instance, the blessed prophet Hosea chose a wife who was a harlot, and he did not renounce this dishonorable union, even referring to himself as the father of children who bore distressing names: ‘not my people’ (Hosea 1:9) and ‘I will have no more mercy’ (Hosea 1:6). This scenario serves a significant purpose.

Because those who were esteemed among the Israelites resisted the prophetic message, God's actions through the saints have occasionally reflected their situation, allowing them to comprehend, like a message inscribed clearly, what is truly beneficial and worthy of pursuit. As a result, they were shown that if they remained cruel and disobedient, they would find themselves counted among ‘not My people’ and deemed unforgiven. The prophet's relationship with a harlot (Hosea 1:2-3) symbolized God's union with the unfaithful people of Israel, resulting in a harsh birth—much like children born through such an unholy connection. Consequently, as we reflect on the historical context of divine family-building, we can justly absolve both Tamar and Judah from accusations of immorality, regarding their union instead as part of God’s providential plan. Tamar sought a rightful heir in light of her lost husband, and Judah faced no significant blame in seeking companionship after the death of his first wife.

This union and the resulting physical birth can serve as metaphors for spiritual communion and mental rebirth, guiding humanity toward the divine truth. He was indeed captivated by desire for her; when she requested compensation, he promised a goat. Upon her insistence for a pledge, he gave her a staff, a ring, and a necklace—items that symbolize adornment. It is often noted, and rightly so, that Judah, being of Chaldean heritage, would not have neglected personal adornment, as it was customary for the Chaldeans to embellish themselves with gold and create elaborate hairstyles.

As Judah traveled ‘to shear his sheep’ (Genesis 38:13), he encountered Tamar both on his journey and in between encounters, allowing her to possess the staff, ring, and necklace while promising to send her a goat. In a parallel manner, Christ, with His profound concern for receiving the fruits of those who have believed and are sanctified, offers communion, albeit a somewhat superficial connection, with the Jewish synagogue. However, He shall cultivate the wisdom originating from Him and will present Himself to her as an embodiment of power (the staff), as the reflection of the Father (the ring), and as ‘more beautiful than the sons of men’ (Psalms 44:3), as suggested by the necklace. Every element of adornment portrays a manifestation of beauty. Moreover, His sending of the goat signifies the granting of forgiveness, as in accordance with the law, the goat was sacrificed for sin, representing the absolution of transgressions.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Judah bestows upon her the staff, the signet, and the robe, while Tamar accepts those three witnesses who bear testimony about the Mediator destined to arise through her lineage, and afterward, she goes back to her father's home.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Who embodies greater purity: the one who patiently awaited the fulfillment of the promise, or the one who succumbed to the affection offered? Is it she who remained faithful to her betrothed's family, or he who viewed her as immoral? Was it her who rejected the advances of those wishing to lay hands upon her, or he who initially pursued her out of lust, but after encountering Tamar’s virtue, was blessed with descendants? Was it she, who remained childless, concerned that her postponed marriage would result in missing her time for bearing children, the woman who chose an older spouse, or he, ensnared by her youthful beauty? He acknowledged the truth: "Tamar is more righteous than I, because I have not given her to my son Shelah" (Genesis 38:26).

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She sought to test this guardian of virtue who expected her to maintain innocence. Yet, we do not advocate for her to cast judgment upon him; rather, we affirm the righteousness of both individuals and highlight the mystery revealed through their union: Tamar bore twins, named Perez and Zerah. We have discerned the moral lesson: Tamar did not act as a seductress, but rather embraced the divine gift of motherhood. Let us delve deeper into the historical context and uncover the enigmatic significance of her receiving a signet, a bracelet, and a staff (see Gen. 38:18, 25). It is not merely any individual who merits such adornments, seal, and emblem of authority: the seal of his actions, the adornment for his heart, and the symbol of noble freedom.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

Seal. Herodotus noted the practice of using seals among the Babylonians, a tradition that persists among Eastern cultures today as observed by travelers. The ligature refers to the item upon which a seal is affixed. The inclusion of Tamar (Matt. 1:3), Rahab (Matt. 1:5), and Ruth (Ruth 4:13, Matt. 1:5) in the lineage of the Messiah serves as a prophetic indication and a significant prefiguration of the Gentile Church’s acceptance of Him.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.