The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 23:13Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Behold the land of the Chaldeans, there was not such a people, the Assyrians founded it: they have led away the strong ones thereof into captivity, they have destroyed the houses thereof, they have, brought it to ruin.

Douay-Rheims

הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ בחיניו בַחוּנָ֗יו עֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

When God issues a decree for toil and suffering, who is there to assist? And when His sovereign hand goes to battle, who can rescue the suffering from unavoidable disaster? No one, without a doubt. The elements of creation themselves heed His divine commands, and whatever He intends comes to fruition. Thus, if He declares that you must embark on a lengthy journey—even to Cytius, which is said to be one of the cities on the island of Cyprus, though the Cytians claim it is Carthage—you will still find no solace there. In that place, you would be relentlessly pursued by adversaries and beset by the fear of death and peril. Even if you were to be captured and taken to Chaldea, your trials would persist; rest would elude you entirely. How can this be so?

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The land has previously suffered devastation from the Persian and Assyrian armies during Cyrus's wars, and at that time, its walls crumbled. The reference to the wall of the Chaldeans may pertain either to their ruler or to the structure upon which the Babylonians placed their greatest reliance, believing they were secure and that no enemies could harm them. The wall was designed with a passage wide enough for multiple chariots to travel abreast. Consequently, the Almighty, shaking the confidence of the Babylonians in this fortification, proclaimed through the prophet Jeremiah that ‘The wall of Babylon shall be broken down by digging’ (Jeremiah 51:58).

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

They placed watchers, examined the corridors, and laid them waste; these were the adversaries who ravaged the city and completely annihilated it.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Look at the land of the Chaldeans; there was no nation like it. Assyria established it for captivity, seized its strong men, devastated its homes, and caused it to fall into ruins. Wail, you ships of the sea, for your stronghold has been destroyed. As it was stated earlier, His feet shall lead him to wander far away, and once more, You shall cross through your land like a river. The inhabitants of Tyre are of two types: those who fled and sailed to Cethim and those who stayed in the city; he addresses both groups.

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For those who fled, it was previously declared, ‘Rise and sail to Cethim; there also you shall find no rest.’ As for those who remained and were taken captive, he says, Look at the inhabitants of the land of the Chaldeans, whose power no nation had previously surpassed, which was built by Assyria, has conquered the strong of Tyre. They did not only demolish the walls but also razed all the buildings within, leaving it in ruins. Thus, as some have escaped and others are in captivity, let the ships of the sea mourn, including those from Carthage, for your trade and colony have been destroyed. Consider also how he extolled the Chaldeans. He did not proclaim that such a nation shall exist no more because the Roman empire is more robust and secure, but he noted: there was none before, implying a denial concerning what once was while allowing for what shall come.

If you journey to Cethim, you shall find no rest there; and if you venture to the land of the Chaldeans, it too lies ravaged by the Assyrians. Siyim established it, fortified its defenses, and raised its tower; its walls have collapsed. The phrases that Siyim founded it, set up its fortifications, and built its tower are drawn from Theodotion's version, while the statement that its wall collapsed is included without any annotations; Ketim means an accomplished blow; in this context, Chaldean is akin to a sucker, while Assyrian suggests denouncement. The origin of the term Siyim remains obscure, and other translators have simply used the Hebrew term itself. Therefore, Tyre is informed that even if it sought refuge in Cethim to evade punishment for its tribulations, it would not discover complete peace there. Likewise, if it aspired to travel to the Chaldeans to partake in their abundance and wealth, it would find them exposed to desolation, as the Assyrians would proclaim their barrenness, which reflects the Apostle’s actions of delivering sinners to Satan to prevent blasphemy, those who have been surrendered to the destruction of the flesh so that their spirit might be saved. For the Chaldeans laid the foundations of what I regard as the most wicked demons, who constructed towering fortifications in the city of Chaldea against the divine guidance; yet all their structures have fallen into decay, for it follows: its wall collapsed. For unless the Lord builds the house, those who labor labor in vain (Psalm 120:1).

We often observe people shifting from one endeavor to another in the world; for instance, those who faltered in military service may turn to trade, or lawyers may adopt the careers of soldiers. They alter their pursuits to escape failure; yet according to God’s design, for those whom He blesses with salvation, all their endeavors lead them to the contrary, compelling them through poverty and hardship to rely not on their own strength but on their Creator. Let the ships of Carthage mourn, for your stronghold has perished. The vessels of Carthage, synonymous with Pharsis, are beckoned to lament, not because they are lost and will not return, as previously stated, but because their stronghold has been devastated. In our language, Pharsis can denote the conclusion of six or joy. It is recorded that in six days the world was created, which, according to church teaching, will eventually perish. Hence, all the wealth of this world and all human efforts are likened to the unreliable navigation of ships—the reality that they will quickly be destroyed, and the entire fortress of the seafarers will fall. This is why Solomon also said: the wise man enters into strong cities and overthrows their foundations (Proverbs 21:22). For all that is constructed through the schemes of heretics, worldly wisdom, and corrupt teachings, the faithful man dismantles and reveals that all these must be brought low beneath his feet.

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