The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 23:11Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

He stretched out his hand over the sea, he troubled kingdoms: the Lord hath given a charge against Chanaan, to destroy the strong ones thereof.

Douay-Rheims

יָדוֹ֙ נָטָ֣ה עַל־הַיָּ֔ם הִרְגִּ֖יז מַמְלָכ֑וֹת יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה אֶל־כְּנַ֔עַן לַשְׁמִ֖ד מָעֻזְנֶֽיהָ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The Lord of hosts has decreed judgment upon Canaan, the land of the foreigners, with the intent to demolish its stronghold. The devastation of warfare, brought on by the brutality of the Assyrians, has not only affected Tyre but has also impacted several other nations, including the Moabites and Edomites, among others. The Canaanites are broadly identified as idolaters, distinctly separate from the lineage of Israel. Consequently, anyone labeled as a descendant of Canaan rather than Judah should experience a sense of disgrace.

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When calamity strikes all the Canaanites, those who comprehend the underlying reasons for their tribulations will remark, 'Thus, do not harbor thoughts of reproach or offense towards the daughter of Zion.' It has been made evident that they insulted Judah, derided the Israelites in their captivity, and referred to Jerusalem or Zion as afflicted—not because it was forsaken by the God of salvation, but due to its subjugation and suffering. This condition was wrongly interpreted as the weakness and failure of the God they honored and served according to His commandments.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

You will traverse your land like a river, O daughter of the sea; you have lost your strength. As it has been said, likened to a river, or more accurately in the Hebrew, a stream, which is easily crossed: similarly, you, when taken captive, will navigate through your land, O daughter of the sea, whether due to your island status or because it is declared of you, the sea, the fortress of the sea, declares, "I have not labored in travail, nor have I given birth." The meaning behind the phrase "you have no more strength" is clarified by Symmachus: you will no longer possess the power to resist; in other words, you lack the energy or resolve to prepare for battle against your foes.

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He extended His hand over the sea and brought the kingdoms into turmoil. Who was it that extended His hand? From the context, it is clearly God, of whom it is said, the Lord of Hosts has decreed this to humble the pride of all glory. Thus, He stretched His hand over the seas, symbolizing all people and nations, and caused confusion among them, including you, Tyre, which is included in this chaos, or over the sea where you are situated. The Lord commanded against Canaan, to bring down its mighty ones. It signifies the sea over which the Lord stretched out His hand, as He commanded against Canaan. For Tyre is established in the land of Canaan. Consider the Scriptures, particularly the Gospel (Mark 7), where the Syrophoenician woman, referred to as the woman of Canaan, comes forth from Canaan to seek aid for her daughter. However, since it states, "He stretched out His hand," it should not imply that the Lord operates through physical members and organs; thus, it adds, "He gave a command," indicating that for God, to act is to command.

Cultivate your land: for the ships from Carthage no longer arrive, and your hand that calls kings from the sea lacks strength. The LXX version diverges significantly from other translations and from the Hebrew text itself; nonetheless, let us proceed. Previously, it was said, "Go to Carthage, cry out to those who dwell in the island." Now, since no ships come from Carthage, the opposite counsel is given: cultivate your land. This transition was necessary for Tyre, which needed to relinquish foreign vessels to be motivated to tend to its own land, of which it is stated in Proverbs, "He that cultivates his own land shall be filled with bread," enabling sustenance derived not from the perilous dangers of the sea but from the fruits of one's labor, of which the Psalms sing, "The labor of his hands thou shalt eat" (Psalms 127:2). Hosea declares that the paths of the harlot are hedged with thorns by the Lord to prevent her from pursuing her lovers, so that, driven by necessity, she may return to her former husband. We often observe in worldly matters that many who did not know the Lord due to their happiness and affluence come to understand Him through adversity, turning to righteousness when they can no longer enjoy worldly delights, the hand that once ruled over kings at sea, or, as Symmachus states, agitated kings, whose hearts are in the Lord's grasp. Oh that we, too, had abandoned the pursuits of this sea and had cultivated our land, not waiting for the ships from Carthage or Tyre that journeyed to Carthage, lest we fall under the dominion of the serpent that reigns over the waters! Would that we firmly planted our feet on the earth, or better yet, striving for heavenly treasures, cultivate our land so that what we sow in this life we may reap in the next! Oh, that our hands, once engaged in worldly affairs and able to influence even saints with power and prosperity, might grow weak in matters of the sea, so that they may instead grow strong in the cultivation of our land!

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Passages read together with this verse.