The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 26:10Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Let us have pity on the wicked, but he will not learn justice: in the land of the saints he hath done wicked things, and he shall not see the glory of the Lord.

Douay-Rheims

יֻחַ֤ן רָשָׁע֙ בַּל־לָמַ֣ד צֶ֔דֶק בְּאֶ֥רֶץ נְכֹח֖וֹת יְעַוֵּ֑ל וּבַל־יִרְאֶ֖ה גֵּא֥וּת יְהוָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 10 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Oh, blessed, abundantly blessed, and infinitely favored are those who shall have the honor of witnessing this divine glory! Concerning this, the prophet declares, ‘Let the wicked vanish, so that he may not behold the glory of the Lord.’ Let it not be the case that any among us faces rejection and misses the chance to see it! If we fail to partake in this glory, it could be rightly said of us that it would have been better had we never existed. For what purpose do we live? What do we draw breath for? What is the meaning of our existence if we cannot reach such profound contemplation? If those deprived of sunlight endure a bitterness worse than death, how much greater the suffering for those who are denied the light of Christ?

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Here, the real tragedy lies in that deprivation alone, and there—this is not the sole issue; yet, even if that were the only misfortune, the punishment would still not be equal; indeed, the anguish of the future looms all the more daunting than the present since that divine Sun far surpasses our current existence. Moreover, we must anticipate an additional punishment. Those who are denied that light will not only be cast into darkness but will also burn in an unending fire, endure hunger, grind their teeth in despair, and suffer countless other torments. Thus, let us not neglect our souls, for a brief period of carelessness could lead us into eternal condemnation; instead, let us remain vigilant and sober-minded, arranging all aspects of our lives so we may be graced with that eternal joy and rescued from the river of fire that rushes before the dreadful judgment. Once someone falls into it, they remain there forever, without any hope of salvation—neither from father, nor mother, nor brother. The prophets warn us about this; one states, ‘A man shall not redeem his brother in any way, nor give God a ransom for him’ (Psalms 48:8). Ezekiel further articulates, ‘and if there were found ... three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, ... these three men ... would save neither sons nor daughters’ (Ezekiel 14:14, 16). The sole means of defense lies in our deeds; without such a safeguard, no alternative shall grant salvation. Therefore, as we keep these truths in view and reflect upon them constantly, let us cleanse our lives and illuminate our paths, so we may approach the Lord with confidence and receive the blessings promised to us through the grace and compassion of our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom and with whom be glory to the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and forever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

God, through the prophet, did not declare, "And all shall be taught by God." In these words, the prophet portrays Christ as a hidden guide for the Gentiles who have embraced faith in Him. For those who have come to understand the illumination of His commandments in the world, it is essential to receive from Him insight into what is beneficial. He speaks to those who inhabit the earth, proclaiming, "Ye shall learn righteousness" (Ps. 48:2). This aligns with the message conveyed by David when he states, "Hear these things, and summon all who dwell upon the earth" (Ps. 48:2). The law, intended solely for Israel in the flesh, was transcended by our Lord Jesus Christ, who, by extending the net of humility, embraced all of heaven.

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Therefore, it is fitting for the prophet to encourage all inhabitants of the earth to acquire the truth revealed through Him, that is, the truth of the gospel. To underscore the peril of disregarding His words, he warns, "Be thou wicked." Those who do not learn the gospel truth will encounter despair and destruction, ultimately fading away. This seems to reflect the notion of the phrase, "Be thou wicked." Those who fail to grasp the truth of the gospel cannot bring forth truth themselves. Moreover, in these overarching statements, he identifies truth as the essence of Christian life, along with the service and worship of God in spirit and in truth. The law, which offered mere shadows of future promises, was not the ultimate truth; rather, Christ and His teachings are rightly acknowledged as the embodiment of truth. It is crucial to articulate this: Christ is the truth conveyed to us from the Father, and He, indeed, is the truth. Therefore, he implores, "Seek truth and righteousness," meaning to recognize Him who is authentically the Son, the Creator of all, and the Lord; for every ungodly individual will be cut off from the living and will not behold the glory of the Lord. This echoes Christ's own words to the Jewish people: "Amen, amen, I say to you, unless you believe that I am He, you shall die in your sins" (John 8:24); and again, "He who believes in the Son is not condemned; but he who does not believe is already condemned, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God" (John 3:18). But once condemned and dead in his transgressions, how can he witness the glory of the Lord? For he will be apart from Christ and, devoid of any share in His glory, shall not experience the inheritance of the saints.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Similarly, during the resurrection, it will be challenging for all except those whose hearts are pure to behold God; hence it is written: Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God (Matt. 5:8). Thus, He has started to refer to that future time when not everyone who is resurrected will behold God, but only those who are resurrected to eternal life will have that privilege. Not the unworthy, concerning whom it is proclaimed, Let the wicked be taken away, lest he see the glory of the Lord, but rather the worthy, about whom the Lord declared, while present yet not recognized as God, Whoever loves Me shall be loved by My Father; and I will love him, and will reveal Myself to him (John 14:21).

When we behold the splendor bestowed upon the Son by the Father, it is important to recognize that this is not the same glory imparted to the Son at His conception, but rather the honor He received upon becoming the Son of Man after enduring the crucifixion. As we witness this divine glory of the Son, the judgment of all, both living and deceased, will surely occur. The wicked will be separated, ensuring they do not witness the magnificence of the Lord (cf. Is. 26:10). What is this glory, if not that in which He embodies the divine? Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God (Matt. 5:8). However, the unrighteous possess impure hearts and, consequently, will not behold His presence. They will face eternal suffering, as the wicked will be excluded from witnessing the glory of the Lord, while the righteous shall enter into everlasting life (cf. Matthew 25:46).

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The faithful grow in this genuine existence with unwavering confidence and assurance, as they will ultimately experience the celestial joy that the unrighteous disregard, thus missing out on the happiness it brings. The wicked will face rejection, unable to witness the Lord's glory. Although they might hear the call of promise extended to everyone, "Arise, thou that sleepest, and rise from the dead" (Eph. 5:14), and even if they were to rise and ascend to heaven and then knock, saying, "Open unto us" (Matt. 25:11), the Lord would still turn away from them, declaring, "I know you not" (Luke 13:25), because they are distant from truly knowing Him.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The unrighteous separate themselves from the understanding of justice. They remain lost in misconceptions, their thoughts drifting far away, and their spirits adrift, thus failing to recognize the paths of righteous judgment You have currently enacted; they also do not perceive the righteousness of past judgments, even though it is evident that what You did before was just, for Your judgments are always just. When the prophet declares that they should not comprehend righteousness, he refers either to those Israelites who fled during the Assyrian siege, lacking faith that there was any escape apart from their flight, or to those who, despite remaining, did not attain righteousness even after witnessing miracles. An exhortation on this earth serves as a teaching; thus, the exhortation directed at the Assyrians serves as a lesson for the entire world. May they be blinded to the glory of the Lord. The unrepentant, having witnessed the salvation the Lord enacted for the people of Judah, remain oblivious to His glory.

In the words of Isaiah: Let the wicked be taken away, so that he may not behold the glory of the Lord. If one engages with the Holy Scriptures with a sincere spiritual perspective and listens carefully, the message will be clear to all. The verses found in this sacred text evoke awe and fear, and anyone who contemplates them with discernment will tremble. The severe judgment upon the unrighteous is evident within them. It is stated, Let the wicked be removed, that he may not see the glory of the Lord. The unholy shall be taken to a place devoid of any praise. Meanwhile, creation itself cries out for God, continuously proclaiming His glory; even the silent creatures do not cease to glorify Him. The heavens declare the beauty of God, and the expanse displays the work of His hands (Psalm 18:1). The earth proclaims His splendor, and the sea reveals His wondrous power. Nothing exists that does not express praise to the Lord your God, including the smallest mosquito that reflects the glory of its Creator. Where can the wicked hide from witnessing the glory of the Lord? Where can he be turned away, to be estranged from the sight of God’s magnificence? Will he ascend to the heavens? They will reject him and not receive him. Will he wish to remain on the earth? It will not allow him. Will he plunge into the sea? It will cast him back out. Therefore, dear ones, I believe that from this world he will descend into an eternal darkness filled with dread, a place void of praise and devoid of any voice of worship, for it is far removed from God, and His glory does not permit itself to dwell there. Despair and moaning, sorrow and anguish, the unending gnawing worm, and the searing and insatiable fire will silence the wicked from all praise and glory. Their suffering will hinder them from seeing or speaking; the grinding of teeth will keep their mouths from forming sounds of adoration. The tongue that is caught in a continual cry of woe cannot sing praises, while eyes shrouded in darkness cannot perceive the light of glory. The one afflicted by a worm can think of nothing but their torment; the one scorched by Gehenna sees only the flames. Come, sinners, let us weep here so we do not weep there. Let us bear grief and suffering so that our anguish does not deepen there. All the righteous and holy have pleased God through their sorrow and tribulations, offering Him propitiation through their tears. For nine hundred and thirty years, Adam mourned his fall, which had severed him from God’s glory in paradise. The beauty of his hands was marred by tears shed from his eyes; the fiery streams of his lamentation led to painful sores upon him. Enoch, who pleased God and did not taste death, grieved for three hundred and twenty years as he gazed upon Abel’s grave, carrying sorrow within as he witnessed the decay of the first deceased, disfigured and corrupted, and he wept profusely. The righteous Noah lamented for the sinful generation, being aware that divine justice would engulf it with a flood. He preserved his virginity for five hundred years, and for this, God safeguarded him from the ruin that overtook humanity. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob endured lives filled with trials and tribulations, facing hardship until the end of their days. Who can adequately express the sufferings that befell Job? For seven years, he sat in the midst of his festering wounds, weeping as he beheld the worms consuming his flesh, with nothing left but bones. Who has endured his magnitude of suffering? Anyone who hears his story bears a weight of sorrow upon their spirit. David wet his bed with tears by night (Psalm 6:7), ate ashes as though they were bread, and dissolved his drink in weeping (Psalm 101:10). How many tears flowed from Jeremiah, this man of suffering, who spent every day consumed by mourning? His lament exceeded all limits, yet he prayed to God for water for his head and a fountain of tears to wash his eyes (Jeremiah 9:1). Ezekiel ate the scroll inscribed with lamentation, compassion, and grief (Ezek. 2:10), for he bore the iniquities of his people. He lay on both sides for three hundred and ninety days (as the Hebrew text indicates), burdened by their transgressions, enduring a home turned to a tomb, shackled by the immense sins of the people, and laying on each side for one hundred and ninety-five days (Ezek. 4:4-9). It is recorded about the Lord Himself, the Almighty, that when He descended from heaven to earth, He wept for Jerusalem. It is not written that our Lord laughed, but rather that He wept and shed tears. When He wept for Lazarus, His sorrow encompassed all the deceased, grieving as He witnessed how death ravaged and destroyed His image. The Blessed One mourned for His cherished creation, recognizing how it had lost its beauty, decayed in the tomb, and become loathsome. The soul is rendered dormant by sin; it requires mourning, weeping, tears, sorrow, and loud cries for the misfortune that has led it astray and wounded it. Weep, lament, and wail for the soul, as it has strayed from God, and return it to Him. Lament for it more than a grieving mother whose death has stolen her child and cast him into the grave, who mourns the loss of her beloved. For sin severs the connection between man and God, and His goodness regrets the decay of His image, once full of divine beauty. It would pain you noticeably if you lost a single ox, despite having owned it for a short time; how much more, then, does God mourn when His image perishes? The soul holds far more value to God than all His created beings. But sin brings death upon it, and yet you, sinner, fail to recognize this. Mourn for yourself for the sake of God, for He grieves for you. Your soul lies dead through sin; revive it through tears. Rejoice with God, allowing Him to rejoice that your soul has been restored to life by your means. There exists a bird that nurtures its chicks, and when they die, it can bring them back to life. When this bird has chicks, it rejoices deeply, yet in its overwhelming affection, covering them with its wings, it may inadvertently suffocate them, leading to their death. Yet when it realizes they are truly deceased, lifeless, and still, it mourns for three whole days, refusing to eat or drink in its great grief, remaining close to them, as if trying to save them. Then it inflicts a wound with its beak, pours its blood upon them, and by God’s decree, its chicks are revived from death. If a bird can resurrect its young, then so too can you, sinner, resurrect your soul, which is feeble from sin. If God takes pity on the pelican and revitalizes its young, surely, He shows mercy upon your soul, which you neglect to bring back to life. If the Creator, witnessing the pelican in sorrow for its chicks, desires to sacrifice itself and shows compassion for them, how much more will He regret His image that sin has estranged? Thus, weep and mourn for your soul that is far from God. He is grieved for you in the way a mother weeps for her only child. He who mocks the dead displays hatred toward the parents of the deceased, while he who mourns and laments demonstrates love through his tears. Therefore, if one finds joy in themselves while deadened by sin, they despise God, who grieves for that very state. God mourns for the death of the soul, which is His image. Hence, anyone who delights in this condition and fails to empathize is akin to Satan. When one approaches a deceased person and sees the grief surrounding them, they too become sorrowful, shedding tears alongside the mourners. When a soul perishes due to sin, heaven itself laments, and the Divine Powers mourn alongside God. Therefore, anyone who rejoices in such a fate and does not lament for their soul is indeed lost, lacking awareness of their own soul’s existence. Weep, sinner, for your soul; shed tears over it, and restore it to life. Its resurrection lies within your sight, its rebellion concealed in your heart. Are you dead and yet do not mourn for your estranged soul? Begin your weeping for your own soul, and then weep for others. You grieve for the lifeless body from which your soul has departed, yet neglect to weep for the soul that is dead, estranged from God. Tears shed for lifeless flesh will not bring it back to life, but if you weep for the soul, it shall be revived and restored. Mourning, sorrow, and grief were not given to you for the sake of the flesh, but rather, God bestowed them upon you for the benefit of your soul, that you may restore it. Bring your tears as an offering to God, pouring them from your eyes; through your tears and His goodness, your dead soul will be revived. Behold, the Merciful One waits for you to shed tears before Him, with which He will cleanse and renew the marred image of your soul. You have slain your soul, and it is your duty to restore it from its sinful death. It was not another who condemned you; it was your own will that brought about your destruction. If someone else had killed you, they would bear the responsibility for your resurrection. However, since it was your own volition that led to your demise, it is that same will that must revive you. In the folly of hands, the structure collapses (Ecclesiastes 10:18), thus Ecclesiastes instructs you. Rebuild your desolate and fallen soul. When your house succumbs to ruin, no one else can rebuild it; if you do not restore your dwelling, it shall remain forever in decay. If your soul has fallen due to sin, elevate it through repentance; if you have allowed it to be diminished by vile unrighteousness, restore it through righteous deeds. If you vanquish sin, you may declare, as God does: I put to death and I bring to life (Deuteronomy 32:39). I slay sin, so that it does not govern my members, and I restore truth to life through good actions; I strike down wrongful unrighteousness, casting it out of the soul and cleansing it with truth and purity. The thoughts of the soul are scattered like dry bones in the world; gather them, reviving them with God’s assistance. Prophesy, as Ezekiel did, to your thoughts, which are as dry as bones; proclaim the word of God, the Creator of the dead; adorn those bones with flesh, and may an unwavering spirit and steadfast heart unite them in God; prophesy and summon the spirit to enter into the lifeless, and they shall arise. Breathe the spirit of life into them (Ezekiel 37:4-10) - divine instruction. Near the gates of hell, where the sin of murder dwells, lie the dry thoughts of the soul - scattered over earthly concerns. Call upon them, raise them, manifest the marvelous miracle, and in their resurrection, portray the revival that Ezekiel beheld. If there is joy in heaven for the sinner who repents, then surely there exists sorrow for the sinner who does not turn back, and God is deeply saddened if you refuse to repent. But return to Him, and you shall elicit joy among the angels who rejoice at your salvation. Your sinful soul is redeemed by the blood of the Son of God, for no worldly treasure could serve as sufficient payment for you: the earth, the sea, and all that dwell within them are but a trivial price in contrast to you.

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Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Have compassion on the unrighteous, yet he will not grasp the truth; within the realm of the faithful, he has acted unjustly, and he shall not witness the splendor of the Lord. Have compassion on the unrighteous, yet he will not grasp the truth; within the realm of the faithful, he has acted unjustly, and he shall not witness the splendor of the Lord. LXX: "Learn righteousness, ye that dwell on the earth." The Lord, in His mercy, further states, "And let him not see, or he shall not behold the glory of the Lord." The implication is clear: it suffices as punishment for him not to behold Me, alongside My saints who share in My glory.

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Some interpret the wicked, or resa, as the devil, concerning whom it is written in Psalm 9, "Thou hast forbidden the tongue, and the wicked shall perish; his name thou hast consumed forever, and for the age of ages. Thou hast made the enemy's weapons to be destroyed at the end, and thou hast destroyed the cities" (Psalm 9:6-7). We can understand the wicked more broadly as either a sinner or one who disregards God. According to the Seventy, the inhabitants of the earth are urged to learn righteousness. Every person may appear just to himself (Proverbs 21:2); however, God, who will reward everyone based on his deeds (Proverbs 24:12), knows the innermost thoughts of all. In another passage from the same book, it states, "They are those who lodge in the righteousness of a husband, but their end shall see the depths of hell" (Proverbs 16:25). Therefore, we must seek the truth and refrain from relying solely on our opinions. There exists a righteous individual who perishes in his own righteousness (Ecclesiastes 7:16), not due to true righteousness but because he is deceived into believing in his own virtue. However, if Christ has become for us wisdom from God, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption (1 Cor. 1:30), then those commanded to know the truth are instructed to recognize and understand Christ. "I command you," He states, "to learn the truth, for the wicked is consumed, and the kingdom is stripped away from him who, regardless of how long he reigned on earth, could neither know the truth nor manifest the truth, of which it is written that grace and truth came through Jesus Christ" (John 1:17). Therefore, since the wicked fails to produce truth on earth, he shall be consumed, unworthy of witnessing the reign of the Lord.

Hippolytus of Rome

2nd centuryChurch Father

The esteemed Apostle Paul, in his letter to the Thessalonians, implores them: ‘But we beseech you, brethren, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and our gathering together unto him, that ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself as God. Remember ye not, that when I was yet with you, I told you these things?

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And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness’ (2 Thess. 2:1-12). Similarly, Isaiah proclaims, ‘Let the wicked be taken away, that he may not see the glory of the Lord.’

Isidore of Pelusium

5th centuryChurch Father

To those who outwardly proclaim their reverence and exalt the Almighty, yet inwardly act contrary, resembling the wise in speech but not in actions, the prophet Isaiah voices a call: ‘Learn to do good (Isaiah 1:17), you inhabitants of the earth; for the wicked has passed away (Isaiah 26:9,10).’ With prophetic insight, he foresaw the incarnation of the Savior, an event beyond all description, which brought both shadows and unparalleled blessings to humanity, while rendering the oppressor powerless. He urged, ‘Learn to practice righteousness; the oppressor has ceased his attacks on every husband and wife. All are now secure, save for those who willingly betray their own hearts, exposing themselves to his allure; for he can entice, yet does not force his hold.’

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

It is rightly stated that His arrival marks a transition from judgment to His reign. Indeed, the Lord approaches us following judgment, elevating us from our mortal existence to the vision of His divine essence. His coming invites us to behold His splendor, for He who is perceived in our judgment in human form is revealed to us thereafter in His divine nature. While He comes in judgment, He appears to all as a servant, as it is written, 'They shall look upon Him whom they have pierced.' Yet, when the wicked face condemnation, the righteous are drawn toward the brilliance of His glory, for it is declared, "Let the wicked be destroyed, lest he see the glory of God."

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