The Church Fathers on this verse

Job 38:36Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Who hath put wisdom in the heart of man? or who gave the cock understanding?

Douay-Rheims

מִי־שָׁ֭ת בַּטֻּח֣וֹת חָכְמָ֑ה א֤וֹ מִֽי־נָתַ֖ן לַשֶּׂ֣כְוִי בִינָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Chrysostom, Gregory the Theologian, and others highlight the creation of the heavens and the earth, the calming of the seas, the arrangement of the stars, the descent of rain, and various elements that govern our existence. They ask, "Who has endowed women, who may be perceived as weak in other areas, with the ability to prepare fabrics and to artistically dye threads and adorn them?" Divine Scripture acknowledges both the great and the humble, marveling at the ingenuity of women in textile creation: "Who," He inquires, "bestows wisdom upon women in weaving and skill in craftsmanship?" This ability reflects the work of a Being of profound understanding, whose intellect reaches the celestial realms. Such diverse wisdom is no mere coincidence; it serves a significant purpose.

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The love for the meticulous art of fabric creation is neither overlooked nor deemed unnecessary. Rather, it reveals Divine wisdom, and God takes pride in claiming it as His own, not attributing it to another as its owner or guide, but to Himself.

Nilus of Sinai

5th centuryChurch Father

“Who has given understanding to the hearts of women?” (Job 38:36) This is how the Lord addressed Job. The first woman possessed the insight to create visible garments to conceal our physical nakedness. The second Woman, namely the Mother of God, displayed such wisdom and artistry that from the very essence of the Lamb born of her, she adorned all believers in garments of immortality, freeing them from spiritual nakedness. For the entire true assembly of Christians resides at the right hand of the Most High, “dressed in splendid robes and brimming” with countless virtues (Psalm 44:10).

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Who has endowed humanity with wisdom? Or who has bestowed enlightenment upon the rooster? Job 38:36. It is clear that the rooster signifies the holy proclaimers, referred to here in a different context, who penetrate the shadows of our existence, heralding the arrival of the divine light through their teachings. They declare, ‘The night is past and the day is at hand’ (Romans 13:12). Their voices awaken us from our sluggishness, urging us: ‘Now is the moment for us to awaken’ (Romans 13:11). Furthermore, they say, ‘Awake, ye righteous, and sin not’ (1 Corinthians 15:34).

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Concerning the rooster, it is noted, ‘There are three things which walk with a good gait, and the fourth is lovely in their walk: the lion, the mighty among beasts, who does not fear man; the rooster, ready for battle, and the ram, who stands strong against any king’ (Proverbs 30:29-31). Here, He is likened to a lion, of whom it is declared, ‘The Lion of the tribe of Judah’ (Revelation 5:5). He is recognized as the mightiest of all, where the ‘weakness’ of God surpasses human strength. He fears no man, for He states, ‘The prince of this world is coming and has nothing in Me’ (John 14:30). The rooster, ready for battle, symbolizes the faithful preachers who proclaim the genuine dawn amidst this night. They prepare themselves, as they are distanced from the loose ways of the flesh. Hence, it was instructed by the Lord, ‘Let your loins be girded’ (Luke 12:35). The ram, symbolically, refers to the highest-ranking priests in the Church, who shepherd the flock, as it is written, ‘Bring unto the Lord the offspring of sheep’ (Psalms 29:1). These priests guide the people by their conduct, as a flock follows its shepherd. When they lead a life of righteousness, they face no opposition from worldly powers; no persecutor can hinder their mission, for they are zealous in their pursuit of Him and prepared to sacrifice for Him. Thus, the lion is first, the rooster second, and lastly the ram. Christ is the foremost, followed by His holy messengers, the Apostles, and finally the spiritual Fathers and church leaders, who act as stewards of the faithful, teaching those who follow them.

To grasp this entire sequence better, we must connect it with the preceding thoughts. The Antichrist, as the fourth component, is referenced in a way that denotes his foolishness despite his elevation, as stated, ‘And he who looked like a fool after he had been exalted on high. For if he had understood, he would have put his hand on his mouth’ (Proverbs 30:32). Though he may seem exalted, he will appear foolish when the true Judge arrives. Had he anticipated this, he would have hidden his pride, realizing as a creation of God’s design that he should not engage in such arrogance. His presumption would lead him to his downfall. It is noted of him that ‘the fourth is slender in speech.’ While three creatures walk harmoniously, the fourth presents itself with forcefulness. Not all who progress with distinction do so gracefully; similarly, not everything appearing slender embodies excellence. The lion, the rooster, and the ram walk lightly but suffer persecution. The fourth, though seeming to prosper excellently, will succeed only briefly, as stated concerning Antiochus in Daniel, ‘And the host was delivered up together with a daily sacrifice for wickedness, and he, casting down the truth upon the earth, worked and succeeded’ (Daniel 8:12). Solomon’s assessment complements Daniel’s: the rooster girded in loins clearly represents the faithful preachers. Through this, the Lord poses the question, ‘Who placed wisdom within man? Or who gave realization to the rooster?’ It is as if He signifies, who installs understanding in human hearts, enabling the enjoyment of heavenly wisdom? Who but I has granted insight even to the holy preachers, empowering them to discern when and to whom they should proclaim the dawn? They possess the knowledge of actions and timing only because I have revealed this understanding to them. Divine wisdom exists within humanity, ensuring the elect receive not only verbal enlightenment but also thoughts that guide their conscience to align with their spoken words, thereby illuminating their lives from within.

This calls for a closer investigation: who has imparted awareness to the rooster? The comprehension of teachers must delve deeper, transcending mere physical engagements to address the unseen. This understanding touches upon the profound realities of the creation, for it parallels the rooster's role in heralding awakening to a teacher’s message. The rooster, awakening at night before heralding dawn, symbolizes the holy preachers who first assess their own lives before they call others to accountability, ensuring they rise through virtuous acts before appealing to others. They first cultivate their thoughts through self-examination, correcting any shortcomings with earnest reflection. When they’re firmly awake, they urge those in slumber to arise as well.

The wisdom of the teacher lies in his ability to awaken himself while simultaneously calling others to rise, dispelling the darkness of sins, and subtly revealing the light of preaching. He approaches each individual appropriately and in due time while presenting the collective outcomes of their actions. Such profound teaching may only be entrusted by the Creator, who asks, ‘Who gave awareness to the rooster?’ suggesting that knowledge does not originate with the preacher but is a gift from the God who crafted the mind, equipping it to grasp the deep mysteries. Thus, not only does He inspire wisdom in the words of the preachers but also authorizes their messages.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

At the time of Elisha's final address, the skies were darkened with clouds and thunder echoed, providing Elisha an opportunity to proclaim the magnificence and might of God amidst the thunder and storm. Following this tempest, the voice of the Lord Himself was discerned. Jehovah did not come to clarify His divine providence concerning humanity’s fate or resolve the dilemmas that preoccupied Job's companions regarding human joy and sorrow. Instead, He sought to illustrate to Job and his friends the futility of human efforts to answer such profound questions and to delve into the mysteries of the Lord’s ways.

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The Lord directs His attention to Job, who had boldly attempted to unravel these mysteries, and, engaging him with inquiries drawn from the natural world, intends to demonstrate that if Job cannot comprehend basic truths about the physical realm, the challenges of understanding moral questions are far greater.

Initially, the Lord queries Job about the origins and foundational aspects of the earth to highlight how limited human understanding is and how much remains unknown if he cannot answer this singular question. In contrast, God crafted the earth with as much ease as a person erects the simplest structure, and the grandeur of creation was so awe-inspiring that the heavenly beings sang praises to God with a mighty voice. The Creator's power and wisdom are equally evident in the restraint He placed upon the depths of the ocean and in the division of light from darkness. Yet, these vast realms and boundaries of light and shadow are not beyond human observation. Ordinary terrestrial occurrences—such as snow, hail, rain, and frost—are beyond human command, and even less can the movement of the stars and all atmospheric changes be under human control.

Shifting to the wondrous phenomena of the world, so intimately adjacent to humanity, the Lord points out to Job that it is solely due to His paternal provision that predators and birds are sustained.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.