The Church Fathers on this verse

Leviticus 23:10Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Speak to the children of Israel, and thou shalt say to them: When you shall have entered into the land which I will give you, and shall reap your corn, you shall bring sheaves of ears, the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest.

Douay-Rheims

דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־קְצִירָ֑הּ וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֶת־עֹ֛מֶר רֵאשִׁ֥ית קְצִירְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 5 commentaries

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

Another significant feast was Pentecost, a celebration that marked their liberation from the wilderness and their arrival in the Promised Land. It was during this occasion that they first experienced the fruits of bread, which led them to offer the first sheaves as an initial presentation. Pentecost symbolizes the entry into the Church, akin to entering another promised land, where we also savor the bread and receive the Holy Sacraments. We do not immediately consume the Bread upon believing and transitioning away from doubt; rather, we must first undergo baptism and be deemed worthy to gather in the Church alongside those who have been baptized, so that we may then partake of the Bread.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The sheaf represents the commencement of the harvest and signifies a new abundance; the bread symbolizes the grain that has been gathered and stacked for nourishment, or possibly stored in the barns themselves. This can also be viewed in an allegorical sense. The intended meaning can be further explored. Humanity may be compared to the ears of grain, emerging from the soil and awaiting their fulfillment, ultimately facing harvest time, which signifies death. Christ addressed His holy disciples, saying, “Do you not say, ‘There are still four months until the harvest’? I tell you, lift up your eyes and see the fields, for they are already white for harvest. And the reaper is receiving wages and gathering fruit for eternal life” (John 4:35-36).

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As mentioned previously, it is simple to relate the sowing of the field to those dwelling on earth. However, Christ took on our likeness, born from the Holy Virgin like a grain. He referred to Himself as a grain of wheat, stating, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much fruit” (John 12:24). He also became a sacrifice on our behalf to the Father, symbolically a sheaf that represents the earth, attesting to its fertility through its yield. Just as a singular ear of grain is not solitary, we too are part of a collective sheaf, united. This unity is essential for goodness and reflects the essence of the sacrament. Jesus Christ is one, yet in the form of a sheaf, He manifests spiritually as one among many, embodying all believers due to the shared spiritual connection. This is affirmed by the Apostle Paul, who states that we are joint heirs with Him, destined to be seated “in the heavenly places” (Eph. 2:6). As He became like us, we became His partners (Eph. 3:6) and were enriched through our union with Him in His body. Consequently, we affirm that we exist in Him. Indeed, He expresses to His Heavenly Father, “I desire that they may be one, as We are one” (John 17:24, 11, 21), noting that “he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with Him” (1 Cor. 6:17). Thus, Christ is the sheaf, embodying all within Himself, lifted up for all, and representing the origin of humanity, perfect in faith, destined ultimately for the highest heavenly treasures.

The period for the new harvest signifies the time when what has been sown is gathered. This festival is described as a sacred occasion and should be observed with lawful intent, embracing rest from labor and fatigue. It is customary during such feasts to refrain from work and to distance oneself from burdensome activities. Thus, it is especially important for those who honor a holy feast dedicated to God to avoid committing grievous sins; instead, they should engage in virtuous pursuits and refresh their spirits. As part of this celebration, offerings of two young bulls, one ram, seven lambs, flour mixed with oil, and a goat are to be presented as burnt offerings and sacrifices. The deeper meaning behind this divine mandate has been previously addressed, so we shall not reiterate it here.

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However, it is essential to state that the new harvest symbolizes the profound mystery of our Savior’s Resurrection; for it is in Christ that humanity first flourished, liberated from decay and shedding the weight of sin. The very essence of this transformation leads to exultation, as expressed in the words, “I will rejoice in the Lord, my soul shall rejoice in my God: for He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation” (Isaiah 61:10). The garments of salvation and joy represent incorruption, a divine gift that comes solely through Christ. Moreover, God established the foundation of this victory and articulated its profound symbolism in numerous descriptions in Leviticus: “Thou shalt declare unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When you come into the land which I am giving you, and reap a harvest therein, you shall bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest; he shall lift up that sheaf before the Lord, that you may obtain favour; on the next day of the feast the priest shall lift it up; And on the day of the offering of the sheaf offer a lamb of one year old, without blemish, for a burnt offering unto the Lord, and with it an offering of bread, two tenths of an ephah of wheat flour mingled with oil, as an offering unto the Lord, for a pleasant savour, and a quarter of a hin of wine to it; and ye shall eat no new bread, nor dried grain, nor raw grain, until the day that ye shall offer an offering unto your God: This is an everlasting ordinance in your generations in all your dwellings. You shall count to yourselves from the first day after the feast, from the day on which you bring the sheaf of shaking, seven full weeks; until the first day after the seventh week, you shall count fifty days” (Leviticus 23:10-16).

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The second feast is the celebration of the first fruits, marking the commencement of the harvest, in gratitude to the One who sustains them.

Marcus the Ascetic

4th centuryChurch Father

The harvest, referenced in Leviticus 23:10, represents a profound and personal reflection on God that remains hidden from others. This understanding is cultivated in the mind through an ineffable process, following an inner exploration of spiritual truths. Such contemplation is authentically expressed by one who reverently acknowledges the Creator through both visible and unseen creation.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.