The Church Fathers on this verse

Revelation 14:4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

These are they who were not defiled with women: for they are virgins. These follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were purchased from among men, the firstfruits to God and to the Lamb.

Douay-Rheims

ουτοι εισιν οι μετα γυναικων ουκ εμολυνθησαν παρθενοι γαρ εισιν ουτοι εισιν οι ακολουθουντες τω αρνιω οπου αν εαν υπαγη ουτοι υπο ιησου ηγορασθησαν απο των ανθρωπων απαρχη τω θεω και τω αρνιω

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Therefore we also, brethren, if we truly love, let us become like Him. For we cannot bring forth a better fruit of love than the example of likeness.

Christ suffered for us, leaving us an example, that we should follow in His steps (1 Pet 2:21).

In this statement the Apostle Peter seems to have shown that Christ suffered only for those who follow in His steps, and that Christ's Passion benefits only the one who follows in His steps.

The holy martyrs followed in them, even to the shedding of blood, even to likeness with His sufferings.

The martyrs followed, but not they alone. After they had passed over, the bridge was not destroyed. After they had drunk, the spring itself did not dry up.

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What is the hope of good believers who, in the marriage bond, chastely and harmoniously bear the yoke of marriage?

What is the hope of those who, in the continence of widowhood, subdue the enticements of the flesh?

What is the hope even of those who raise higher the summit of holiness, and, flourishing in new virginity, follow the Lamb wherever He goes?

What, I say, is the hope for them and for all of us, if only those who shed their blood for Christ follow Him?

Is Mother Church, then, going to lose her children, whom she has borne in greater abundance because she has had more tranquility in the time of peace?

Must she pray for persecution and trial, lest she destroy them? By no means, brethren.

How can one pray for persecution who cries out daily that we not be led into temptation (cf. Mt 6:13)?

There is, there is, brethren, there is a garden belonging to this Master. It is not only of the roses of martyrs, but also of the lilies of virgins, the ivy of the married, and the violets of widows.

In a word, dearly beloved, no class of mankind should despair of its calling. Christ suffered for all. Truly it is written of Him: "Who desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth" (1 Tim 2:4).

Spouses have their virtue not because they beget children, but because they beget them honorably, chastely, and lawfully, and because they continually raise the children born to them together for their good.

They have virtue because they preserve fidelity of the marriage bed toward one another, and because they do not defile the mystery of marriage.

Yet all these are human duties. Virginal purity and freedom from every illicit union through pious continence are an angelic portion. They are a preparation, in corruptible flesh, for eternal incorruption.

Let every fruitfulness and every conjugal chastity yield to this. The first is not within man's power, and the second is not found in eternity.

Bodily fruitfulness is not subject to free will. Conjugal chastity does not possess heaven.

Indeed, in that common immortality, those who, while bodily, already possess something bodiless will possess something great in comparison with other men.

Therefore there is no commandment of the Lord concerning virgins. Yet by avoiding licentiousness, and also sin, eternal life must be attained.

In that life a certain higher glory is appointed, not for all who are gathered there in eternity to conquer, but granted there to some. To inherit it, it is not enough to have been freed from sin.

If someone has promised nothing to the Liberator Himself, he is not condemned for not having promised. But what he promised and fulfilled deserves praise.

For in eternal life itself the lights of merits shine distinctly, and in the Father's house there are many mansions.

Accordingly, by the equal denarius one man does not live longer than another. But in the many mansions one is glorified more than another.

Therefore press on toward the holy God, boys and girls, men and women, unmarried men and women. Press insistently toward the goal.

Praise the Lord more sweetly, for your thought is often directed toward Him. Hope with greater confidence in Him whom you serve without ceasing.

Love more ardently Him whom you strive to please ever more diligently. With loins girded and lamps burning, await the Lord when He comes from the wedding.

You will bring to the wedding of the Lamb a new song, which you will sing upon your harps.

Yet it will not be the song sung by the whole earth when it is said, "Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth" (Ps 95:1).

It will be a song that no one will be able to sing except you.

For so a certain one saw you in the Apocalypse, he who was loved by the Lamb before the others. He was accustomed to recline upon His breast, and he drank and poured forth the wonders of heavenly knowledge, the Word of God.

He sees you as twelve times twelve thousand holy harpists, of blameless virginity in body and blameless truth in heart.

And because you follow the Lamb wherever He goes, John wrote this about you.

Where, we ask, does this Lamb go, where no one except you has dared or wished to follow?

Where, we ask, does He go? To what pastures and meadows? There, I believe, grow the grasses that bring joys.

But they are not the empty joys of this world, of deceitful madness. Nor are they the joys appointed in the very kingdom of God for the rest who are not virgins.

They are joys different in kind from all other joys: the joys of Christ's virgins. They are from Christ, in Christ, with Christ, after Christ, through Christ, and for Christ.

The joys proper to Christ's virgins are not the same as those of the non-virgins, though they too belong to Christ.

For different people have different joys, but these joys belong only to some.

Go toward them. Follow the Lamb, because the flesh of the Lamb is first of all virginal.

For when He had grown, He preserved in Himself what, when conceived and born, He did not take away from His Mother.

Rightly follow Him in virginity of heart and flesh, wherever He goes.

For what does it mean to follow Him, if not to imitate Him?

For Christ suffered for us, leaving us an example, as the Apostle Peter says, that we should follow in His steps (cf. 1 Pet 2:21).

Each one follows Him in that wherein he imitates Him, not as the Son of God, through whom all things were made, but as the Son of Man, who accomplished in Himself what should be imitated.

Many things in Him are set forth for imitation by all. But virginity of flesh is not set forth for all.

Those who have already done everything so as not to be virgins have no possibility of becoming virgins.

Therefore the rest of the faithful, who have lost bodily virginity, follow the Lamb not wherever He goes, but wherever they themselves are able to go.

They can go everywhere except where He enters into the beauty of virginity.

"Blessed are the poor in spirit" (Mt 5:3). Imitate Him who, though rich, became poor for your sake.

"Blessed are those who mourn" (Mt 5:4).

Yet it is also true that married persons can walk in those footsteps. Even if their foot does not fall fully into the same print, they nevertheless advance along the same paths.

But look! This is the Lamb walking the way of virginity. How will those follow Him on this way who have missed it and can in no way recover it?

Therefore you, you follow Him, His virgins. You follow Him there, because in this one thing you follow Him wherever He goes.

For we can summon the married to any other gift of holiness in which they follow Him, except the one they have irretrievably lost.

Therefore follow Him, holding firmly to what you have ardently promised.

Do what you can, so that the good of virginity may not depart from you. For you can do nothing to regain it.

A multitude of other believers, who cannot follow the Lamb in this, will see you. They will see and will not envy.

Rejoicing with you in what they do not possess in themselves, they will possess it in you.

For that new and special song of yours cannot be performed by them. Yet it can be heard, and they can find delight in it as in a higher good.

But you are the ones who both perform and hear it. Since you hear what you yourselves perform, you will exult more joyfully and reign more gladly.

Yet from your greater joy there will be no sorrow for those who lack it.

For the Lamb whom you follow wherever He goes does not abandon those who cannot follow Him where you follow.

We speak of the almighty Lamb. He will grant to us also, and He will not turn away from them.

For God will be all in all (1 Cor 15:28).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

John affirms that from each tribe, except the tribe of Dan, whose place was taken by the tribe of Levi, twelve thousand virgins were sealed for faith, who were not defiled with women.

And so that we would not think he is merely saying that they did not know fornication, he immediately adds: "for they are virgins." From this it follows that those who did not preserve virginity are stained with filth in comparison with the most pure angelic chastity of our Lord Jesus Christ Himself.

They sing a new song, which no one can sing except a virgin. They are firstfruits to God and the Lamb, and they are without blemish.

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If virgins are firstfruits to God, then widows and those in marriage follow after the firstfruits, that is, in the second and third places. The perishing people could not be saved before it had offered such pure sacrifices to God and been reconciled with the most pure Lamb.

Cyprian of Carthage

3rd centuryChurch Father

This concern is not vain, nor is this fear empty, for it gives counsel toward the path of salvation and guides toward preserving the commandments of God and the rules of life.

Those betrothed to Christ, released from bodily desires, and wholly dedicated to God in body and soul, must carry out their work worthily of so great a calling. They adorn themselves for their one Lord and please Him alone, from whom they expect the reward of their virginity.

According to His own word: "Not all can receive this saying, but only those to whom it is given. For there are eunuchs who were born so from their mother's womb, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven" (Mt 19:11-12).

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The same gift of chastity is signified, and the same virginity is proclaimed by the following words of the angel: "These are those who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are those who follow the Lamb wherever He goes."

The Lord does not assign the grace of chastity only to the male sex. He does not pass over women, because woman is part of man, taken from him and created from him.

In almost all Scripture, God addresses the first-formed, since the two make one flesh, and in the man the woman is also signified. If chastity follows after Christ, and virginity is appointed for the Kingdom of God, then what place is there for earthly finery and adornments?

By these, those who wish to please men offend God.

Methodius of Patara

3rd centuryChurch Father

What, then, did the Lord, the Truth and the Light, do when He came into the world? Having received flesh, He preserved it incorrupt in virginity. So we also, if we wish to be like God and Christ, must strive to keep virginity.

For likeness to God consists in abstaining from corruption. The inspired John explained to us in the book of Revelation that the Word made man became the first Virgin, the first Shepherd, and the first Prophet of the Church.

He said: "And I looked, and behold, the Lamb stood on Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred forty-four thousand. These are those who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are those who follow the Lamb wherever He goes."

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Moreover, notice how great the dignity of virginity is before God: "They were redeemed from among men as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb. In their mouth there is no deceit. They are without blemish, and they follow the Lamb wherever He goes."

By this he wishes clearly to impress upon us that this number, namely one hundred forty-four thousand, has from of old determined the number of virgins, while the other saints are an indefinite multitude.

It is noteworthy that, speaking of the rest, he adds: "And I looked, and behold, from every tongue and tribe and every nation, a great multitude which no one could number" (Rev 7:9).

Thus, as I said, he presents an innumerable multitude of the other saints, but a very small number of virgins in comparison with those who make up the innumerable multitude.

Andrew of Caesarea

6th centuryChurch Father

We think that, after the twenty-four elders named, these have precedence over others. Through virginity and the guilelessness of tongue and deeds, they acquired the brightness of virtues, for which they were taught the new song.

This song will remain unknown to many in the present and future life. Although then, when the imperfect is abolished, perfect knowledge will come according to the apostle (1 Cor 13:10), the revelation of God's mysteries will even then correspond to the present life.

For "many are the mansions in My Father's house" (Jn 14:2), and "star differs from star in glory" (1 Cor 15:41), just as there will also be many differences in torments.

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May the Lord deliver us all from them and number us by His grace among those who are saved. May He look not upon the multitude of our sins, but upon His compassions.

According to them He came to earth to pour out His precious Blood for us, to wash away our vices and defilements, and to bring us pure to the Father. To Him, the Author of our salvation and life, together with the Life-giving Spirit, belong glory and honor, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Fulgentius of Ruspe

6th centuryChurch Father

Since the Church possesses different gifts in her different members, according to the grace given to her, she nevertheless received a greater grace of gift in those members in whom she is called spiritually virgin in such a way that she also possesses the purity of bodily virginity.

For in other devoted members, who rightly believe in God according to the rule of the catholic faith and preserve the chastity of marriage and widowhood, the Church possesses only spiritual virginity.

They are not covered with the uncleanness of committed fornication, and they remain free from every shame of unbelief. But in those members in whom she so guards the right faith that she also preserves the flesh undefiled by any intercourse, she possesses the name of virginity more fully and perfectly.

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She possesses it more fully because she has a greater fullness of virginity. In the former members her life is in no way diminished, but in the latter she acquires something greater for her glory.

For Paul says: "There is one glory of the sun, another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars. For star differs from star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead" (1 Cor 15:41-43).

Finally, under the name of eunuchs, of whom the Savior also affirms in the Gospel that they made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven, the Lord through Isaiah promises virgins a better place in His house and within His walls.

For it is written thus: "Thus says the Lord to the eunuchs: those who keep My Sabbaths, choose what pleases Me, and hold fast My covenant, I will give to them in My house and within My walls a place and a name better than sons and daughters. I will give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut off" (Isa 56:4-5).

So also in the Apocalypse of blessed John: "These are those who follow the Lamb wherever He goes," who have remained virgins.

Beda Venerabilis

7th centuryChurch Father

Without doubt, the elect, even if they differ in degree of merits, are nourished by the truth of one faith and hasten toward the one light of heavenly truth. The more earnestly someone strove in this life to cleave to Christ, the nearer he will enjoy His vision in that life.

Thus it is said of the great merit of the virtue of some: "These are those who follow the Lamb wherever He goes." A little earlier it was said of some, as of branches nearest to the lamp: "They sing as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four living creatures and the elders."

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Here it is shown how all the saints sing in the streets of that city above a new song of joy to God. Yet among them those are distinguished by the special joy of song who here surpassed the ordinary life of the faithful by the special privilege of holy chastity.

In the Homilies on the Gospels 1.13, Bede shows a broad application of Rev 14:4 to Benedict of Nursia, founder of the monasteries at Monte Cassino and Jarrow and teacher of Bede.

Borodin P.M.

19th centuryChurch Father

These are people who were not enticed, either bodily or mentally, by feminine beauty or by the beauties of this world. They are the righteous, who were not joined to this world in mind, soul, or body. Purity is one of the highest human virtues and one of those most beloved by the Lord. In the Old Testament, celibacy was rare. Therefore the singing of the New Testament virgins is called a new song, such as could not exist in the Old Testament.

Ivanov A.V.

19th centuryChurch Father

"They were not defiled with women." Virginity may be understood in relation to the worship of God, and therefore defilement in the sense of idolatrous worship.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 29 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. οὗτοί
    houtoi
    this
    G3778 · οὗτος
  2. εἰσιν
    eisin
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  3. οἳ
    hoi
    who
    G3739 · ὅς, ἥ
  4. μετὰ
    meta
    with
    G3326 · μετά
  5. γυναικῶν
    gynaikōn
    a woman
    G1135 · γυνή
  6. οὐκ
    ouk
    no
    G3756 · οὐ
  7. ἐμολύνθησαν
    emolynthēsan
    I soil
    G3435 · μολύνω
  8. παρθένοι
    parthenoi
    a virgin
    G3933 · παρθένος
  9. γάρ
    gar
    for
    G1063 · γάρ
  10. εἰσιν
    eisin
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  11. οὗτοι
    houtoi
    this
    G3778 · οὗτος
  12. οἱ
    hoi
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  13. ἀκολουθοῦντες
    akolouthountes
    I accompany
    G190 · ἀκολουθέω
  14. τῷ
    tō
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  15. Ἀρνίῳ
    arniō
    a lamb
    G721 · ἀρνίον
  16. ὅπου
    hopou
    where
    G3699 · ὅπου
  17. ἂν
    an
    an untranslatable word that makes a statement contingent
    G302 · ἄν
  18. ὑπάγῃ
    hypagē
    I go away
    G5217 · ὑπάγω
  19. οὗτοι
    houtoi
    this
    G3778 · οὗτος
  20. ἠγοράσθησαν
    ēgorasthēsan
    I buy
    G59 · ἀγοράζω
  21. ἀπὸ
    apo
    from
    G575 · ἀπό
  22. τῶν
    tōn
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  23. ἀνθρώπων
    anthrōpōn
    a man
    G444 · ἄνθρωπος
  24. ἀπαρχὴ
    aparchē
    the first-fruits
    G536 · ἀπαρχή
  25. τῷ
    tō
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  26. Θεῷ
    theō
    God
    G2316 · θεός
  27. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  28. τῷ
    tō
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  29. Ἀρνίῳ
    arniō
    a lamb
    G721 · ἀρνίον