The Church Fathers on this verse

Luke 14:32Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Or else, while the other is yet afar off, sending an embassy, he desireth conditions of peace.

Douay-Rheims

ει δε μηγε ετι πορρω αυτου οντος πρεσβειαν αποστειλας ερωτα τα προς ειρηνην

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 10 commentaries

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

This parable instructs us to avoid being divided within ourselves and to detach from the flesh while holding fast to God. If we are to confront evil forces, we must regard them as adversaries and resist them through our actions. Sin, which governs our mortal bodies (Romans 6:12), assumes the role of a ruler when we permit it. Our minds can also become sovereign. Therefore, anyone determined to revolt against sin must engage it with their entire being, as its warriors are formidable and terrifying, appearing more numerous than we seem. The warriors of sin are demons, who, facing our ten thousand, seem to command an army of twenty thousand. They, being spiritual and contesting against our physical existence, appear to wield greater power.

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Nevertheless, we can stand firm against them, despite their seeming strength. For as it is written, "With God we shall have strength" (Psalm 59:14), and "The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? If a regiment encamps against me, my heart shall not fear" (Psalm 26:1, 3). Additionally, God, who took on flesh for our sake, has empowered us to confront all the enemy’s might (Luke 10:19). Thus, although we dwell in the flesh, we possess weapons that are spiritual rather than worldly (2 Cor. 10:3-4). Even when our bodily nature gives the appearance of being ten thousand against their twenty thousand, due to their spiritual essence, we proclaim, "The Lord God is my strength" (Hab. 3:19)!

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

What does this signify? Our struggle is not against mere humans, but rather against authorities, against powers, against the rulers of this world’s darkness, and against the evil spirits in heavenly realms. We face a multitude of other adversaries: the fleshly mind, the law that battles within us, various passions, the desire for pleasures, the cravings of the flesh, the yearning for wealth, and more. These are the foes we must confront; this is our untamed host of enemies. How can we achieve victory? By trusting that in God we will be courageous, as Scripture states, and He will bring down those who oppress us.

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With this assurance, one of the holy prophets declared: "Behold, the Lord is my helper; who will condemn me?" Likewise, the worthy David proclaims: "The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?" For He is our fortress, and through His aid we will overcome, for He has empowered us to tread upon serpents and scorpions and all the power of the adversary.

Endurance

Jesus provides two illustrations to encourage His followers toward unshakeable strength, instilling in those who seek grace a spirit of perseverance and steadfast dedication. Who among you, when planning to construct a tower, does not first pause to assess the expenses to determine if he possesses the resources to finish the task? If he lays the foundation but cannot complete the structure, those who observe will mock him (Lk 14:28-29). Anyone aspiring to lead a life of glory and integrity should carefully consider their intentions before taking action. They ought to remember the saying: ‘My son, if you come to serve the Lord God, prepare your soul for trials; manage your heart and remain unwavering (Sir 3:1-2).

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How can those who lack diligence expect to reach the objectives set before them? Or what king,’ He posits, ’as he prepares to engage in battle with another king, does not first reflect on whether he is capable of fighting with ten thousand against one who approaches him with twenty thousand? What is implied here? Our struggle is not merely physical but extends to the powers and authorities, to the rulers of the darkness of this age, and against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly realms (Eph 6:12). We also face a multitude of other adversaries, including the carnal mind, the law that stirs within us, various passions, the temptation of pleasure, the desires of the flesh, the yearning for wealth, among others. This array constitutes our formidable opposition. How do we achieve victory? We conquer by placing our faith in God, who is our strength, for as the Scriptures assert, He will vanquish those who afflict us.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

He did not intend this to convince those who refuse to engage in reconciliation with the adversary, as how could such a thing occur with a murderer at the helm? Instead, He draws upon this example as previously mentioned. Simultaneously, He seeks to expose the shame of those who become complacent after their commitment. Such language is meant to inspire strength, indicating that it is preferable not to begin a task than to complete it once it has been initiated. Furthermore, this discussion pertains to the genuine disciple. For anyone who has not give up all things, as Christ instructed, is not a true disciple (Luke 14:33). Lacking true discipleship, he merely carries the label while engaging in fruitless endeavors and thereby coexists peacefully with the adversary, seeking to please him.

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Therefore, dear brethren, what should we do if not this: recognizing our inability to confront a powerful army by ourselves, let us send an envoy to Him who is still distant and request His peace. The One who is remote is also the One who has not yet made His judgment known. Let us approach Him with our heartfelt pleas, our acts of compassion, and let us offer sacrifices of atonement upon His altar, acknowledging our inability to rival His authority. Let us reflect on His might and earnestly beseech Him for peace. This is the essence of our supplication that seeks favor from the impending King. Consider, dear brethren, the grace in His delaying His arrival despite having the power to compel us by the force of His coming.

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As we have mentioned, let us present Him with an envoy comprised of our tears, gifts, and sacred offerings. For the singular sacrifice from the holy altar, meant for our cleansing, intercedes for us with heartfelt sorrow, reminding us that He, who has risen from the dead and cannot die again, bears our suffering in His Sacrament. Each time we present Him with the sacrifice of His Passion, we renew His suffering for our purification.

Many of you, beloved brethren, might recall a story I wish to remind you of. Not long ago, it was known that a man was captured by his enemies and taken far into exile. After enduring a long imprisonment, his wife, due to not seeing him return, believed him to be dead. Each Sabbath, she diligently offered sacrifices on his behalf as though he had passed away. In fact, for every time she prayed and sacrificed for the salvation of his soul, so often did his chains fall from him in captivity. When he eventually returned, he recounted to his wife in astonishment that on certain days—each Sabbath—his chains had miraculously been released. Reflecting on those specific times, she realized her offerings corresponded with his freedom from bondage. Therefore, beloved brethren, consider the profound impact our sacrifices can have in loosening the chains that bind our hearts, especially when a single offering can liberate another from physical fetters.

Many of you also knew Cassius from the city of Narnien. He was devoted to offering daily sacrifices to God, typically not allowing a day to pass without presenting atonement on behalf of the Almighty. His way of living was deeply intertwined with his sacrifices. He distributed all he had as alms, and when he approached the altar, he bathed himself in tears reflecting his broken spirit. I learned about both his life and death from a reputable deacon who had once been his disciple. This deacon shared that one night, the Lord appeared to the presbyter in a vision, instructing him to inform the bishop to labor diligently; he would come to the Lord on the day of the apostles' martyrdom and receive his reward. The presbyter awoke but hesitated to reveal the prophecy due to its imminent fulfillment.

On the subsequent night, the Lord appeared once more, chastising him for his disobedience, reiterating the command. The presbyter awoke again but faltered in his resolve to share the revelation. Eventually, in a show of divine retribution reflecting the gravity of his refusal, the Lord appeared a third time, and the presbyter suffered violence, leading to a softening of his hardened heart. Consequently, strengthened by this discipline, he rushed to the bishop during the customary sacrifice at the tomb of St. Juvenal the Martyr, seeking a private moment to fall at his feet. When the bishop noticed the tears streaming down his face and inquired about their cause, the presbyter tearfully disclosed the disturbing revelations he had received. First, removing his garments, he exposed the bodily marks of the punishment he had endured, revealing his injuries that demonstrated the intensity of his suffering. The bishop, horrified at the sight, demanded to know who had laid such violence upon him. The presbyter clarified that he had borne this affliction for the bishop's sake.

As astonishment turned into fear, the presbyter, undeterred, disclosed the details of the vision, recounting the Lord's commands he had heard: 'Do what you do; labor as you labor; let not your foot fail; let not your hand cease; on the day of the apostles' martyrdom, you shall come to Me, and I will reward you.' The bishop, upon hearing this, entered into fervent prayer, and from the third hour until the ninth hour, extended his plea in heartfelt devotion. From that day forth, he multiplied his acts of piety and became fervent in his ecclesiastical duties, recognizing his accountability towards the promise given to him. Customarily, he journeyed to Rome every year on the day commemorating the apostles' martyrdom, but following the revelation, he chose to forego the journey. In those days, preoccupied with thoughts of his impending death, he became anxious for several successive years. Doubting the vision's truth, he remained unsettled until, in the seventh year, he arrived at the sacred vigil of the anticipated day of his passing, feeling a profound sorrow. On the day of his passing, he chose not to celebrate the solemn Liturgy for his waiting congregation. Yet, sensing their despair at the prospect of not being comforted by the Holy Sacrifice, he was moved to conduct the Liturgy in the bishop's chapel. With his own hands, he offered the Body of Christ and imparted peace to all.

During the entire duration of the Liturgy, he returned to his bed, observing his priests and fellow laborers, as if to offer his final exhortation. He urged them to maintain their loving unity and instructed them on how they should be united. Just then, in the midst of this holy encouragement, he suddenly cried out: it is time. Immediately, extending his hands towards those present, he provided them with the cloth customarily used to cover the faces of those passing. Having wrapped himself in it, he surrendered his spirit, transitioning from this life into eternal joy. To whom, beloved brethren, did this man, if not the One he had emulated in his life, mirror in his death? For as he declared, 'It is time,' he departed the body, similar to how Jesus, having fulfilled all things, proclaimed, 'It is finished!' and bowed His head to surrender His spirit (John 19:30). What the Lord achieved by divine authority, the servant enacted in compliance with His calling. This is the gracious peace that our ongoing supplication to the coming King, expressed through sacrifices, acts of mercy, and heartfelt tears, aims to bestow! Therefore, let anyone capable leave everything behind; and for those who cannot, let them still send forth a plea while the King is distant, presenting gifts of tears, alms, and sacrifices to Him. For He, whose wrath cannot be staved off, desires to be reconciled through our prayers. This very act prolongs His awaited coming and sustains our overtures for peace. For had He wished to do so, He would have already come to enact judgment upon His adversaries. Yet, He expresses how dreadful that coming will be but delays it, desiring to find none deserving of punishment.

Alexander Gorsky

19th centuryCommentator

The Lord disclosed this essential truth regarding the need for total self-denial to the people, articulating it clearly. This message was particularly vital since, while the Pharisees stood firmly against Him, the general populace was prone to follow their own misguided notions of the Messiah. Anyone unwilling to forsake all earthly ties for the sake of the Gospel, or to take up his cross for Christ, cannot truly be His disciple. Just as individuals typically assess the needed resources before embarking on a venture—considering their strength before engaging in battle, so as not to abandon their mission once begun—it is crucial to apply this approach in our present circumstance. Each person must reflect upon their capacity to make the sacrifices demanded by the kingdom of the Messiah.

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Only those who are prepared to do so will be recognized as His disciples. His followers are meant to be the salt of the earth; but if the salt loses its flavor, it will be cast aside. The Lord concluded this teaching by saying: He who has ears to hear, let him hear.

Bogolepow D.P.

19th centuryCommentator

This segment, following a historical introduction, initially provides a straightforward teaching on self-denial. Subsequently, it includes two parables: one concerning a man planning to construct a tower and the other regarding a king preparing for battle. Finally, it presents a saying about salt. The direct exhortation is articulated in nearly identical words in the Gospel of Matthew during a series of commands directed to the apostles as they were commissioned to evangelize. Given that the recipients of this guidance are identified differently by the Evangelists, it is likely that Christ reiterated these instructions to the broader audience after having shared them privately with the apostles.

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The parables illustrating self-denial are unique to Luke's Gospel, wherein their significance is clarified by Christ. He states that anyone unwilling to renounce their past attachments for His sake—which hinder a wholehearted dedication to Him—cannot be considered His disciple. Furthermore, the reference to salt is also found in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. While it is directed towards the disciples in those accounts, here it speaks to the general populace, designating them as salt. The Jewish people are recognized as salt in the same context as the apostles. However, the apostles serve as the salt of the earth, intended for all humanity, while the people of Israel have a specific role to be the salt for the Gentile nations, tasked with preserving true faith in the Savior of mankind and shining forth this faith globally. This mission can only be accomplished if they believe in the coming Savior and become genuine followers. This faith alone qualifies them as the salt among the Gentiles. If this salt is absent, one may question their purpose and readiness. Nevertheless, it can also be interpreted that at this conclusion of His teachings to the people, Christ turns to His disciples, emphasizing their need for self-denial as they serve as the salt of the earth.

Lopuchin A.P.

19th centuryCommentator

The unlawful pair, Herod and Herodias, found fleeting joy in their wickedness. However, such sinful delight is tenuous, and their unlawful union soon began to yield bitter consequences, tainting the remainder of the quartermaster's existence. The curse of a loveless relationship, decreed by the law for such transgressions (Leviticus 20:21), came to fruition in his life. Simultaneously, Aretas, the father of his repudiated spouse, observing the absence of repentance in his son-in-law, started to threaten him with war as retribution for the dishonor to his daughter. Consequently, Antipas had to exert considerable effort to prepare for conflict in case it could not be averted.

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Ultimately, his efforts were in vain, and the animosity escalated into outright warfare, leading to a humiliating defeat for the unfortunate king. He found himself needing to seek assistance from the emperor, retaining his throne only through the aid of Roman forces. It is possible that Christ alluded to this tumultuous period when He remarked, “What king, when he goes to war against another king, does not first sit down and consult whether he is strong enough with ten thousand to resist him who comes against him with twenty thousand? Otherwise, while he is still far away, he will send an embassy to him to ask for peace.”

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

Requesting peace serves as a characteristic used solely for the purpose of illustrating the parable and does not imply the genuine reconciliation with spiritual adversaries.

Paul Matwejewski

19th centuryCommentator

A commitment to Christ that involves self-denial, alongside the readiness to endure sacrifices and trials for His sake, holds profound significance and necessitates careful reflection and self-examination. Similar to arduous tasks in daily life—such as constructing a tall building or waging war against an adversary—these spiritual endeavors must only be pursued after thoroughly assessing available resources and strength. Who among you, wanting to erect a tower, would not first assess his assets before beginning the project, ensuring he has sufficient means to complete it?

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If he lays the foundation but ultimately fails to finish, everyone observing will taunt him, saying, “This man began to build and was unable to complete it.” Or what king, intending to engage another king in battle, would not first consider whether he is capable of confronting an army of twenty thousand while encountering twelve thousand at his own gates? If not, he would be wise to send messengers for peace. St. Basil the Great notes that the Lord's intention in these illustrations is not to compel us to abandon all our belongings—those that hinder our following of Christ—but to demonstrate the futility of trying to please God while being distracted by trivial pursuits that endanger the soul, leading it into contempt and ridicule for failing to fulfill what it aimed to achieve. In the Sermon on the Mount, the Savior referred to His followers as the salt of the earth (Mt. 5:13) and later encouraged them to have salt within themselves (Mk. 9:50), emphasizing that should salt lose its essential qualities, it becomes ineffective. In the same way, His disciples, lacking the commanded self-denial, cannot contribute to the moral renewal of a world engulfed in decay. Salt is good, but if it loses its salinity, with what will it be seasoned? It is fit neither for the soil nor for manures; it is thrown away. Let those who have ears to hear, listen.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 14 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. εἰ
    ei
    if
    G1487 · εἰ
  2. δὲ
    de
    but
    G1161 · δέ
  3. μή
    mē
    not
    G3361 · μή(γε)
  4. γε
    ge
    at least
    G1065 · μή(γε)
  5. ἔτι
    eti
    still
    G2089 · ἔτι
  6. αὐτοῦ
    autou
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  7. πόρρω
    porrō
    far
    G4206 · πόρρω
  8. ὄντος
    ontos
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  9. πρεσβείαν
    presbeian
    an embassy
    G4242 · πρεσβεία
  10. ἀποστείλας
    aposteilas
    I send forth
    G649 · ἀποστέλλω
  11. ἐρωτᾷ
    erōta
    I ask
    G2065 · ἐρωτάω
  12. τὰ
    ta
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  13. πρὸς
    pros
    to
    G4314 · πρός
  14. εἰρήνην
    eirēnēn
    peace
    G1515 · εἰρήνη