The Church Fathers on this verse

Matthew 16:23Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Who turning, said to Peter: Go behind me, Satan, thou art a scandal unto me: because thou savourest not the things that are of God, but the things that are of men.

Douay-Rheims

ο δε στραφεις ειπεν τω πετρω υπαγε οπισω μου σατανα σκανδαλον μου ει οτι ου φρονεις τα του θεου αλλα τα των ανθρωπων

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

12 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 16 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

For what wonder is it that this should befal Peter, who had never received a revelation concerning these things? For that you may learn that that confession which he made concerning Christ was not spoken of himself, observe how in these things which had not been revealed to him, he is at a loss. Estimating the things of Christ by human and earthly principles, he judged it mean and unworthy of Him that He should suffer. Therefore the Lord added, For thou savourest not the things that be of God, but the things that be of men.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

Peter received commendation for his accurate declaration about Christ, yet he was reproached for his unfounded fear and desire that Christ might avoid suffering. In response, Christ admonished him, stating, ‘Get thee behind Me, Satan!’ The term ‘Satan’ refers to the adversary. Thus, when He says, ‘depart from Me,’ He is indicating that Peter should not resist Him, but rather align with His purpose. Christ refers to Peter in this manner because the adversary sought to prevent His suffering. He explains, ‘You perceive, from a human perspective, that suffering is inappropriate for Me. However, you fail to recognize that God accomplishes salvation through it, rendering it profoundly honorable to Me.’

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Consider the insight provided in Matthew 16:18. Have you not yet grasped the purpose of My coming to this world? Just as I became an infant resting in a manger to bring joy to those entering existence, so too must I venture into the depths of hell to bring solace to the righteous souls who have awaited Me throughout eternity, longing for My presence. The prophets, in their yearning, have expressed, “and the righteous and kings have desired to see (Me)” (cf. Matt. 13:17), and "Abraham desired to see My day" (cf. Jn. 8:56). Therefore, I shall descend to witness this myself. Who else, but Satan alone, would resist leading Me to the Cross for the salvation of humanity? Hence, depart, for you have set your mind not on God's concerns, but on human affairs. The fishermen were unlearned men, their understanding not honed by prophetic discourse.

Jerome of Stridon

5th centuryChurch Father

We have often said that Peter had too hot a zeal, and a very great affection towards the Lord the Saviour. Therefore after that his confession, and the reward of which he had heard from the Saviour, he would not have that his confession destroyed, and thought it impossible that the Son of God could be put to death, but takes Him to him affectionately, or takes Him aside that he may not seem to be rebuking his Master in the presence of his fellow disciples, and begins to chide Him with the feeling of one that loved Him, and to contradict Him, and say, Be it far from thee, Lord; or as it is better in the Greek, ἵλεώς σοι Κύριε, οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο, that is, Be propitious to Thyself, Lord, this shall not be unto Thee.

But to me this error of the Apostle, proceeding from the warmth of his affection, will never seem a suggestion of the devil. Let the thoughtful reader consider that that blessedness of power was promised to Peter in time to come, not given him at the time present; had it been conveyed to him immediately, the error of a false confession would never have found place in him.

As much as to say; It is of My will, and of the Father’s will, that I should die for the salvation of men; you considering only your own will would not that the grain of wheat should fall into the ground, that it may bring forth much fruit; therefore as you speak what is opposed to My will, you ought to be called My adversary. For Satan is interpreted ‘adverse’ or ‘contrary.’

Maximus the Confessor

7th centuryChurch Father

Why does the Lord refer to Peter as Satan when He rebukes him? The Lord does not label Peter as Satan, as some might believe, merely to reprimand him. What the Lord experienced as loss has been transformed into gain for us; for instance, His death has become our life, and His humiliation has turned into glory for us. When the Lord announced that He would suffer, the Apostle Peter, thinking within the framework of worldly understanding, concluded that life could not be extinguished and glory could not be tarnished. Thus, the Lord rejected this mindset, for in the divine realm, one cannot seek the natural order of things. Through the interplay of contrasting ideas, He aimed to grant us life through His death and glory through His disgrace.

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Therefore, when the Lord said, "Get behind Me," He was effectively instructing Peter to follow His divine plan rather than attempt to comprehend it through human reasoning. The term Satan, which means adversary, was not used as an insult but rather to indicate an opposition to His purpose.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

He turned and addressed Peter, saying, "Follow me, adversary..." In Mark 8:33, it is noted that Christ, after gazing at His disciples, reproached Peter. He intended for the others to hear this admonition and gain insight, for they shared Peter's sentiments. Christ referred to Peter as an adversary, as he echoed Satan's desire to prevent His crucifixion. The enemy sought to thwart Christ’s death, hoping to render all foretellings of His sacrifice untrue and to ensure that the physical demise of Christ would not be a defeat of His divine authority, even while he incited the Jews to enact the Savior's death, ultimately falling victim to his own wickedness.

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Alternatively, we may consider this: since ‘Satan’ means adversary, Peter, in opposing Christ’s intention regarding His death, did not comply but rather resisted His divine purpose. Hence, the Savior declares to him, “Follow Me, adversary... You are My trial... By opposing My will, you become a barrier in My path.” He then clarifies the reason for this opposition, stating, “For you do not have in mind the concerns of God, but those of man.” Your thoughts stem from a lack of focus on transcendent matters; had you considered divine truths, you would find it fitting for Me to lay down My life for the world. But because your perspective is grounded in human concerns, you deem it unworthy for Me even to die. Notice also how the one who was recently praised is now criticized, to remind you to temper your boldness and recognize that the Savior is not lacking in compassion. He commended him when he spoke rightly, having received understanding from God, yet reproached him when he spoke from his own reasoning.

Irenaeus of Lyon

2nd centuryChurch Father

He then admonished Peter, who recognized Him as the Messiah based on human perspective, while rejecting the reality of His suffering.

Origen of Alexandria

3rd centuryChurch Father

While Christ was yet speaking the beginnings of the things which He was shewing unto them, Peter considered them unworthy of the Son of the living God. And forgetting that the Son of the living God does nothing, and acts in no way worthy of blame, he began to rebuke Him; and this is what is said, And Peter took him, and began to rebuke him.

As though Christ Himself had needed a propitiation. His affection Christ allows, but charges him with ignorance; as it follows, He turned and said unto Peter, Get thee behind me, Satan, thou art an offence unto me.

Yet the words in which Peter and those in which Satan are rebuked, are not, as is commonly thought, the same; to Peter it is said, Get thee behind me, Satan; that is, follow me, thou that art contrary to my will; to the Devil it is said, Go thy way, Satan, understanding not ‘behind me,’ but ‘into everlasting fire.’ He said therefore to Peter, Get thee behind me, as to one who through ignorance was ceasing to walk after Christ. And He called him Satan, as one, who through ignorance had somewhat contrary to God. But he is blessed to whom Christ turns, even though He turn in order to rebuke him. But why said He to Peter, Thou art an offence unto me, (Ps. 119:165.) when in the Psalm it is said, Great peace have they that love thy law, and there is no offence to them?

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It must be answered, that not only is Jesus not offended, but neither is any man who is perfect in the love of God; and yet he who does or speaks any thing of the nature of an offence, may be an offence even to one who is incapable of being offended. Or he may hold every disciple that sinneth as an offence, as Paul speaks, Who is offended, and I burn not?. (2 Cor. 11:29.)

Hilarius of Poitiers

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord, knowing the suggestion of the craft of the devil, says to Peter, Get thee behind me; that is, that he should follow the example of His passion; but to him by whom this expression was suggested, He turns and says, Satan, thou art an offence unto me. For we cannot suppose that the name of Satan, and the sin of being an offence, would be imputed to Peter after those so great declarations of blessedness and power that had been granted him.

Abbot Panteleimon about the Trinity

19th centuryCommentator

The Lord resisted this temptation with the same strength He had shown when confronting the tempter in the desert. When He turned, He faced all His disciples and, fixing a piercing gaze on Peter who opposed Him, stated, “Get away from Me, hide from My presence, SATAN, evil adviser! YOU ARE A STUMBLING BLOCK TO ME! Rather than being a foundation of faith, you present an obstacle, leading me astray from My Father's purpose because you disregard what is divine, focusing instead on mere human concerns! You fail to recognize that all these matters are taken care of by My Father and should unfold in a manner that respects human freedom.

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You assess things with a worldly perspective, believing that suffering brings disgrace to Me and is not a part of Christ’s experience, yet this is a fleshly way of thinking. If you had listened to My words, liberated from earthly thoughts by the Divine Spirit, you would comprehend that this path is indeed suitable for Me. You consider it beneath Me to suffer, yet I assert that this hesitation to allow Me to suffer derives from the adversary. Thus, the Lord reassures Peter by countering his fear with the fear of another kind. Our Savior, as St. Philaret explained, held the thought of His death with such gravity that for merely a reckless desire to dislodge this idea, He referred to the very friend He had named the rock of faith, to whom He entrusted the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, with the grave title of Satan! He perceived in His spirit the one provoking Peter to oppose Him, recognizing it was Satan aiming to prompt Him through Peter to forgo suffering—the only path to ascend to glory being the shameful way of the cross—and He firmly set aside this temptation. St. Chrysostom notes that similarly, when John thought it beneath Christ to baptize him, the Lord encouraged him to proceed, stating, “so it is fitting for us” (Matt. 3:15). Likewise, when Peter did not want his feet washed, Jesus insisted, “unless I wash thee, thou hast no part with Me” (John 13:8). In this case, by enlightening Peter through the fear of the contrary and through firm correction, He dispelled the fear that arose from the idea of suffering. Let all who are embarrassed by the sufferings of Christ on the cross take heed! If the foremost apostle, even when grasping only part of the truth, was called Satan for his shame of the cross, how will those who clearly reject the sacrament of the cross defend themselves? Jesus did not say, “Satan speaks through you,” but rather, “Get thee behind Me, Satan!” because the adversary sought precisely to prevent Christ from suffering. This is why He admonished Peter so sternly. Therefore, let no one feel ashamed of the glorious signs of our salvation, by which we live, and the initiation of all that is good, by which we exist. Let us wear the cross of Christ as our crown, for through it we receive all that we need. Thus, we diligently inscribe it on our homes, walls, doors, foreheads, and hearts. For the cross is the emblem of our salvation, liberation, and the mercy of our Lord who “was led like a sheep to the slaughter” (Isaiah 53:7). When you make the sign of the cross, embody the full meaning of it, suppressing anger and other passions. “You were bought with a high price” (1 Cor. 7:23), says the Apostle Paul, referring to the cross as that price. This sign must not be traced with a mere finger, but expressed with genuine intention and complete faith. When represented in such a way, no impure spirit can approach you, recognizing the sword that delivered the mortal blow. If we regard with reverence the places of execution, imagine how terrified the devil and demons must be when they see the weapon through which the Lord vanquished all their power and severed the serpent's head. That is why with the cross, the demons become powerless and fearsome no longer, death itself transforms from an end into a mere slumber. Through the cross, all that stands opposed to us is trampled and subdued.

Gladkow B.I.

19th centuryCommentator

Peter discreetly spoke to Jesus, drawing Him aside so the other apostles wouldn’t overhear. However, Jesus turned to all the apostles and, as noted by Mark the Evangelist, gazing at them, addressed Peter loudly enough for everyone to hear: “Get behind me, Satan, for you are a stumbling block to me, since you are focused not on what is divine, but on what is human. Are you suggesting that I should shun suffering and death? Remember, it was Satan who offered me the same counsel when he tempted me with the kingdoms of this world; you echo his words, which is why you stand as an adversary to me, just as he has. I have already rebuked him, and I must repeat to you: Depart from me!

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If you had regarded the suffering and death that await me as the fulfillment of my Father’s will, you would not view them as disgraceful, nor would you urge me to evade them. Understand that this is the will of My Father, and it must come to pass!”

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

“Get behind Me, Satan”: an emphatic display of disapproval regarding Peter’s remarks. Peter appears to reject the divine plan concerning the Messiah, who must endure suffering and death to redeem humanity, and Peter, in essence, attempts to steer Him away from this path. The Lord discerned the true origin of Peter’s thoughts, for the adversary sought to prevent Christ from suffering, and so He responded with authoritative and stern admonition. - “Satan” - the adversary, the deceiver, or ruler of the wicked, but herein the term signifies an unwise counselor offering ruinous advice that contradicts God’s divine intentions. - “Thou art a temptation to Me”: “by opposing My will, you become a hindrance to Me” (Euph.

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Sig.), since you wish to thwart that for which I was sent, aligned with God’s eternal purpose. - “Thou thinkest not of what is divine”: lacking consideration for what pleases God and His predetermined plans regarding the Messiah's suffering and death; “but what is human”: concerned with human reasoning, which implies that the Messiah, the Son of God, should not meet a disgraceful end but be the mighty earthly ruler the Jews anticipated - a victorious king. “Peter, swayed by worldly reasoning, deemed suffering as dishonorable and unkind for Christ. Therefore, penetrating his thoughts, the Lord asserts, ‘Suffering is not unbefitting Me at all; rather, your assessment is based on carnal reasoning. In truth, had you, with a divine mindset unclouded by earthly concerns, heeded what I have proclaimed, you would understand that it is fitting for Me. You perceive suffering for Me as lowly, yet I tell you: this notion of avoiding suffering for Me originates from the enemy.”

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 23 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. Ὁ
    ho
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  2. δὲ
    de
    but
    G1161 · δέ
  3. στραφεὶς
    strapheis
    I turn
    G4762 · στρέφω
  4. εἶπεν
    eipen
    to say
    G2036 · ἔπω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον
  5. τῷ
    tō
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  6. Πέτρῳ
    petrō
    Peter
    G4074 · Πέτρος
  7. Ὕπαγε
    hypage
    I go away
    G5217 · ὑπάγω
  8. ὀπίσω
    opisō
    behind
    G3694 · ὀπίσω
  9. μου
    mou
    I
    G1473 · ἐγώ
  10. Σατανᾶ
    satana
    an adversary
    G4567 · Σατανᾶς
  11. σκάνδαλον
    skandalon
    a snare
    G4625 · σκάνδαλον
  12. εἶ
    ei
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  13. ἐμοῦ
    emou
    I
    G1473 · ἐγώ
  14. ὅτι
    hoti
    that
    G3754 · ὅτι
  15. οὐ
    ou
    no
    G3756 · οὐ
  16. φρονεῖς
    phroneis
    I think
    G5426 · φρονέω
  17. τὰ
    ta
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  18. τοῦ
    tou
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  19. Θεοῦ
    theou
    God
    G2316 · θεός
  20. ἀλλὰ
    alla
    but
    G235 · ἀλλά
  21. τὰ
    ta
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  22. τῶν
    tōn
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  23. ἀνθρώπων
    anthrōpōn
    a man
    G444 · ἄνθρωπος