The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 101 (100):1Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

A psalm for David himself. Mercy and judgment I will sing to thee, O Lord: I will sing,

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר חֶֽסֶד־וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט אָשִׁ֑ירָה לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

11 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 12 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Once again, beloved, the holy prophet David beckons us toward spiritual melodies; he encourages us to sing a harmonious hymn in unity. Through the invocation of sacred and heavenly sounds, he uplifts our spirits with song. Inspired by the Holy Spirit and functioning as an enlightened instrument, he imparts the art of spiritual singing at all times. His intent is not simply to please the ear, but to offer spiritual joy and enrichment. His songs address not just the auditory senses but also reach into the depths of the soul with their discourse. Through his music, he educates us in truth and reinforces the soul’s path to salvation. When he sings, he is not concerned with the allure of words but aims to elevate the lives of those who join in the singing with valuable teachings.

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His melodies are neither worldly nor fleeting; rather, they are divine and spiritual, characterized by profound humility. In contrast, secular songs filled with trivialities irritate the ears and weaken the soul, inciting only destructive desires. Often laden with disgraceful language and immoral yearnings, these songs may please the singers but ultimately undermine the purity of the melody, dulling mental faculties and obscuring the nobility of the spirit. Conversely, spiritual songs inspired by the Holy Spirit guide the mind toward propriety in expression and modesty in thought, thus cultivating a respectful disposition in the soul. Engaging with the words, the soul responds and gains proficiency in the essence of spiritual music. If spiritual song holds such power and yields such transformative effects, let us ponder the prophetic song we hear today. What does it declare? "Mercy and judgement I will sing to Thee, O Lord!" This beloved hymn is profoundly beneficial and restorative, as it commences with both mercy and judgment. Mercy reflects the abundance of divine compassion, while judgment represents the gracious provisions bestowed upon us. Specifically, mercy denotes the grace extended to humankind—"glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, goodwill toward men" (Luke 2:14)—and judgment symbolizes the destined salvation prepared from on high: "whom He predestined, them He also called; and whom He called, them He also justified" (Romans 8:30). In His mercy, the good God has resolved to save those ensnared by sin. This is the prophet's proclamation, inviting us to express perpetual gratitude to God through this song: "Mercy and judgement I will sing unto Thee, O Lord!" The prophet may have also anticipated further meanings and, with the aid of the Holy Spirit, illustrated the future as if it were present. Observing the righteous judgment of God upon the unfaithful Jewish nation—since they rejected the proclamations of the law and the prophets, they faced rightful punishment for their disbelief and lost the promise granted in the law—he simultaneously acknowledges the Gentile nation saved by grace, through obedience and faith in the Lord. With a joyous and soothing voice, he extols the goodness of the Lord so that all might carry this song in their hearts and recall the Lord's graciousness. "Grace," he declares, "and judgement I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." It is also beneficial for us, dear friends, to constantly embrace this song, as it facilitates our gratitude toward God, our benefactor, while encouraging us to reform our lives, striving to fully engage with His mercy and judgement. He calls out for mercy and judgement in the midst of the earth, for "I desire mercy, and not sacrifice" (Hosea 6:6). Additionally, "Thus saith the Lord of hosts: Produce just judgement, and show mercy and compassion every one to his brother" (Zechariah 7:9; Jeremiah 9:24). If we walk in accordance with the Lord’s commands, we will also confidently proclaim the words of the song: "I will sing mercy and judgement unto Thee, O Lord." To support this understanding, beloved, consider the context of what is written. The Psalmist continues with the words: "I sing and think of the way of the pure: when wilt Thou come unto me?" (v. 2). Observe that after he had transformed his life and walked in righteousness, having found nothing corrupt or unclean in his ways and understanding all justifications, judgements, and the path of the law demonstrated through actions, he joyfully sings this song, reflecting on his deeds.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The mission of our Lord Jesus Christ focuses on restoration rather than condemnation. Had He come to judge first, He would have encountered no one deserving of the gift of righteousness. Recognizing that everyone has sinned and that no one escapes the bondage of sinful death, it was necessary to seek His grace initially, followed by His judgment. This is echoed in the psalm where it states, “Grace and judgment will I sing unto Thee, O Lord” (Psalm 100:1). The order of mention is significant; it is not "judgment and mercy" because if judgment were prioritized, mercy would be absent. Rather, it is mercy that comes before judgment.

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What does this preemptive mercy entail? The Creator chose to take on human form. He became the very being He created to ensure that humanity would not face destruction. What more could be added to such grace? Yet, He went further. It was not sufficient for Him to become human; He also subjected Himself to rejection by humanity. It was inadequate to merely face rejection; He relinquished His honor as well. Being stripped of honor was still not enough; He endured death. In fact, His sacrifice on the cross was the ultimate act of self-giving love. Therefore, when the Apostle speaks of His obedience even to the point of death, he elaborates, specifying that it was not just any death but “the death of the cross” (Philippians 2:8).

In this psalm, we should examine its entirety to unveil the truth found in the opening verse: "Grace and judgment I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." (Psalm 100:1) Let no one deceive themselves into believing they will escape punishment through God's mercy, for judgment also exists. Those who have undergone transformation for the better need not fear the Lord’s judgment, as mercy comes before it. Human judgment, often tainted with mercy, can act contrary to justice, appearing merciful yet lacking true justice; conversely, those seeking to enforce strict judgment sometimes exclude mercy. However, God possesses the ability to maintain the integrity of judgment alongside the fullness of mercy. If we perceive mercy and judgment as sequential, we find the current time to be one of mercy, with the future designated for judgment. Why is the time for mercy prioritized? Firstly, consider God's nature, so that you may emulate Him as He permits... He causes His sun to rise upon both the righteous and the wicked, and sends rain upon the just and the unjust. This exemplifies mercy. When you observe that both the just and unjust bask in the same sunlight, drink from the same waters, are nourished by the same rain, and share in the bounty of the earth, do not conclude that God is unjust for granting these blessings equally. This is a period of mercy, not judgment. Had God not first offered mercy, He would not have individuals to crown with judgment. Thus, it is a time of mercy when God, in His patience, beckons sinners to repent.

Consider how the Apostle differentiates the seasons of life, as he states: "Thinkest thou, O man, that condemns them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?" If one questions why they commit daily sins yet face no immediate repercussions, the Apostle reveals the time of mercy: "Do you despise the riches of His goodness and forbearance?" (Romans 2:4) This is indeed a time of grace. However, let not anyone presume it shall last indefinitely, as he subsequently warns, referring to the impending time of judgment. "But after your hardness and impenitent heart treasures up unto yourself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, who will render to every man according to his deeds." (Romans 2:5-6) Here, we see mercy and judgment intertwined. While judgment ought to instill fear due to punishment, it should also be desired by the righteous for the reward it entails. The Apostle, while warning the wicked, also offers hope regarding judgment to the faithful, showcasing himself as an example of the grace available in Christ. Given that Paul was previously a blasphemer, a persecutor, and violent, he acknowledges the mercy he received. Yet, his mercy was not without reason; he encourages that through him, Christ Jesus might demonstrate all long-suffering as an example for those who would believe in Him for eternal life. This signifies that Paul’s testimony serves as a declaration of hope for all sinners.

The righteous apostle reminds us that the Lord, the just Judge, will reward him on that day, and importantly, "Not to me only, but to all who love His appearing." (2 Timothy 4:8) Thus, dear brethren, we live during a time of mercy. We must not mislead ourselves into thinking God's mercy is eternally granted without heed... "I will sing to the harp, and gain understanding without fault. When You come to me." (Psalm 100:2) To sing correctly and comprehend Divine truths, one must seek to live righteously before God. What constitutes a blameless existence? "I walked in innocence in the midst of my house." This pathway of righteousness begins and concludes with innocence. Why complicate matters with excessive words? Simply be innocent, and you will attain righteousness… Who is innocent? The one who does not cause injury to another, nor to oneself. A person claiming innocence while indulging in personal corruption is false. A boastful soul may declare, "I've wronged no one, nor oppressed anyone; I will thrive on my possessions and enjoy feasting as I please.” Yet, if they neglect the welfare of their own spirit, can they expect to be merciful to others? Can one extend compassion while being unkind to themselves? Ultimately, righteousness boils down to the essence of innocence. He who is devoted to iniquity ultimately despises their own soul. When one loves iniquity, they may think they are harming others, yet in reality, they harm themselves since “he who loves iniquity hates his own soul.” Therefore, wishing to bring harm to another only serves to first harm oneself. True righteousness resides in innocence.

"I walked in the innocence of my heart, in the midst of my house." Within his house, he could mean either the Church, where Christ dwells, or his own heart, our inner sanctum. What is the essence of a pure heart? The one tainted by sin cannot remain there. An individual burdened by a guilty conscience is alienated from their own heart. Such persons cannot find peace within and seek fulfillment in external trifles that please the body. Why would they yearn for joy beyond their inner turmoil? Because true happiness is elusive without a clear conscience...

"No evil thing have I set before my eyes. Nothing evil have I loved." (Psalm 100:3) This intertwines with the declaration, "I hated those who do unfaithfulness." Let us heed this call. If you walk with Christ in the sanctity of your heart, or among the faithful, you must oppose those who defy God's law—those who hear yet do not obey. Hate not the individuals, but the disbelief that resides within them. Every man is crafted by God but may choose to embody unfaithfulness instead; cherish what God has made while striving against what they foster in defiance. In doing so, you combat their treachery while honoring the divine purpose of creation. "I have hated the treacherous."

"The wicked heart did not cleave to me." The heart aligned with God's desires is termed upright… A faithful heart follows God while a corrupt heart resists Him. When affliction befalls the wicked, they lament, "God, what wrong have I committed against You?" They seek justification for their actions, declaring God unjust. The irony lies in their hypocrisy; while deeming themselves just, they fail to see their own faults. Instead, correct your perspective and recognize God's righteousness. He is just while you err, and thus, you distort truth by labeling God unjust.

Who do you consider just? Yourself. By questioning God's silence in suffering, you claim your righteousness. Yet, God responds: "You have done nothing to Me; rather, you’ve wronged yourselves." If you did act for Him, your deeds would align with goodness. Whatever is done righteously serves Him, while evil only harms you, for the wicked act solely for their own gain, as their desires are not commanded by Him. In witnessing such individuals, brothers and sisters, kindly admonish them, guide them, and if possible, build them up.

"When the wicked departed from me, I did not recognize him." (Psalm 100:4) I did not approve of him, nor commend his ways, nor appreciate him. Scripture often uses "recognize" to convey "delight." In consideration of who is hidden from God's sight, does He not know both the righteous and the unrighteous? Rest assured, there is nothing He does not foresee. At the final reckoning, some will hear, "I never knew you; depart from Me, ye workers of iniquity." (Matthew 7:23) Did God truly lack knowledge of anyone? His declaration signifies disapproval rather than ignorance. In saying "I never knew you," He indicates a divergence from His path of righteousness. You do not share His ways, for He upholds the truth you have ignored.

"When the wicked departed from Me," signifies that those whose lives contradicted my example were neither willing to emulate my righteous path nor partake in the lives I offered as a model. I did not know them—this means I did not affirm them.

"Whoever secretly slandered his neighbor, him I persecuted." (Psalm 100:5) This indicates a righteous pursuit, targeting not the individual but sin itself. “With a proud eye and an insatiable heart, I did not feed.” To not partake means I refused communion with those engaged in sin. You must remain alert, dear friends, for something profound follows. Just as the Lord dined with sinners who were humble and recognized their need for salvation, He also interacted with proud Pharisees who disregarded His call for humility.

This Pharisee may have hosted Christ at his feast, maintaining pride while angrily distancing himself from a penitent sinner. He did not grasp that Christ’s company with sinners was a call to redemption, not an endorsement of pride. Should we deem Him as forbidding what He modeled? Christ invites emulation; we witness Him feasting with the proud—does He then forbid us from associating with the downcast? Should we refrain from breaking bread with recognized wrongdoers merely to exclude our brethren in their time of need?

If we cease fellowship in order to correct them, we may find ourselves sharing a table with outsiders instead. This notion, however, contradicts Paul’s guidance that one ought to "take notice of that man, and do not associate with him, that he may be ashamed; yet do not count him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother.” (2 Thessalonians 3:14) We often intercede for the sake of more significant reform, yet alas, we find ourselves dining with those who are devoid of godliness.

A godly heart has its feasts, while a proud heart revels in its own emptiness. The proud heart is insatiable; it feasts upon the misfortunes of others. As the Apostle cautions, “If ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another.” (Galatians 5:15) Therefore, keep your distance from such gatherings, for they savor the downfalls of the wicked. Beware, lest you find yourself ensnared among them like a bird in a trap, for the wicked indulge in self-destructive feasting, while the righteous yearn for sustenance from righteousness.

"Where did they feed you from? And what did you enjoy when he did not eat with you?" As stated, the faithful remain present in the world with a purpose: "My eyes were upon the faithful on earth." (Psalm 100:6) Their congregation signifies opportunity for righteousness. The faithful shall occupy thrones and judge the world, aligning with scripture’s declaration: "Do you not know that we shall judge angels?" (1 Corinthians 6:3) Whosoever walks uprightly serves not self, but the Lord.

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Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

A psalm of David. In this composition, David illustrates a person who has reached spiritual maturity, embodying a life aligned with God’s will, and instructs us on the lifestyle expected of those yearning for the eternal kingdom. I will sing of mercy and justice to You, O Lord. As I continually proclaim the blessings bestowed upon us, which I am aware of alone, may judgment prevail, meaning may righteousness be served; for the Lord has vindicated our struggle against our foes.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Let those who are remorseful and doubt their salvation experience grace; let those who are indifferent recognize it and understand, “The Lord is gracious; if we transgress, He will grant us forgiveness.”

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

A Psalm attributed to David. In certain lists, it is also noted that this psalm pertains to "the fourth Sabbath"; however, this addition does not appear in the Hebrew text, nor is it found among other interpreters or in the Septuagint. The essence of the psalm conveys the following: King Josiah eradicated all idol altars, executed the idol priests, and re-instructed the people in their former devotion. His concern extended beyond merely understanding the doctrines; he prioritized the flourishing of virtue, making just decisions, rewarding righteousness, assisting the wronged, and punishing wrongdoers, all for the welfare of his people.

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Foreseeing these qualities from a distance, the blessed David penned this psalm, illustrating the virtues of Josiah and showcasing the attributes of perfection for all mankind. "Mercy and judgment I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." Since the remarkable Josiah exemplified both compassion towards the afflicted and condemnation of the offenders, the Prophet characterized this account as a celebration of mercy and justice.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

A psalm by David. During the reign of King Josiah, many commendable deeds were accomplished, prompting David, through divine foreknowledge, to compose this psalm, which highlights Josiah's virtuous existence and serves as a model of excellence, as noted by Theodoret. This psalm can be viewed as a celebration and tribute to Christ, who is of David's lineage according to the flesh. In it, the psalmist illustrates an exemplary and pious individual leading a righteous life, offering guidance on how one should live in pursuit of the heavenly kingdom.

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With the intention to glorify divine attributes, the psalmist declares, "Mercy and judgement I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." He engages in song about God's mercy and judgement, acknowledging God’s compassion in our current lives and His role as judge in the age to come. Alternatively, one might reflect that divine mercy is inseparable from judgement, and judgement is tempered by mercy, as emphasized by Basil. In extolling these qualities of God, I will strive to mirror them, exhibiting mercy and executing judgement, echoing Eusebius.

Gregory the Theologian remarks that the virtuous person addresses Christ, the righteous judge, imploring that while we celebrate mercy, we must also acknowledge judgement. According to St. Basil, mercy is interwoven with judgement, softening its severity through abundant grace. For when one observes wickedness, who can withstand? God embodies both goodness and justice; righteousness entails recompense in accordance with one’s deeds, as stated, "Thou shalt do good, O Lord, to the good." However, the Lord will guide away those who wander into corruption along with those who commit wrong. He is compassionate but also a judge, as He delights in both mercy and judgement. Hence, the psalmist proclaims, "I will sing unto Thee, O Lord, mercy and judgement."

The Lord demonstrates both compassion and justice; thus, we should not interpret His nature superficially or let human frailty excuse negligence. Eusebius articulates that we sing of God's mercy and judgement to affirm that it is not peculiar for Him to first show mercy and then to judge, but rather to have mercy before enacting judgement, dispensing justice with compassion. Cyril asserts that God, as a merciful and just judge, has granted us His grace through Christ, justifying us by faith, forgiving our past transgressions, and rendering a just declaration upon us.

Isychias emphasizes the psalm’s intention to align our lives with righteousness, necessitating an awareness of judgement. By contemplating judgement, we are deterred from stumbling, kept vigilant through fear of terrifying consequences. However, as mercy precedes judgement, our judge remains merciful not only in his impending judgement but even at present, such that mercy pertains to this life while judgement awaits in the future. As we sing this, may we avoid despair in our sins, as well as any inclination to gloat over others.

John Cassian

5th centuryChurch Father

The individual who acquires wisdom not through mere contemplation of the law, but through the outcomes of righteous actions, resonates with the words of the Psalmist: 'By Thy commands I am disciplined' (Ps. 118:104). Having vanquished all unholy desires, he confidently proclaims, 'I will sing. I will meditate on the way of the pure' (Ps. 100:1-2). The one who sings recognizes that his song is for he who walks the path of righteousness with a sincere heart. Therefore, if you aspire to establish a sacred dwelling within your heart for divine understanding, you must cleanse yourself from the defilement of all passions and dissociate yourself from the distractions of this world. For a soul even mildly engaged in earthly entertainments cannot attain the gift of insight, cultivate spiritual aspirations, or maintain consistency in sacred study.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

In the psalm, the prophet and king David seeks to depict a ruler characterized by justice and compassion. He expresses, “I will sing mercy and judgement unto Thee, O Lord” (Ps. 100:1). Rather than stating, “I will sing of the King of mercy and justice,” he approaches it with humility, focusing on his own feelings and dispositions. He articulates his intention to sing of mercy and judgement, highlighting these qualities as distinct attributes he desires to embody and uphold. Acknowledging his limitations, he refrains from claiming these attributes for himself and thus turns to the Lord in prayer: “I will sing to Thee, O Lord.”

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

TITLE AND CONTENT. A Psalm of David. In this composition, David exemplifies what qualities a virtuous ruler should embody, both in evaluating himself and his subjects. SUMMARY. I will sing of mercy and judgement; to You, O Lord, I will make melody. This introduction indicates that David seeks to extol mercy and righteousness as essential virtues for sovereigns. He provides three reasons for this: firstly, to demonstrate that the commendable deeds of David, referenced in this psalm, are expressions of God’s mercy, ultimately affirmed by His justice. Secondly, to remind rulers that mercy and justice are virtues most esteemed by God, enabling them to be compassionate and fair rather than harsh.

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Thirdly, to encourage all individuals to rely on God’s mercy while respecting His judgement; their trust should not lead to obstinacy, nor should their reverence induce despair. I emphasize mercy first and judgement second because our present existence is one of mercy, while the coming age will focus on judgement. Therefore, it should not be surprising that in this era, God allows His sun to shine on both the wicked and the righteous and sends rain on the just and the unjust (Matthew 5:45).

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm, along with its title in the Hebrew, is attributed to David. It is widely accepted that he composed it shortly after becoming king, intending to outline the principles he would uphold in his governance under God. Specifically, he aimed to a) continually exalt the Lord by embodying those divine qualities fitting for an earthly sovereign—namely, mercy and truth; b) ensure personal integrity; and c) reject any form of injustice within his household and realm. While this interpretation aligns with the Hebrew text, it presents challenges when compared to the LXX and Vulgate versions, particularly regarding verse 25, which uses the past tense in a way that complicates its interpretation as future tense.

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Attempts to reconcile this are unsatisfactory when the psalm is viewed as a declaration of commitments, leading some, like Olshausen, to question the authenticity of certain phrases. In the LXX, David’s expression "When thou comest to me" implies that the psalm serves as a supplication, with verses 2 and others acting as the rationale for his petition. If we consider that David penned this during a period of distress, shortly after his reign began and following the transfer of the ark to Zion, the psalm's message becomes clearer. The psalmist vows to extol the Lord for His steadfast love and righteousness. Here, mercy should not be understood in the human context of mutual compassion, nor judgment merely as adherence to human law; rather, David seeks to celebrate God’s enduring mercy, which he has experienced profoundly, anticipating its manifestation again through deliverance from his current hardships, alongside the impending divine justice to be meted out upon his adversaries.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

The Psalm that the Holy Spirit revealed to David highlights the goodness and justice of God Almighty. In this proclamation, the prophet expresses gratitude for the guidance provided to the sovereign, enabling him to embody the virtues of mercy and justice, which reflect the grace and judgment of Christ the Lord. For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, the Savior, to humanity, granting Him authority to execute judgment so that the world may find salvation through Him (John 3:16; 5:27). The mercy of God patiently awaits the repentance of sinners, while His judgment rightly inflicts eternal consequences. God took on flesh, uniting divinity and humanity, renewing and sanctifying mankind, conquering sin, the curse, and death. Through the Cross, He established the earth upon the waters of many. In Christ is the embodiment of the new creation.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.