The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 112 (111):8Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

His heart is strengthened, he shall not be moved until he look over his enemies.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

סָמ֣וּךְ לִ֭בּוֹ לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־יִרְאֶ֣ה בְצָרָֽיו׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Another translator, Symmachus, describes a heart that is unwavering, signifying readiness. This conveys that nothing can destabilize him or tether him to earthly matters; he is entirely focused on God, rooted in hope, consistently anchored in faith, and remains unaffected or distracted by temporary concerns. The burdens of daily life tend to occupy the mind and scatter one's focus. Therefore, we must emphasize once more the words of the Gospel, “For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” “His heart is steadfast, he shall not be afraid.” Consider a person who has established their home upon solid rock. What does he have to fear, unencumbered, prepared, and giving no one grounds for attack? What can threaten one who enjoys God’s grace and favor?

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Thus, he stands secure on all fronts, receiving assistance from above and peace from below; nothing can unsettle him, not loss of wealth, not scorn, nor defamation; nothing can harm one who has transitioned from earth to heaven, to a realm beyond the grasp of all malice and deception. It is well known that all deceit arises from greed and is aimed at avarice, and all human worries are directed toward it. “Until he sees the destruction of his enemies.” And who are his enemies if not the wicked spirits and the adversary himself?

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

I hope, dear friends, that you have taken note of the title of this Psalm and have it memorized. The call for attention is directed towards Haggai and Zechariah, who prophesied after these lines were composed. Their declarations concerned the rebuilding of the temple, just as had been predicted ages prior. The temple of the Lord is sacred, and it is you who form that temple, as stated in 1 Corinthians 3:17. Therefore, anyone dedicated to constructing this spiritual edifice, aspiring towards a lasting and holy structure, like a living stone emerging from the desolation of this world, comprehends the essence of this Psalm and the significance of Haggai and Zechariah's appeal.

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Let such a person articulate the subsequent verses, not merely with spoken words but through the entirety of their life. The culmination of this construction will lead to the profound realm of wisdom, where the beginning is the reverence of the Lord; thus, let those strengthened by this message commence from that foundation.

Blessed is the man who reveres the Lord; he will find immense joy in His commandments, as expressed in Psalm 110:1. The Lord, who judges with perfect justice and mercy, will assess how faithfully one follows His commands, for life on earth is a testing ground, as Job 7:1 reminds us. The true Judge, however, is the Lord, as noted in 1 Corinthians 4:4. He will evaluate the benefits each individual gains from abiding by His commandments, and those who cherish the serenity of building together will take delight in them; they need not lose hope, for peace shall prevail on earth for those of good will, as noted in Luke 2:14.

Continuing on, "His seed shall be mighty upon the earth," as stated in Psalm 111:2. The Apostle affirms that the acts of mercy sow the seeds for future blessings, echoing his words: "Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest," found in Galatians 6:9. He reiterates that "The one who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly," from 2 Corinthians 9:6. What could demonstrate greater strength than the fact that not only did Zacchaeus secure the kingdom of heaven with half of his wealth, as seen in Luke 19:8, but a widow achieved the same for only two small coins (Mark 12:42), suggesting equal inheritance for all? What can be more powerful than the reality that this kingdom is equally precious to both the affluent and to the needy, exemplified by a mere cup of cold water?

"Glory and wealth shall be in his dwelling," declares Psalm 110:3. His home is his heart, where he abides in richer treasures found in the praise of God and the hope of everlasting life, in contrast to those who reside amidst marble palaces adorned with lavish decor, where the specter of eternal death lingers. His righteousness is everlasting; observe His glory, for therein lies true wealth. Meanwhile, the luxurious banquets of others, even if they are sumptuous, will eventually fade; their fleeting pleasures lead only to the tormenting thirst for the tiniest relief, as illustrated in Luke 16:24.

For the righteous, a light shines in darkness, as promised in Psalm 110:4. The godly justly direct their hearts toward God, seeking to align their wills with His, devoid of arrogance or self-sufficiency. They remember their past in darkness but now walk in the light of the Lord, as stated in Ephesians 5:8. The Lord God embodies mercy, compassion, and justice. While His mercy brings joy, His justice can be daunting. Yet, do not fear or dismay, blessed man who reveres the Lord and delights in His commandments; act with kindness, mercy, and generosity. The Lord judges without mercy those who show none, as stated in James 2:13. Conversely, "Blessed is the man who is gracious and lends," from Psalm 111:5, for he will not be dismissed by God as lacking sweetness. "Forgive, and you will be forgiven; give, and it will be given to you," as asserted in Luke 6:37-38. In forgiving, you receive forgiveness; in giving, you lend. Although all acts of kindness in assisting others are deemed charitable, there is a distinct value in forgiving those who have wronged you, fostering mutual forgiveness of sins.

Those unwilling to assist the needy pursue wealth; heed the word that promises treasure in heaven as found in Matthew 19:21. Your integrity is not compromised by forgiving, for triumph over anger is commendable. You will not become poorer by giving; rather, heavenly riches represent a more secure treasure. The previous verse's assertion of wealth and abundance in his house resonates powerfully here.

Thus, one who engages in these deeds must carefully choose his words. His actions will sound as his defense during the Judgement, which will surely favor him, for he has extended favor to others. He will not be shaken, as affirmed in Psalm 111:6; those called to the right hand will hear, "Come, you blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world." Only acts of mercy will be referenced in that moment. So shall he hear, "Come, you blessed of my Father," as the upright generation will be praised. The righteous will be remembered forever. No ill news shall instill fear in him; his heart remains steadfast and trusts in the Lord, as noted in Psalm 111:7. He will not fear the words addressed to those on the left: "Depart into everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels," from Matthew 25:34, 41. Therefore, one who seeks not his own interests but those of Jesus Christ, as stated in Philippians 2:21, perseveres through suffering with patience, holding onto faith in the promised blessings. He remains unbroken by temptation; his heart is unwavering until he sees the final outcomes for his adversaries, as noted in Psalms 111:8. His enemies seek to witness earthly goodness, while we long to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living.

It is a profound achievement to maintain a steadfast heart, unshaken amidst the joy of those who delight in what is visible, while scoffing at those who hope for the unseen, which the Lord has prepared for those who love Him, as stated in 1 Corinthians 2:9. The value of the unseen is immense, accessible at the highest cost any individual might bear. For this reason, he modestly shares with the needy, as noted in Psalms 110:9; he has not seen yet has attained treasure in heaven, having satisfied the hunger and thirst of the poor on earth. His righteousness endures eternally, safeguarded by the One who created time. His humility, once scorned by the proud, will be exalted with glory.

The wicked shall observe and be filled with rage, as expressed in Psalm 111:10; this is the remorse that comes too late and yields no fruit. Against whom does he express his anger but himself, lamenting, "Our pride! What benefit has it brought us? Our egotism has been of no value," as depicted in Wisdom 5:8. Their exalting reputation may contrast with the humble who gave to the needy. They will grind their teeth in despair, filled with anguish, for there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. They will no longer flourish or bear fruit as they might have, had they repented timely; instead, they shall repent only when wicked desires fade, and comfort will be absent. The longings of the wicked perish, akin to shadows fleeting away, as highlighted in Wisdom 5:8-9, like flowers fading upon the withering grass. But the word of the Lord remains forever, as affirmed in Isaiah 40:8; what was derided by the vanity of the falsely content will become evident in the demise of those who genuinely suffer.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

His heart is prepared to have faith in the Lord. However, Simmachus chose to translate 'ready' as firm, indicating a steadfast and unwavering belief in God, which allows him to ignore such rumors. His heart will be strengthened; he will not be afraid until he sees his adversaries. He not only remains fearless in the face of those who oppose him, but through his trust in God, he anticipates their downfall.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

His spirit is prepared to place its faith in the Lord. His heart will remain steadfast, free from fear. Symmachus interprets this as a heart that is unwavering. He states that the heart of the righteous, who shows mercy, is firm and unshakeable in its hope in God: this heart believes that with divine assistance, it will triumph and secure salvation, free from the dread of any harm. Chrysostom observes how he establishes his foundation upon solid ground: what does he have to fear who is unencumbered and light, and poses no threat? What fear can he have, who has a merciful and gracious God, when there is no charge or reproach against him? For he possesses nothing that could bring him harm; he has transitioned from this earthly life to the realm of heaven, a place impervious to malevolence.

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You understand well that all deceptive schemes are motivated by greed. He does not dwell on the threats from those who oppose him. The adversaries of the righteous and merciful are demons. Thus, the heart of this merciful individual remains steadfast, and it will not perceive the demon adversaries in the trials they face, which, according to Chrysostom, they must endure; he is not fearful, for even if his enemies stumble and fall, he will not be afraid following their downfall. David, having expressed something that remains uncertain and prone to fluctuation—that the righteous shall not fear until his enemies have fallen—neglects to mention the subsequent truth, which is that the righteous shall also remain fearless after their adversaries have fallen. This is a characteristic of Scripture, which frequently employs the indefinite form as we have previously observed.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The seventh state of blessedness for one who reveres the Lord lies in the steadfast and secure safeguarding of God. In this assurance, the believer remains untroubled by the uncertainties of life. Amidst every trial and threat, their heart finds immediate solace in God, always prepared to place its trust in Him. This faith is so deeply rooted that there is no risk of turning away; hence, even in the face of foes, the believer stands fearless, especially when witnessing their adversaries overcome and subdued.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm, which follows an alphabetical format similar to its predecessor, may have been composed by the same author as Psalm 110. It extols the happiness of the righteous individual who observes all the divine commands (v.1), particularly the command to actively love one’s neighbor (vv.5, 6, and 9). In the face of judgment, he will find his words and actions accounted for. He is assured of a significant and blessed lineage (v.2), as well as enduring joy (v.3). The truth remains steadfast, and his righteousness persists forever, bringing joyful consequences that impact his descendants for eternity. In times of trouble and sorrow, the Lord stands as his helper (v.4b).

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The metaphor of darkness represents turmoil, while light symbolizes salvation and bliss (Psalm 96:11; Isaiah 58:7, 8; 60ff.). The Lord, in His mercy, rises to him as a beacon in the shadows (Isaiah 60:1-3). Thus, all goes well for him; he remains unfazed by his accusers and foes (v.5) and fears nothing, as his faith in God strengthens him, allowing him to ultimately conquer all adversaries (vv.6-8). He gazes with delight upon those who fall. The horn symbolizes strength; it grows and is cultivated in the struggle against enemies, triumphing in glory over them. Meanwhile, as the righteous man experiences favor due to his compassion and virtue, the wicked, consumed by jealousy and wrath, will witness the collapse of their schemes (v.10).

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

Haggai and Zechariah are not the authors of this psalm; rather, it is David who composed it. They came long after his time, serving as prophets who guided the people of Israel through this psalm to instill within them a reverence for their Savior God. Their aim was for the people to remain rooted in righteous virtues, consistently praising Him with joy and heartfelt gratitude for their liberation from Babylonian captivity. This is why their names appear at the head of this psalm. Just as Haggai is associated with joy and Zechariah with the remembrance of God, every faithful individual who learns the virtues embedded in this psalm should continually uphold the reverence of God.

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With a heart full of thankfulness and joy, they ought to sing the solemn praises of God for their release from the bondage of sinful Babylon, achieved through the true Messiah, Christ the Lord, the Savior of all humanity. The fear of God is the pathway to virtue and a means of turning away from ungodliness; one must fear God, who is zealous for His law. The Seed of Christ encompasses all the saints, strong in the land of the living, while the generation of the righteous consists of those who follow the will of God.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.