The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 115 (113):9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The house of Israel hath hoped in the Lord: he is their helper and their protector.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל בְּטַ֣ח בַּיהוָ֑ה עֶזְרָ֖ם וּמָגִנָּ֣ם הֽוּא׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

After ridiculing the foolishness of idols and the delusion of those who place their faith in them, the prophet then shifts his focus to the exaltation of God, proclaiming, ‘The house of Israel trusted in the Lord; He is their helper and defender. The house of Aaron trusted in the Lord; He is a helper and a defender for them. Those who fear the Lord have trusted in the Lord; He is a helper and a defender for them.’ Through these declarations, he illustrates God's might and His unmatched supremacy over all. In recounting the acts performed among the Jewish people, he highlights the multiple ways God has shown His goodness: firstly, by liberating them from demons; secondly, by revealing knowledge of Himself to them; and thirdly, by providing His assistance.

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He addresses Israel, the priestly lineage, and those who approach Him from the Gentiles separately, acknowledging that there is a distinction between priest and layperson, with the former possessing a certain privilege; hence, this division is warranted. Indeed, the priests are endowed with greater honor. Furthermore, in emphasizing that God's providence is not limited to the Jews alone, he also includes the converts from the Gentiles, affirming that God's help and blessings are available to all.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Jordan River, upon the crossing into the promised land, was halted above by a dammed flow when touched by the feet of the priests who bore the ark. While water continued to flow into the sea below, it stood still until all the people had crossed, and the priests remained on dry land. (Joshua 3:15-17) We are aware of this, yet in the Psalm we have just sung with a Hallelujah, we must not suppose that the Holy Spirit intends for us to reminisce about past events in a way that ignores their ongoing significance. The Apostle reminds us that these instances serve as examples. (1 Corinthians 10:11)

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When Israel left Egypt and the house of Jacob came out from a foreign land, Judah became His sanctuary, and Israel His realm. The sea saw this and fled, the Jordan turned back. (Psalm 112:1-3) It is important not to view historical events as merely past, but rather to acknowledge their prophetic nature; the miracles experienced by this nation suggest both a present reality and a foretelling of what was to come. The Psalmist articulates this with varied emphasis, making clear that we should understand these accounts not just as recollections but as foreshadowings of future truths. Notably, we hear not of the Jordan merely receding but being halted at the source of its streams, and instead of mountains leaping, we find an expression of vibrant joy in the creation's response to God's majesty. (Psalm 113:4-6)

Let us ponder the lessons here, as these occurrences were symbolic for us, urging self-reflection. Holding tightly to God’s grace, we become the new Israel, the offspring of Abraham, as affirmed by the Apostle, who notes our identity as inheritors of the promise. (Romans 9:7-8) No believer should feel estranged from the name of Israel since we are complemented by the foundational faith shared with believing Jews, including our foremost apostles. Our Lord remarked that He had other sheep not of this fold, foreshadowing a unified flock under one Shepherd. (John 10:16) The Christian community embodies Israel, and thus reflects the house of Jacob; however, some Jews, having betrayed their call, forfeited their birthright for worldly desires, their true descendants instead aligning with Esau, as elucidated in the wisdom that declares the elder shall serve the younger.

Egypt often symbolizes tribulation or oppression within this world from which we are called to spiritually depart, avoiding the burden of unbelief. (2 Corinthians 6:14) Each one who desires citizenship in the heavenly Jerusalem must first renounce worldly ties, paralleling how the Israelites could not enter the promised land without Divine intervention to escape Egypt. Likewise, no one can turn their heart away from worldly pursuits without the grace of God’s mercy. This typology finds fulfillment in the life of every faithful believer engaged in the daily endeavors of the Church, particularly in this present age, as noted by Blessed John. (1 John 2:18)

Observe how the Apostle, the progenitor of the Gentiles, enriches our understanding by informing us that all our forebears were under the cloud, passing through the sea, unified in baptism into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, partaking of the same spiritual sustenance and drinking from the spiritual rock, which is Christ. However, many became discontent in their trials in the wilderness. (1 Corinthians 10:1-6) What more can we desire, dear brethren? This knowledge, grounded in the Apostle's teachings – the very words of God – confirms that the allegories of old have been accomplished in our salvation; past events are now read with understanding, while the present reveals ongoing truths.

Moreover, the prophet Micah proclaims that during the exodus from Egypt, wonders shall be revealed. Thus, although this psalm recounts historical marvels, its prophetic spirit also gazes toward the future. Judah serves as His sanctuary; the sea saw and fled, actions clearly grounded in the past, yet they hint at future truths. Even centuries after they departed, the prophet testifies that he speaks of forthcoming events. In the era of your exodus from Egypt, wonders will be shown, with nations witnessing and being confounded. The Psalm reflects this reality: the sea fled from its pursuit, symbolizing the sins that sought to destroy us, but these are washed away in Baptism, reminiscent of Egypt's drowning. Our Lord, who does hold back His wrath forever due to His goodness, will welcome us back, casting our transgressions into the depths of the sea.

Beloved, remember that if you identify as Israelites through Abraham's lineage, heirs of the promise, you too have emerged from Egypt as you have renounced worldly attachments. By proclaiming godliness, you have distanced yourselves from the blasphemies of the nations. It is not your own voice, but rather that of the foreigner, who fails to honor God in whom you sing Hallelujah. For Judah has become His sanctuary in you; true Jewish identity lies not in external forms but in the inward reality of the heart’s circumcision. (Romans 2:28-29) Reflect on whether your faith has truly circumcised your heart and cleansed your conscience, for in you Judah is His sanctuary and Israel is His realm. You are afforded the privilege to be called sons of God. (John 1:12)

Do not seek to mirror the ways of the Jordan or to tempt fate with evil actions. The Lord rebukes those who turn their backs on Him. (Jeremiah 2:27) Anyone who forsakes their source, turning away from their Creator, risks slipping into worldly depravity. It is therefore beneficial for such an individual to reconsider their path so that the God they have neglected may guide them back; let the sea of earthly desires fall behind, overshadowed by the pursuit of what lies ahead, which brings renewal after repentance. (Philippians 3:13)

Let the earth tremble before the Lord, before the God of Jacob. (Psalm 113:7) What does it mean to be in the presence of the Lord if not to acknowledge His constant companionship, as He assured: “Behold, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world.” (Matthew 28:30) The earth trembles at this reality; it is the result of complacency that calls for divine strength amidst the awe of God's presence.

He who transforms solid rock into flowing water and flint into bubbling springs (Psalm 113:8) embodies divine grace, refreshing those who believe, serving as a wellspring leading to everlasting life (John 4:14). Before knowledge of Him was revealed, He seemed unyielding, leading many to ponder, “This is a hard saying; who can hear it?” (John 6:60) However, in His resurrection, He clarified the Scriptures to His followers, demonstrating that He must experience His suffering, (Luke 24:26-27) and subsequently sent the Holy Spirit, inviting those who thirst to come to Him and drink. (John 7:37)

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The people of Israel placed their faith in the Lord. This is how the nations express it; just as God delivered Israel, who had faith in Him from the beginning, He will now bring salvation to the Gentiles. For those who revere the Lord are indeed among the Gentiles.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The house of Israel, having faith in the living God, has consistently reaped the rewards of His sustenance. The Prophet highlighted this separately, thereby honoring the priesthood and instructing those of that time on the unique role that priests held in contrast to others.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

The Jewish people, he asserts, have not placed their faith in the Lord without purpose, for the Lord supports and defends them. Here, he categorizes the Jewish community into the general populace of Israel, the priestly lineage, and the Gentiles. He refers to the house of Israel as the common Israelites, placing them first due to their vast numbers; the house of Aaron is designated as the priestly lineage, since Aaron served as the first priest and the foundation for subsequent priests; finally, he identifies the Gentiles who revere the Lord, those who have embraced the Jewish faith and therefore, according to Athanasius, are marked by their reverence for God.

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Chrysostom points out that in this discourse, he differentiates between Israel, the priestly lineage, and the Gentiles coming to Him. The distinctions between the priest and the common person highlight that while they belong to different categories, the priest holds a superior position. Didyma notes that everyone among the discerning, possessing a mind that perceives God, constitutes the house of Israel and forms the church of the living God. Theodoret emphasizes that even one who lacks the priesthood and does not trace their lineage to Israel, but who is adorned with virtue and the fear of God, will share equally in God's care.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The Prophet conveys a significant encouragement, urging the children of Israel to reject idols and to place their trust in the one true God, so that He may serve as their support and shield. He first addresses the house of Israel, representing all the Hebrew people, then mentions the house of Aaron, referring specifically to the priestly and Levitical lineage, and lastly includes all individuals who show reverence for God. It is important to note that alongside the children of Israel, there were others who honored and revered God, such as Job and his companions, along with Nehemiah the Syrian and others.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

A profound hymn of adoration towards God, in which the prophetic leader recounts the miraculous deeds of the Almighty, guiding the Israelites from Egypt to the land promised to them. The hymn calls upon God to reveal His divine majesty to illuminate those ensnared by the shadows of idolatry, that humanity may earnestly worship the one true Almighty God, their Creator, who has liberated them from sinful Egypt into the joyful service of Christ the Lord, forever worthy of praise as the authentic God. Judea represents confession while Israel signifies the understanding of God. All who profess Christ, the rightful God, and have faith in Him, emerge from the bondage of sinful Egypt into the grace of Christ, hailing from the lineage of Judah.

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The sea and the Jordan symbolize the individuals who, witnessing Christ's grace, returned from unrighteousness to the holy faith and were eager to receive baptism. Creation itself bowed and retreated, recognizing the Leader and granting passage to Him, so that the Jews understood that God's might is universal. The mountains represent prophets, while the hills stand for apostles, rejoicing in Christ the Lord who desires to redeem humanity. The sea yielded to God's power, parted by the transient people of Israel. The Jordan reversed its flow when the sacred covenant was entrusted to them, foretelling the Lord's baptism. Among all the rivers on earth, Christ performs the sacrament of baptism in the Jordan, which consists of two springs, Porus and Dan, converging to form a river flowing not into the living sea but into the Dead Sea. The Jordan symbolizes our mortal existence. The mountains are the angels, and the hills are the beloved of God, rejoicing in Christ, the Savior of the world. Humanity—the earth—moved by the good news of the Gospel, shifts from sin to repentance. The goodness of Jacob, descended from Abraham, along with patriarchs and prophets, proclaim the message of Christ as He leads them from the depths of the underworld.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.