Psalm 18 (17):39Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

As David acted solely under God's direction and was devoid of any biases, it is crucial to recognize that his statements do not reflect a bloodthirsty or violent nature but reveal someone dedicated to fulfilling the divine mission entrusted to him. David's remarkable meekness is evident in his reluctance to spill even a drop of blood unless it was absolutely necessary to carry out his God-given responsibilities. Therefore, we must first acknowledge David's stature, followed by his zealousness, which remained untouched by human biases.

It is also important to note that the enemies referenced here are those who, through their unyielding rebellion, have drawn God's judgment upon themselves. Just as David mirrored Christ, he did not inflict punishment indiscriminately but targeted only those individuals who had hardened their hearts beyond human reach. David’s actions reveal that his greatest kindness lay in sparing those who showed genuine repentance, much like Christ, who welcomes those who turn to Him in humility while delivering justice to the unrepentant with unwavering strength. The essence of the text conveys that David, fighting under God’s protection as one divinely appointed, acted on divine commands, sought help from above, and not only bravely resisted all foes but also routed formidable forces. The phrases “I will reap,” “I will comprehend,” and “I will not return” refer not to what is yet to come but rather to previous events, as indicated by neighboring verses. In the same way past events are described in place of the future—as when ‘you have widened’ replaces ‘you will widen’—the future tense could likewise be construed in the past. However, maintaining the integrity of the original Greek and Slavonic translations necessitates interpreting these verbs as they are, leading to the understanding: “Thou hast widened my steps beneath me, and hast not let my ankles falter.” With this surge of hope, I resolved to confront my adversaries and to triumph. And as I declared, so it came to pass: “Thou, O Lord, hast equipped me with strength for battle; Thou hast brought down all who rise against me.” The phrase “Thou hast equipped me with strength” signifies that victory over foes is not secured through weaponry, swords, or armor but rather through the power bestowed from above. Thus, it is not the one who supplies a soldier with a sword and armor who ensures victory, but rather the one who grants him fortitude and protection. Scripture frequently employs similar phrases, as seen in Psalm 64:7-8: “girded with strength, troubling the depths of the sea”; Isaiah 51:9: “Thou shalt put on the strength of Thy arm”; and Psalm 92:1: “The Lord put on strength, and girded Thyself”; and in Luke 24:49: “Sit in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.” The subsequent phrase “And my enemies have given me a backbone” conveys similar meaning, indicating that Thou hast chased my foes away, as it is characteristic of those who retreat to turn their backs. We must remain mindful of the kind of battle God has called us to engage in, the nature of the enemies He has set before us, and the armor He provides us for this purpose.