The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 35 (34):10Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

All my bones shall say: Lord, who is like to thee? Who deliverest the poor from the hand of them that are stronger than he; the needy and the poor from them that strip him.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

כָּ֥ל עַצְמוֹתַ֨י ׀ תֹּאמַרְנָה֮ יְהוָ֗ה מִ֥י כָ֫מ֥וֹךָ מַצִּ֣יל עָ֭נִי מֵחָזָ֣ק מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָנִ֥י וְ֝אֶבְי֗וֹן מִגֹּזְלֽוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Who can adequately express the significance of these words? They are meant to be proclaimed rather than explained. What is it that you seek? What resembles your Lord? He is right in front of you. The wicked offered me fleeting pleasures, but not in accordance with Your commandments, O Lord. The oppressors insisted, ‘Bow to Saturn, bow to Mercury.’ But I refuse to worship idols, for who is like You, O Lord? They possess eyes yet cannot see; they have ears but do not hear. Lord, who is like You, who has fashioned an eye to see and an ear to hear? I will not worship the idols crafted by humans. Should I venerate a tree or a mountain—were they not also formed by a worker? And again, I ask, Lord, who is like You? You are the Creator of the earth, and worldly things are laid before me.

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Perhaps they would have me venerate the moon or the sun, which illuminates the day like a great lamp in the heavens. Yet, I boldly proclaim, Lord, who is like You? You created the moon and the stars; You made the sun to govern the day and brought forth the heavens as well. There are many unseen wonders that surpass earthly creations. Nevertheless, I may also hear, ‘Bow before the angels, bow before the angels.’ Yet once more, I respond, Lord, who is like You? Even the angels You have formed are nothing without Your presence. It is far better to possess You alongside them than to worship them and drift away from You.

O Body of Christ, Holy Church, let every part proclaim, Lord, who is like unto Thee? Even if the flesh falters under persecution, let your bones declare, Lord, who is like unto You? Of the righteous it is written, "The Lord keeps all their bones; not one of them shall be broken." How many righteous have suffered broken bones in persecution? Ultimately, the righteous shall live by faith, and Christ shall justify the ungodly. But how does He justify anyone if not the one who believes and confesses? For "with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation." Therefore, that thief, though he was taken from his crime to the judge, and from the judge to the cross, was justified on the very cross: he believed in his heart and confessed with his mouth. For the Lord did not say to any unrighteous man who lingered in his sin, 'Today you shall be with me in paradise,' but rather his bones were broken. When the soldiers came to remove the bodies due to the approaching Sabbath, they found the Lord already dead, and His bones remained unbroken. Those who survived had their legs broken so that they would die from the agony and could be buried. Did one criminal who persisted in wickedness on the cross have his bones broken while another who believed in his heart and confessed with his mouth for salvation did not? Where is that which was proclaimed, "The Lord shall preserve all his bones; none of them shall be broken," save within the body of the Lord, where the term 'bones' is attributed to all the righteous, steadfast in heart, strong, unyielding to persecution or temptation, refusing to consent to wrongdoing?

Who rescues the poor from the hand of the mighty? Who delivers the needy from the oppressor? Who is the Deliverer if not the One who is powerful? Even that David will save the poor from the mighty. The devil was too strong for you and held you captive when you yielded to him. But what did the Strong One do? No one can enter the house of a strong man to plunder his belongings without first binding him. By His own Divine Power, the Most Blessed and Glorious One bound the devil, shedding all chains to block his path and deliver the poor and needy who had no helper. For who is your Helper but the Lord, to whom you declare, Lord, my Strength and my Redeemer? If you rely on your own strength, you will ultimately falter in your hopes; if you look to another, he will dominate you and offer no aid. Thus, seek only the One who redeemed you, who set you free, who shed His blood to liberate you, and who, from His servants, made you His siblings.

Basil the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Within the inner being, we can envision bones that serve to uphold the connection and structure among the mental faculties. Just as bones, with their solid nature, protect the fragility of the flesh, so too within the Church are members who, through their steadfastness, support the frailties of the weak. Moreover, as bones are united by fused veins and connections, the bonds of love and peace can foster a similar cohesion among the faithful in the body of Christ. When these bones, sustained by the Lord, maintain their integrity, none shall be broken; rather, they grow worthy of glorifying God. “All my bones,” declares the Psalmist, “say, Lord, Lord, who is like unto Thee?” Do we not perceive that bones possess even a voice?

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Perhaps the Church will echo this sentiment: “all my bones shall say,” pointing to the Sacrament of the Resurrection. It is written: “Behold, the Lord says to these bones: behold, I will put my Spirit into you, and I will give you tendons, and I will cover you with flesh... and you shall live, and shall be revived, and shall know that I am the Lord” (cf. Ezekiel 37:5-6). These bones, having been infused with life and giving thanks to the Resurrector, proclaim, “Lord, Lord, who is like You?”

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

All of my bones will proclaim, Lord, Lord, who is similar to You? You rescue the afflicted from the grasp of their oppressors, and deliver the needy from those who seek to exploit them. You will not permit the weak to be overwhelmed by the powerful; rather, You will hold back the latter and provide assistance to the former.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

He refers to the members of the body as bones, but conveys heartfelt gratitude to God from the depths of the soul through them. Alternatively, when considering bones in relation to the soul, one could interpret them as steadfast thoughts that protect it, as noted in Psalm 33:21: "The Lord protects all their bones." David characterizes himself as a beggar, compelled to flee and lacking life’s essentials, isolated from all human assistance. He likens the leaders of Saul's army, who were affluent and accompanied by many soldiers, to the strongest figures. He repeats the term beggar, adding the word wretched to highlight his profound inadequacy, using these humble expressions to implore God for mercy.

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Ultimately, he refers to them as plunderers, reflecting their intentions and aspirations, as they aimed to seize everything he possessed. Basil the Great suggests that the Church might echo this sentiment in relation to the mystery of the resurrection, as indicated in God’s promise to the bones: “Behold I will put into you the spirit of life, and will give you veins, and will make flesh upon you, and you shall live, and shall know that I am the Lord.” Thus, these bones, having received life from Him who raised them, will proclaim: "Lord, Lord, who is like You?" Cyril interpreted bones to mean the Apostles, who, scattered during His suffering, were reunited after His resurrection.

Cassiodorus the Senator

6th centuryChurch Father

Steadfastness of spirit It is clear that bones should not be interpreted as possessing sensation and voice, but rather as a representation of steadfastness of mind and resolve of spirit. These qualities can be likened to bones, as just as bones uphold the body, so do they strengthen the commitment to holiness. Therefore, it is the firmness, rather than fragility, that expresses this profound truth: for it is unattainable to declare such a song unless anchored in steadfastness of mind.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

When the sacred awareness of God’s presence graced the Divine Psalmist, he realized that every aspect of his being, even the tiniest part, was not influenced by his own actions or those of others, but wholly dedicated to receiving and proclaiming God’s glory: “All my bones say, ‘Lord, Lord, who is like You’” (Psalm 34:10). If, dear Christian, your thoughts are solely focused on God, your heart is entirely in pursuit of Him, and your senses reflect only these spiritual stirrings, then rejoice: your spirit is being lifted, and soon, perhaps, you will witness the very throne of God.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In these two verses, David expresses his commitment to give thanks to God once he finds himself fully liberated from those who bear witness against him. He indicates that while many may attribute his deliverance to luck, bravery, or various circumstances, his soul—which encompasses his thoughts and life—will rejoice in the Lord. It will celebrate and exalt the salvation that he has received through God's grace. Furthermore, not just his soul, but his entire being, including every part of his body, even the deepest regions like his bones that feel nothing, will exult in joy. If they possessed voice and sensation, they would proclaim: Lord, who is like You? For no one in heaven or on earth compares to You in strength, mercy, wisdom, or kindness.

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You are the One who mightily and compassionately rescues the afflicted from the grasp of a foe far mightier than they, a foe who threatens not just their possessions but their very lives. It is important to understand that these expressions convey the notion of perfect joy and happiness, filling the entire person with complete and sincere delight. Often, a man's spirit may rejoice while his body suffers, leading to incomplete joy; conversely, when the body experiences joy, the spirit may feel weak. However, when the Lord heals all our ailments and fulfills our desires for good, the whole person is enveloped in indescribable joy, rejoicing before the Lord, so that every part of them, even down to the marrow of their bones, acknowledges: Lord, who is like You? A similar sentiment is echoed in Psalm 62:2, where it states, My soul longeth for Thee, and my flesh longeth for Thee.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

The faithful are the very bones of Christ: His flesh is made of their substance. The apostles, along with all of God's beloved, constitute the bones of the Holy Church, serving as a solid bastion for it. Filled with joy over the resurrection of Christ, they magnified their Lord across the world. The unfortunate Adam was stripped of God's grace due to his transgression, yet for his benefit, Christ, the Lord of the humble, chose to enter into poverty in order to restore him to grace. The forces that preyed upon Adam were demons, while it was the unholy Jews who sought to exploit Christ. By the Divine will's might, Christ liberated Himself from their grasp, thus redeeming Adam and all of humanity from the clutches of evil.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.