The Church Fathers on this verse

1 Peter 1:19Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unspotted and undefiled

Douay-Rheims

αλλα τιμιω αιματι ως αμνου αμωμου και ασπιλου χριστου

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

11 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

We are God's creation, but through sin we became servants of the devil. Then the Savior redeemed us, who had surrendered ourselves to the devil, by His Blood. That is, "you were bought with a price" (1 Cor 7:23). We have been redeemed by precious Blood. An honorable and good master of a house may judge an unworthy servant, who has committed many offenses, unfit for his good house and common life. He hands him over to another to teach him. Then, when he sees him punished by a harsh master and saying, "I will go to my first master, because it was better for me then than now," he restores him to honor and redeems him. He does this so that he may become a special people, περιούσιος λαός. So also God restores us. How then are we His possession and not His possession?

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As creatures, we are His possession. But as those who became alienated through sin, we are not His possession. Do not think that you are God's possession if you become a sinner. Then the devil acquires you. You are his possession. The man of sin, the son of perdition, buys you not with precious blood, but with dishonorable blood. He buys you with sin. He buys you with adultery, because he is not pure. He buys you with murder, because he is a murderer: "a murderer from the beginning, and he does not stand in the truth" (Jn 8:44). This is his custom.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

Scripture distinguishes a twofold fear: one initial, the other perfect. Initial fear, which is also foundational, consists in this: someone turns to an honorable life out of fear of accountability for his deeds. Perfect fear consists in this: because of perfect love for a friend, and zeal for the beloved, someone fears lest he remain indebted to him in anything required by strong love. An example of the first, that is, initial fear, is found in the words of the Psalm: "Let all the earth fear the Lord" (Ps 32:8). This means those who care nothing for heavenly things, but only busy themselves with earthly things. For what will they have to suffer when the Lord rises to crush the earth (Is 2:19, 21)?

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An example of the second, that is, perfect fear, may also be found in David, for example in these words: "Fear the Lord, all you His saints, for there is no want to those who fear Him" (Ps 33:10). And again: "The fear of the Lord is pure, enduring forever" (Ps 18:10). The Apostle Peter persuades those who listen to him to live in this perfect fear. He says: by the ineffable mercy of God the Creator, you have been received among His children. Therefore let this fear always be with you, since you became such by the love of your Creator, not by your own works. The Apostle uses many arguments in his persuasion. First, he persuades by the fact that the Angels take sincere and living part in our salvation. Second, he persuades by the sayings of Holy Scripture. Third, he persuades by necessity. For whoever calls God Father must necessarily do what is worthy of that Father, in order to retain the right of adoption. Fourth, he persuades by the fact that they have received countless good things through the price paid for them, namely the Blood of Christ, poured out as a ransom for the sins of men. Therefore he commands them to have this perfect fear as a companion throughout the whole time of life. For those who strive for perfection always fear lest they lack some perfection. Note. Christ said that the Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son (Jn 5:22). But the Apostle Peter now says that the Father judges. How is this? We answer with the words of Christ Himself: "The Son can do nothing of Himself, unless He sees the Father doing it" (Jn 5:19). From this is also seen the consubstantiality of the Holy Trinity, the perfect identity within Her, and Her peaceful and undisturbed harmony. "The Father judges" is said without distinction, because everything that someone says about one of the three Persons must be referred in common to all of Them. On the other hand, since the Lord also calls the Apostles children (Jn 13:33), and says to the paralytic, "Child, your sins are forgiven you" (Mk 2:5), there is no inconsistency if He too is called the Father of those whom He has regenerated by communicating holiness to them. "There are two fears: one initial, and the other perfect. One belongs, so to speak, to those beginning to be pious. The other is the fear of the perfect saints, who have attained to the measure of perfect love." Abba Dorotheus, Soul-Profiting Instructions and Letters, 4.

Gregory the Theologian

4th centuryChurch Father

He is called Lamb (1 Pet 1:19), as one perfect.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Therefore you owe the price for which you were bought. Even if He does not always demand it, you still owe it. So buy Christ for yourself, not with what few possess, but with what all have by nature, though few offer it out of fear. What is your own is what Christ asks back from you. He gave life to all, and for all He accepted His own death. Pay, in the name of the Giver, what you are going to pay according to the law. The price of this covenant is high; not all easily see Him.

Maximus the Confessor

7th centuryChurch Father

Question 60. Christ, as a spotless and pure Lamb, foreknown before the foundation of the world, but manifested in the last times for us (1 Pet 1:19-20): by whom was He foreknown?

Answer. The word of Scripture called the mystery of Christ by the name Christ. The great Apostle, clearly bearing witness to the same thing, says, "the mystery hidden from generations, but now revealed" (Col 1:26).

By this he means the mystery of Christ, or the mystery according to Christ.

This mystery, as is evident, is the ineffable and incomprehensible hypostatic union of Godhead and humanity. By the very principle of hypostasis, it brings humanity in every way to identity with the Godhead and forms from both a composite hypostasis.

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Yet it in no way diminishes their essential and natural difference. Therefore, as I have said, one hypostasis of these natures comes into being, and their natural difference remains unharmed.

For this reason, even after the union, the number of the given natures, though united, is preserved without diminution.

When the process of union brings absolutely no alteration or change upon those united, then the essential logos of each of the two united natures remains unharmed.

And in beings whose logos of essence remains unharmed even after union, the natures also remain wholly undamaged. Through the union they lose nothing that belongs to them.

For it befits the Creator of all, Who according to the divine economy became in nature what He was not, to preserve unchangeably both Himself, as He was by nature before this, and what came into being by economy in nature.

For in God no change can be observed. Nor can any movement be conceived in Him, through which change occurs in created beings that are set in motion.

This is the great and hidden mystery. This is the divine end for whose sake all created being came into existence.

This is the divine purpose conceived by God before the beginning of beings. We define it thus: it is the end forethought by God, for whose sake all created things exist, while it itself exists for the sake of none of them.

With this end in view, God brought into being the essence of all beings.

This is, in the proper sense, the limit of Providence and of the creatures for which He provides. According to this limit, all beings created by Him are recapitulated in God.

This is the mystery embracing all ages. It reveals the super-infinite and great Counsel of God, which existed before the ages without end or limit. Its Messenger was the very essential Word of God, become Man.

It revealed, if one may speak so, the deepest ground of the Father's Goodness. It showed in itself the End for whose sake, as is evident, creatures received the beginning of their being.

For through Christ, or through the mystery according to Christ, all the ages and all that is within the ages received both the beginning and the end of their being.

Before the ages, God had conceived the union of limit and infinity, measure and immeasurability, boundary and boundlessness, Creator and creation, rest and motion.

This union was manifested in Christ at the end of the times and fulfilled the Foreknowledge of God. Its purpose was that things moved by nature should ever abide around that which is unmoved by essence.

Yet they should abide there after wholly departing from motion with respect to themselves and to one another.

This also took place so that rational beings might receive by experience the active knowledge of Him in Whom they were deemed worthy to abide. This knowledge is unchangeable and always identical with itself.

It grants them spiritual delight in the One Who is known.

Scripture knows a twofold knowledge of the Divine. One is relative, since it abides in reason alone and in contemplations. It does not possess an active perception of what is known, acquired through experience.

By this knowledge we are guided in the present life.

The other knowledge is truly real and active, and is acquired only through experience, beyond reason and contemplations. By grace and participation, it grants a whole perception of the One Who is known.

Through this, in the future heavenly inheritance, we shall receive supernatural deification, acting without interruption.

Relative knowledge, which abides in reason and contemplations, is said to be the moving principle of striving toward knowledge by participation and action.

This latter knowledge, which through experience and participation grants perception of what is known, in turn removes the knowledge that abides in reason and contemplations.

Wise men say that understanding concerning God cannot coexist with the experience of God, nor can thought concerning Him coexist with the perception of Him.

By understanding concerning God I mean the proportionate, knowing contemplation of Him that arises from beings. By perception I mean the experience of supernatural goods that depends on participation in them.

By thought I mean the simple and singular knowledge concerning God that arises from beings.

Perhaps the same can be observed in all other things. When there is experiential consciousness of a certain thing, understanding concerning it ceases. When the thing is perceived, thought concerning it becomes inactive.

By experience I mean active knowledge that surpasses every understanding. By perception I mean participation itself in what is known, which is beyond every thought.

The great Apostle seems to teach this mystically when he says, "whether prophecies, they will cease; whether tongues, they will be silent; whether knowledge, it will be abolished" (1 Cor 13:8).

He is speaking of the knowledge that abides in reason and contemplations.

This mystery was foreknown before all ages by the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit: by the Father according to good pleasure, by the Son according to self-operation, and by the Holy Spirit according to cooperation.

For there is one knowledge in the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, because there is one essence and one power.

It cannot be said that the Father or the Holy Spirit did not know the Incarnation of the Son. In the whole Son, Who through the Incarnation Himself accomplished the mystery of our salvation, the whole Father was essentially present.

The Father was not Himself incarnate, but He was well pleased in the Incarnation of the Son. Likewise the whole Holy Spirit was essentially present in the whole Son.

The Spirit was not Himself incarnate, but He cooperated with the Son in His Incarnation for our sake.

Whether one calls this Christ or the mystery of Christ, only the one Holy Trinity possesses essential foreknowledge of it: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Nor should one be perplexed as to how Christ, being one of the Holy Trinity, is foreknown by the Trinity. It is known that He was foreknown not as God, but as Man.

That is, what was foreknown was His Incarnation according to the divine economy for the salvation of man.

For the Ever-Existing One, Who proceeds in a manner beyond cause and beyond reason from the Ever-Existing One, is never foreknown. Foreknowledge concerns only that which has the beginning of its being through some cause.

Christ was foreknown not in what He was in Himself by nature, but in what He later became for us according to the divine economy.

For it was necessary that He Who is truly by nature the Creator of the essence of beings should Himself become the Self-Worker of the deification of creatures by grace.

Thus the Giver of being would also appear as the Bestower of eternal well-being.

Since none of the beings possesses knowledge of its own essence or of the essence of another, none of the beings, of course, possesses by nature foreknowledge concerning what will some day be brought into being.

The exception, of course, is God, Who is beyond beings. He both knows Himself in His essence and possesses foreknowledge concerning the existence of everything created by Him before it is brought into being.

Moreover, in the future God will honor beings with knowledge by grace concerning what they themselves and others are by essence. He will also reveal to them the principles of their being brought into existence.

These principles preexist in Him in a unified manner.

Some assert that Christ was foreknown before the foundation of the world by those to whom He later appeared at the end of the times. They suppose that they existed before the foundation of the world together with the Christ foreknown by them.

We reject this teaching as foreign to the Truth, for it presents the essence of rational creatures as coeternal with God.

It is absolutely impossible for someone to be with Christ as He is, and then at some time be wholly separated from Him. This is so if the completion of the ages takes place in Him.

In Him the rest of those in motion is attained, through which there will never again be any change of beings.

The word of Scripture called Christ pure and spotless because, in His nature, He is wholly foreign in soul and body to the corruption that arose through sin.

For His soul had no disgrace of vice, and His body had no stain of sin.

Clement of Alexandria

2nd centuryChurch Father

The apostle touches upon the ancient Levitical and priestly celebrations, yet he indicates that the soul is made pure through righteousness given by God.

Maximus of Turin

5th centuryChurch Father

Therefore, if the price of our life is the blood of the Lord, understand that what has been redeemed is not so much this frail corruption of the earth as the eternal wholeness of the whole world.

Beda Venerabilis

7th centuryChurch Father

The greater the price by which you have been redeemed from the corruption of fleshly life, the more strongly you ought to fear lest, by turning your soul toward the seduction of vices, you thereby offend your Redeemer.

Ivanov A.V.

19th centuryChurch Father

"From your vain manner of life handed down from your fathers." Here, by the vain manner of life handed down from the fathers, the apostle evidently means the former pagan life of his readers who had been converted to Christ. The state of men before conversion is compared with the state of slavery. One could be freed from slavery by a ransom. From slavery to a vain life we were redeemed by the blood of the spotless Lamb, Christ. The image of the lamb serving as the means of ransom, and of the ransom itself, is taken from the Old Testament ordinances. These required all firstborn males of men and animals to be dedicated to God, or redeemed by means of a lamb (Ex 13:12-15; Lev 12:6). And all Christians are firstborn; compare Jas 1:18.

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryChurch Father

"With the precious Blood of Christ." Redemption was accomplished by the death of Jesus Christ, and precisely by a death violent on the part of men, a death with the shedding of Blood. This death with the shedding of Blood was a propitiatory sacrifice for the sin of the whole world. This was typologically signified in the Old Testament sacrifices, where the shedding of the sacrificial animal's blood was a symbol of reconciliation between God and the one offering sacrifice. Why blood in particular was needed for propitiation and reconciliation is a mystery inaccessible to explanation. The Apostle Paul says only that, according to the law, almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness (Heb 9:22).

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When forbidding the Hebrews to eat the blood of animals, God spoke to them through Moses: "The life of the body is in its blood, and I have given it to you for the altar, to make atonement for your souls. For this blood makes atonement for the soul" (Lev 17:10; cf. Lev 17:14). Therefore in the New Testament it is often said that the redemption of the world was accomplished precisely by the Blood of Christ, that is, by its shedding (cf. Rom 3:24-25; Rom 5:8-9 and others). Christ says that He came to give His soul for the redemption of the world (Mt 20:28). This points to the same sacrificial meaning of His death, in which blood had to be shed. This redeeming Blood of Christ is precious, in contrast to corruptible silver and gold in verse 18. It is precious because it is the Blood of the Sinless One, the Blood of the God-man, the Blood that reconciles all mankind with God. "As of a spotless and pure Lamb." This is a comparison of Christ as sacrifice with the sacrificial lamb that prefigured Him, especially the Paschal lamb (cf. Jn 1:29). In this comparison the Old Testament prophets also portrayed the suffering Messiah, especially Isaiah in chapter 53. The Paschal lamb, like every sacrificial lamb, had to be spotless (Ex 12:5; Lev 4:32; Lev 3:6; Lev 22:19-20 and following). Christ, as the spiritual sacrificial Lamb (1 Cor 5:7; Jn 19:36), was perfectly pure and spotless, that is, sinless. He shed His precious Blood for the sins of the world.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryChurch Father

The strict judgment threatening careless sinners is entirely just. Their carelessness and negligence concerning a holy life are less excusable the higher the price of Christ's sacrifice offered for our sins. Before this sacrifice was offered, people lived the vain life handed down from the fathers. That is, they lived without hope of salvation, inheriting by natural birth the ancient condemnation for transgressing God's commandment in Paradise. They then increased this inheritance by personal sins. A sacrifice was needed to propitiate God, one that could fully satisfy the divine justice which had condemned the sinner to a vain life, fruitless for salvation. In Old Testament times, spotless lambs without bodily defects were offered in sacrifice to propitiate the Lord.

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But these sacrifices had meaning only because they served as a prefiguration of the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ, Who poured out His Blood for us on the Cross. Only this sacrificial Blood was fully sufficient for our redemption, because the One Who shed it is the spotless and most pure Lamb. All men are corrupt and impure in the moral sense. Not one of them could give the price of deliverance, not only for others, but even for himself. Christ alone, being sinless, could redeem sinners by His Blood, taking their guilt upon Himself. The price of this Blood in God's eyes surpasses the price of silver and gold as much as eternity surpasses time. Incorruption surpasses all corruptible things, including precious metals, which are destined to perish together with the earth (v. 18). Glory to the boundless mercy of the Lord toward sinners, redeemed by so costly a price. But woe to those who, although they know the greatness of Christ's sacrifice, despise this mercy and continue to live a vain life worthy of eternal condemnation. The Blood of Christ, poured out for them, cries out against them and demands vengeance like the blood of Abel. One cannot remain hardened with impunity in the sins for which so precious a sacrifice was offered.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 9 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. ἀλλὰ
    alla
    but
    G235 · ἀλλά
  2. τιμίῳ
    timiō
    of great price
    G5093 · τίμιος
  3. αἵματι
    haimati
    blood
    G129 · αἷμα
  4. ὡς
    hōs
    as
    G5613 · ὡς
  5. ἀμνοῦ
    amnou
    a lamb
    G286 · ἀμνός
  6. ἀμώμου
    amōmou
    blameless
    G299 · ἄμωμος
  7. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  8. ἀσπίλου
    aspilou
    unstained
    G784 · ἄσπιλος
  9. Χριστοῦ
    christou
    anointed
    G5547 · Χριστός