The Church Fathers on this verse

3 John 1:11Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Dearly beloved, follow not that which is evil: but that which is good. He that doth good is of God: he that doth evil hath not seen God.

Douay-Rheims

αγαπητε μη μιμου το κακον αλλα το αγαθον ο αγαθοποιων εκ του θεου εστιν ο κακοποιων ουχ εωρακεν τον θεον

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 7 commentaries

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

"For he who does good," he says, "is from God." He encourages him even more by disapproving Diotrephes, who does not wish to act in this way.

Since light has nothing in common with darkness, and there is no agreement between Christ and Belial (2 Cor 6:14-15), one enlightened by the knowledge of Christ must not, by imitating the ungodly, be mingled with darkness, that is, with their foul deeds.

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For just as the one who does good is from God and has perfected the eye of his mind by the light of His knowledge, so that he has wholly become light, sees the true light, God. And becomes a luminary in the world for others, holding the word of life (Phil 2:16), so also one who does evil, walking in darkness, cannot himself see God, that is, do what is pleasing to God. Nor can he be a guide for others. He is hateful and repulsive to all.

Dionysius the Areopagite

1st centuryChurch Father

If anyone, seeing God, understood that he had seen Him, he would understand that he had not seen Him, but something among existing things that belongs to Him and is understood. He Himself abides above mind and essence. It is altogether foreign to Him either to be known or to exist.

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

When a farmer sows his seeds in the ground, a foolish man, not knowing the fruit that comes from seed, laughs at him. He thinks the farmer is destroying his seeds in vain by casting them into the earth. But the farmer hopes that the seed cast into the ground will bring him a greater fruit than what is sown, and so he does not cease to sow.

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Foolish and senseless people act in the same way. When they see that a Christian disperses his property and gives to the poor, they laugh at this, thinking that he is destroying his possessions. These people think that only that property does not perish which is spent on what is visible, on the vanity and whims of this world. Therefore they themselves spend their possessions not on almsgiving but on fleshly lusts, and they laugh at those who disperse and give to the poor.

Laugh, man, laugh. But afterward you will weep bitterly and lament. You do not spare thousands or hundreds for your daughter's dowry, for building and adorning rich houses, for costly wines and sumptuous tables, for garments of silk and fine linen, for carriages and horses, for hunting dogs, and for other whims. Yet for Christ, who suffered and died for you, and who so loved you, His enemy, that He did not spare even Himself for your sake, you begrudge giving even a ruble or a half-ruble. I say, for the sake of Christ, so great and exalted a Benefactor to you, you begrudge giving even from His goods, which have been given to you. For whatever good we have is His. "The earth is the Lord's, and all its fullness" (Ps 23:1).

Reason in this way, and you will certainly grieve and weep. But if you do not grieve and weep now, then at the Second Coming of Christ and on the day of recompense you will grieve and weep, but too late and uselessly.

Lazy peasants and revelers see farmers gathering the fruits of their sown seeds and rejoicing in them. They themselves mourn and grieve, seeing nothing in their own hands, because they did not labor and did not sow. Therefore they gather no fruit and remain without hope of sustenance.

So also Christians who love luxury, and revelers, at the end of the age and the resurrection from the dead, when the Christian harvest will come (Mt 13:30), will then be put to shame and confounded. They will weep and lament when they see good Christians reaping the fruits of their seeds, while they see themselves barren and in utter poverty.

Then they will truly know that wealth spent on whims and luxuries perishes, and casts the one who spent it into destruction. But wealth placed in the hands of the poor and needy for the name of Christ is preserved, and is returned far better and with great increase.

"Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy" (Mt 5:7). The wretched unmerciful will be deprived of mercy, "for judgment is without mercy to one who has shown no mercy" (Jas 2:13).

Then the merciful, who have done works of mercy, will hear from the Righteous Judge: "Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave Me food. I was thirsty, and you gave Me drink. I was a stranger, and you took Me in. I was naked, and you clothed Me. I was sick, and you visited Me. I was in prison, and you came to Me."

But the unmerciful, the lovers of luxury and revelers, who squandered the good possessions of the Lord not on the needy but on their own whims, will hear as worthless servants and unfaithful stewards: "Depart from Me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave Me no food. I was thirsty, and you gave Me no drink. I was a stranger, and you did not take Me in. I was naked, and you did not clothe Me. I was sick and in prison, and you did not visit Me" (Mt 25:34-43).

Christ does not require our goods, but He Himself gives us everything. I say that Christ does not require them, but Christians, our brethren, require them. And what is given to Christians, Christ in His love for mankind reckons as given to Himself. For He says: "As you did it to one of the least of these My brethren, you did it to Me" (Mt 25:40).

And what is not done to Christians is not done to Christ Himself, according to what is said: "As you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to Me" (Mt 25:45). What is done to the members is done to the head. And what is not done to the members is not done to the head. Good is done to the members, and the head reckons it to Himself. Good is not done to the members, and it is not done to the head Himself.

Think on this, man, you who are stingy in giving alms and generous toward your own whims and luxuries. Blessed Christian, soul that loves Christ, do not look at the sons of this age, who strive in every way to please this world, and not Christ who died for them. Do not cease to do good, "for in due season we shall reap, if we do not lose heart" (Gal 6:9).

Beloved, do not imitate evil, but imitate good. "He who does good is of God; he who does evil has not seen God" (3 Jn 1:11). Imitate the farmer, who sows at the proper time in hope of fruit. Sow your seeds also in the present time, and in the time of harvest you will reap with joy.

"Whatever a man sows, that he will also reap. He who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap eternal life" (Gal 6:7-8). It will be desirable and sweet to hear: "Come, you blessed." Fearful and terrible it will be to hear: "Depart from Me, you cursed." Christians, let these two words always ring in your ears: "Come" and "Depart." Let us have mercy on our brethren, and we ourselves shall receive mercy. Let us give, and it shall be given to us. Amen.

We see that wherever one beast goes, the rest of the cattle follow it, even if harm will come to them from it. Many people act just as senselessly. They proceed according to their senses and not according to reason, and follow one another like cattle, without thinking whether it will be useful or harmful.

We see this lawless and destructive zeal in the world. One man begins to hold frequent banquets, to drink, revel, get drunk, and make others drunk. A second and a third do the same. One begins to dress ostentatiously, and others follow him. One has gathered much wealth, and others concern themselves with the same thing. One shameless woman smears her face with white lead and paints, and others follow her. All act alike and to their ruin.

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One lawless merchant asks a buyer for a price higher than the goods are worth. He swears to it, and invokes the holy and fearful name of God in that lawless deed. Others like him do the same. So in other things poor people imitate one another. They imitate, but to their own harm and their own destruction.

This is a senseless deed. This is a beast-like following. This is a plague by which Christian souls, redeemed by the most holy Blood of Christ, are infected and perish. This is a soul-destroying fire, which begins in one person and burns down other houses of the soul. Alas, what calamity! Alas, what grief!

Evil begins in one person, and everyone acts the same way. It becomes a custom and is so strongly established that it cannot be uprooted, like an old disease.

"People will laugh at me if I do not do as they do." Answer: 1. Impiety always laughs at piety and mocks it. Let some rich man sell his wealthy house and all its contents. Let him disperse all his property, give it to the poor, and love the poverty of Christ. He himself will see what the evil world will do to him. "Look what a fool he is, what he has done! What other people gather, he has squandered." Thus piety seems madness to the sons of this age.

2. Christ our Savior, the Lord and King of glory, was mocked and reviled by those who love the world. Let the world laugh at you and revile you too. Know your own task and do what is pleasing to Him, not to the world. Conform yourself to Him as your Leader, and not to this age.

3. Are we really to do everything the world does? Many murder, commit adultery and fornication, steal, plunder, and so on. Are we to do this too? May it not be. They are going to destruction. Are we to go also? May the Lord preserve us from that.

4. We have not only sensation, but also reason. We can judge what is good and what is evil, what is useful and what is harmful. Therefore, when we see what people do, we must follow reason, not the senses after the example of animals. Those who follow only the senses and not reason are not men, but animals.

5. We are Christians. We have the holy word of God. In it we see what is good and what is evil, what is useful and what is harmful. Thus God forbids what is evil and harmful to us, and commands what is good and useful to us. What are people doing? Let us compare this with Holy Scripture as with a pure mirror, and look into it. Are people acting in agreement with it, or contrary to it? If they act in agreement, it is good, and it is useful for us to do this. If they act contrary to it, let us turn our eyes away from this and listen to what the Sacred Book teaches.

6. Even if the whole world does what is contrary to God and destructive for itself, you must do what is pleasing to God and beneficial for your soul. The whole world will not intercede for you before the judgment of God. There you will not say: "This one and that one did it." You will hear only this from the Judge: "Why did you not do what I commanded you?" One must honor God alone incomparably more than the whole world.

Be in the world as Lot was in Sodom, where everyone acted lawlessly, but he did not imitate them. He did what was pleasing to the holy will of God. You also do the same. Do not imitate what the evil world does. When you see or hear that people act badly, be as one who does not see and as a deaf man who does not hear.

Always turn the eyes of your heart toward eternity, and all worldly affairs will be behind you. You will live in the world as though alone, knowing your Creator and His holy will. "If then you were raised with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sits at the right hand of God. Set your mind on things above, not on things on the earth" (Col 3:1-2).

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryChurch Father

"Do not imitate evil, but good." "Since light has nothing in common with darkness, and there is no agreement between Christ and Belial (2 Cor 6:14-15), one enlightened by the knowledge of Christ must not, by imitating the ungodly, be mingled with darkness, that is, with their foul deeds.

"For just as the one who does good is from God and has perfected the eye of his mind by the light of His knowledge, so that he has wholly become light, sees the true light, God. And becomes a luminary in the world for others, holding the word of life (Phil 2:16), so also one who does evil, walking in darkness, cannot himself see God, that is, do what is pleasing to God. Rather, he is hateful and repulsive to all" (Theophylact).

"He who does," and so forth: see the notes on 1 Jn 3:9-10; 1 Jn 4:1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 20; 1 Jn 2:3.

Nikanor (Kamenski)

19th centuryChurch Father

Taking the occasion, the Apostle, after praising Gaius as a helper in the Church's progress, condemns Diotrephes. Having the possibility and strength to influence others, Diotrephes uses this to the harm of the Church.

Striving for autocracy without any right to it, he resorts to force, removing persons useful to the Church. He even reaches the point of insolent rebellion against the Apostle and against what was written by him in his former writings.

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Having denounced Diotrephes in his absence, the Apostle expresses some hope of shaming his self-will in person also. Meanwhile he concludes that Diotrephes is not only not a true Christian, but is as though he had heard nothing about God. For he commits obvious evil, and does so openly, without being ashamed of his insolent actions.

Didymus the Blind

4th centuryTeacher of the Church

Since light has no communion with darkness, nor Christ any accord with Belial, the one who practices active and contemplative virtues, and has Christ God, the true Light, stands far from darkness and Belial. But since the one who does evil is also an enemy of virtue, by doing evil he acts according to the will of Belial. Being darkness, he does not see God and in no measure possesses the knowledge of Him. Belial means the devil; cf. 2 Cor 6:15.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 20 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. Ἀγαπητέ
    agapēte
    loved
    G27 · ἀγαπητός
  2. μὴ
    mē
    not
    G3361 · μή
  3. μιμοῦ
    mimou
    I imitate
    G3401 · μιμέομαι
  4. τὸ
    to
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  5. κακὸν
    kakon
    bad
    G2556 · κακός
  6. ἀλλὰ
    alla
    but
    G235 · ἀλλά
  7. τὸ
    to
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  8. ἀγαθόν
    agathon
    good
    G18 · ἀγαθός
  9. ὁ
    ho
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  10. ἀγαθοποιῶν
    agathopoiōn
    I do that which is good
    G15 · ἀγαθοποιέω
  11. ἐκ
    ek
    from out
    G1537 · ἐκ
  12. τοῦ
    tou
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  13. Θεοῦ
    theou
    God
    G2316 · θεός
  14. ἐστιν
    estin
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί
  15. ὁ
    ho
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  16. κακοποιῶν
    kakopoiōn
    I do harm
    G2554 · κακοποιέω
  17. οὐχ
    ouch
    no
    G3756 · οὐ
  18. ἑώρακεν
    heōraken
    I see
    G3708 · ὁράω
  19. τὸν
    ton
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  20. Θεόν
    theon
    God
    G2316 · θεός