The Church Fathers on this verse

Amos 2:9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Yet I cast out the Amorrhite before their face: whose height was like the height of cedars, and who was strong as an oak: and I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots beneath.

Douay-Rheims

וְאָ֨נֹכִ֜י הִשְׁמַ֤דְתִּי אֶת־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּגֹ֤בַהּ אֲרָזִים֙ גָּבְה֔וֹ וְחָסֹ֥ן ה֖וּא כָּֽאַלּוֹנִ֑ים וָאַשְׁמִ֤יד פִּרְיוֹ֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וְשָׁרָשָׁ֖יו מִתָּֽחַת׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Observe how he later depicts them with such egregious arrogance and scorn. They, who ought to have offered songs of gratitude and submission in all circumstances, instead dared to wrong Him in a manner that was both unjust and foolish, forgetting the blessings they had received from Him due to their gross ungraciousness. As he states, I turned away the Amorite from their presence; in other words, I annihilated the savage tribes, represented, it seems, by a single Amorite, who appeared both cruel and formidable. I empowered him to conquer one who was exceptionally robust and seemingly invincible, akin to the height of a cedar and as strong as a sturdy oak.

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He claims that it was none other than I who drained his strength and struck him at his very foundation, metaphorically rendering his fruits barren; for when he references trees, he clearly speaks in metaphor. He describes striking it at the root, and consequently, the fruit withered away, for even in nature, a tree perishes in no other fashion than this. There is no doubt that the Amorites, Hivites, Gergesites, Perizzites, and Jebusites were vanquished when the Israelites engaged them, evidently with divine assistance. Therefore, it is a grave matter to scorn Christ, who has granted us authority to tread upon serpents, to defeat adversaries, and to conquer the mightiest: ‘For our warfare is not against blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers over this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places’ (Eph. 6:12), and all these victories we possess through Christ. If we, in our carelessness, offend our Savior and Redeemer, we will surely find ourselves unable to escape the dire consequences and judgment that follow.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

I have removed the Amorrites from their presence; their stature is as great as that of the cedars, and their strength is comparable to that of an oak tree. The Amorrites have perished, leaving no trace behind. A similar analogy is expressed by the revered David: "I saw the wicked in all their pride, standing tall like the cedars of Lebanon; but upon passing by, I found none, and when I looked for them, their place was gone" (Psalm 36:35-36).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

I vanquished before their eyes the Amorites, who stand as tall as cedars and are as formidable as oaks; I wiped out their top branches and their roots. I liberated you from Egypt and guided you through the wilderness for forty years to grant you the inheritance of the Amorites' land. From among your sons, I selected prophets and from your youthful men, I chose Nazarenes. I annihilated before your sight Seon, the king of the Amorites, whose height matched that of the cedars and whose strength equaled that of the oaks, and I withered his fruit above and his roots below.

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After a prolonged journey through the desert, I brought you into the sacred territory, allowing you to take possession of the land of the Amorites, as previously mentioned, which Moses later distributed among the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh. Along with these blessings, I also appointed prophets from your sons, and from your chosen young men, I consecrated the Nazoreans. In speaking of God’s glory, the narrative order may not be consistent; sometimes events that occurred later are described first and vice versa. The Psalms, particularly the seventy-seventh and one hundred and fourth, illustrate this principle, as they recount miracles according to their significance rather than chronology.

For example, in the book of Kings, we first encounter Doeg the Edomite, linked to the title of the fifty-first Psalm, before learning about Absalom’s insurrection against his father mentioned in the third Psalm. Thus, the devastation of the Amorites, although it occurred afterward, is recounted at the outset, while the exit from Egypt and the forty years wandering, which were earlier events, are detailed later, disregarding chronological sequence. Therefore, before our deliverance from Egypt, out of the iron furnace, God demolished the Amorites, whose name signifies ‘bitter’ or ‘one who speaks frequently.’ This king of the Amorites, Seon, represents a barren tree—not because it produces no fruit, but due to the bad fruit it yields, as evidenced by the scripture that states every tree that does not bear good fruit is uprooted and cast into the fire (Matthew 7:19). Similarly, regarding false prophets, it is written that they appear in sheep's clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves; you will recognize them by their bad fruit (Matthew 7:15-16). Thus, a tree is deemed fruitless if it fails to produce good fruit or any fruit at all.

Concerning Seon, it is declared that 'already the axe is laid at the root of the tree' (Luke 3:9); for it is a barren tree, cut down by the Lord, compared in stature to the cedars, of which the psalmist notes that he has seen the wicked exalted like the cedars of Lebanon, only to find they are no longer there when he looks (Psalms 36:35-36). Indeed, before Him who transcends this age, and who can proclaim, ‘I will perceive this mighty vision’ (Ex. 3:3), the cedar fades, leaving no trace of arrogance. He was as strong as the oak, that mightiest and most enduring of trees. In fact, Philo, a most eloquent Jewish philosopher, speculates that Esau took the name ‘druinon,’ meaning ‘oak,’ although Esau may also suggest ‘doing,’ particularly in reference to wickedness. Concerning this strong figure, the Lord states in the Gospel: ‘When the strong man armed guards his own home, his possessions are secure; but when someone stronger attacks and overpowers him, he takes away his armor in which he trusted and divides up the spoils’ (Luke 11:21-22).

The Lord has enabled us to crush and eradicate the fruit of this Amorite Seon—the barren tree—so that those who mistake them for good may not perish. He also eliminated its roots, preventing any resurgence of branches from that weak tree. The Lord Himself has led us out of this age, and during the forty years—which symbolizes trial, fasting, sorrow, and suffering—He brought us into the sacred land, that we might first inherit the territory of the Amorites, transforming what once belonged to them into our own. This preparation paved the way for electing prophets from among your sons—holy men endowed with the spirit of prophecy, as elaborated upon in the correspondence to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 14)—and selecting the Nazoreans and the sanctified from your chosen youth, who offer their souls as a sacrifice to God and abstain from intoxicating wine. This way, we might obtain the hair of Samson, the source of strength and triumph (Judg. 16), as the head of man is Christ.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

They wrapped themselves in fear, crafted coverings, and indulged in unjust wines within the sanctuary of their God. They failed to offer the proper reverence to the temple of God, treating it as a mere shelter for their garments and consuming wine acquired through unrighteous means. They did not consider that I had removed Ammoraiah from their sight; he towered like a cedar with the strength of an oak, yet his leaves had withered above and his roots lay parched below. The scouts dispatched by the mighty Moses declared, "There we saw the giants, the descendants of Anak, and we were like grasshoppers in our own sight" (Num. 13:33-34). Therefore, the Lord of all nations proclaims, "You triumphed over many powerful foes not through your own might.

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Was it not possible for you, who were made fearful by mere hearsay and sought to retreat to Egypt? Instead, I have uprooted Ammoraeus. God addresses the fathers by their roots and the children by their fruit. Yet, the Lord reminds you of the mercies of the past. I liberated you from slavery in Egypt, sustained you in the wilderness for forty years, bestowed prophetic gifts upon some of you, and instituted others as priests. For it is written:

John of Karpathos

5th centuryChurch Father

When you sense that the Amorite is taking root within you like a mighty oak, earnestly seek the Lord in prayer, asking Him to wither its fruit from above, meaning the sins manifested through actions, and to eradicate its roots from below, representative of unclean thoughts. May the Lord remove the Amorites from your sight!

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