Deuteronomy 21:17Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The cherished spouse symbolizes the synagogue, which is initially welcomed into God's house as the beloved. In contrast, the neglected wife represents the Gentiles, whose offspring is the firstborn. Consequently, the children of the Church hold a primary place in the kingdom, receiving an additional share—the teachings of the apostles and prophets. This aligns with the scripture that states the firstborn shall inherit a double portion, even if he is not the son of the beloved spouse, but merely the firstborn.

The reward is promised not to those who are idle and at rest, but to those who remain vigilant and labor diligently. Compensation is warranted for efforts, regardless of their difficulties, as long as they yield meaningful outcomes. This principle is illuminated in the teachings of the law as illustrated in Scripture: If a man possesses two wives, one cherished and the other despised, and they both bear him children, the firstborn son must be acknowledged as the offspring of the despised wife. He cannot give precedence to the child of the favored wife, but must honor the firstborn from the unloved wife and grant him a double share of his inheritance, for he is the first of his sons and rightfully holds the status of firstborn (Deuteronomy 21:15-17).