The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 21:19Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

They shall take him and bring him to the ancients of the city, and to the gate of judgment,

Douay-Rheims

וְתָ֥פְשׂוּ ב֖וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֑וֹ וְהוֹצִ֧יאוּ אֹת֛וֹ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֥י עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶל־שַׁ֥עַר מְקֹמֽוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

It is not merely prescribed that a son who has wronged his parents face death, nor that those tasked with his execution should take him from the tribunal and behead him outside the city limits. Rather, it is the father himself who ought to bring his son into the heart of the city, demonstrating his credibility without any evidence, and this is entirely just. A father who is willing to expend his resources, his very life, and all he possesses for his son can never rightfully be his accuser, unless the offense is of such magnitude that it constitutes a grave insult.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

It is written, "Honour thy father and thy mother... that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee" (Ex. 20:12). Thus, the law establishes life and length of existence as a reward and a gracious privilege for those who choose to show respect, while it decrees death for those who are disrespectful and defiant, instilling fear to guide one along the righteous path. It further commands, "Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death. Whoever speaks evil against his father or his mother shall be put to death" (Ex. 21:15, 17). Notice how the law equally punishes all forms of sin against one's parents, placing their rights alongside those commanded in regard to God.

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Just as the sin of the tongue (slander) is met with death and severe anger from God, so too is the disrespect toward parents. The one who disregards the Divine commandment and provokes the Wrath of the Almighty faces the ultimate consequence, just as one who scorns the counsel of his father or mother is to be stoned, as prescribed by Holy Scripture. In Deuteronomy, it is said: "If any man has a son who is stubborn and rebellious, who does not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and they have chastised him and he does not listen, then let his father and his mother take him to the elders of his city and to the gate of his dwelling, and say to the elders of his city: 'This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious, he will not listen to our words; he is a glutton and a drunkard'; then all the men of his city shall stone him to death; and so shall you put away the evil from among you, and all Israel shall hear and fear" (Deut. 21:18-21). After this, can there be doubt that reverence for one’s parents follows directly from the honour owed to God? Certainly not. The call to honour them is reinforced both by the sage counsel, "Remember that thou art born of them" (Sir. 7:30), and by the humble words of patriarch Jacob, who remarked, "If not... the fear of Isaac my father" (Gen. 31:42). When it is stated that we are born by them, does it not clearly indicate their reflection of the Creator, who brought forth what did not previously exist? Surely, to honour them with appropriate reverence elevates their position close to that of the Lord. Indeed, this understanding is significant. Thus, the writer curses those who disregard their parents, declaring, "The eye that mocks his father, and despises to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out" (Proverbs 30:17).

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

If a son shows disobedience, let his parents speak to him. They shall place their hands upon his head. The law stipulates that the father and mother must work in unison. It is unlikely for both to be equally harsh toward their son, just as it is improbable for the son to harbor the same level of resentment toward both parents.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Why does Moses stipulate that both parents must jointly accuse their son? The unity of the accusers serves as a testament to the validity of the charge. It is common for one parent to make an accusation while the other disagrees, which can lead to confusion. However, when both parents present the same accusation, it becomes clear that the claims are legitimate. Thus, Moses ordained that a son accused by both parents must face death.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.