The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 29:4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And the Lord hath not given you a heart to understand, and eyes to see, and ears that may hear, unto this present day.

Douay-Rheims

וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אֶתְכֶ֛ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לֹֽא־בָל֤וּ שַׂלְמֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַֽעַלְךָ֥ לֹֽא־בָלְתָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל רַגְלֶֽךָ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord has not granted you a heart to perceive, nor eyes to behold, nor ears to hear. The Jews were wicked, resembling Pharaoh but more so, and because of this, they, like him, face condemnation. The phrase "Ye shall not give" is linked to the discussion on clothing and footwear: "Your garments shall not wear out, and your sandals shall not come loose from your feet." Furthermore, it indicates, "And they shall serve other gods that you have not been commanded to." This implies that the Hebrews were not intended to worship these deities and to exalt them, suggesting that these other gods are meant for the pagan nations.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

How should we interpret the phrase, ‘The Lord God hath not given you hearts to understand, nor eyes to see, nor ears to hear, even unto this day’ (Deut. 29:4)? This aligns with the statement, ‘the Lord gave them up to unfit minds’ (Rom. 1:28); ‘gave them up to dishonorable passions’ (Rom. 1:26); ‘and the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart’ (Ex. 10:20)—for the Lord is the source of goodness, not evil. He reveals the right course of action and, while He withdraws from that which opposes it, He does not force the inclinations of human will, allowing it the freedom to choose. Since He permits contrary actions while having the power to prohibit them and does not intervene, the outcomes are neither due to compulsion nor inevitability.

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True virtue lies in its voluntary choice, which is commendable, and Moses referred to this allowance as a cause. This is echoed in the Sacred Gospel: ‘Blind their eyes and harden their hearts’ (John 12:40). Nevertheless, the Lord employed every means for the Israelites' salvation: He performed miracles to heal their afflictions, sustained them in the wilderness, and commanded the forces of nature. Hence, He is not to blame for their lack of faith. Why did the evangelist reference the prophetic declaration? To illustrate that these occurrences were fully known to the Lord, having been foretold long in advance. For it is stated, ‘By hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and by seeing ye shall see, and shall not see’ (Isaiah 6:9). (Deuteronomy 29:4.) And if indeed the Lord has not granted you a heart to perceive, or eyes to see, or ears to hear, even until this day; if He did not provide them with the capability to see, hear, and comprehend, why does He condemn those who unwittingly transgress the law? It seems unnecessary to elaborate further, as it is clear even to the most unlearned that He who imparted this teaching does not remove the capacity to see, but instead leads, enlightens, and directs along the righteous path. This is further affirmed: ‘I will not make this covenant and this oath to you alone, but to those who walk with you this day, before the Lord your God, and to those who are not here with you this day’ (Deuteronomy 29:14-15). If He considers those who are to come, would He harbor jealousy toward those present who have received the law? Why extend laws to those unable to comprehend them? It should be recognized that prophets frequently use language common among the populace, as it is more familiar. Some might deride their servants and disciples by saying, ‘God has blinded your hearts, God has obstructed your hearing.’ The prophet, in a similar manner, employed common expressions to rebuke their ignorance.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.