Exodus 18:20Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Who was Moses? A messenger of God, a giver of the Law, a channel of divine revelation. And who was Jethro? A priest of uncertain faith, not among the chosen people, slightly acquainted with the true knowledge of God through Moses. ‘Now,’ he proclaims, “I have seen that the Lord is greater than all gods” (Ex. 18:11). Can you believe that this Jethro could assist Moses? Yet, Jethro observed the weight of the people's disputes upon Moses, was moved with compassion, and willingly offered his support. He guided Moses to implement a system of order and gradual discernment in judgment. This illustration serves a purpose in the Word of God, as it teaches that on one side, those who consider themselves wise and spiritual should not belittle the humble and imperfect. Conversely, those who recognize their own shortcomings must not allow such thoughts to diminish their zeal to provide spiritual assistance to those around them, in accordance with their gifts and understanding.

Within this assembly of Jethro, Moses’ legislative and administrative roles can be categorized into four distinct areas: first, the ordinances which guided the spiritual life of Israel and defined their relationship with God as well as all aspects of Divine worship; second, the commandments that governed civil and criminal justice; third, the path that Israel should follow, representing the overall direction of the nation's life and its future endeavors; and finally, the deeds they were to perform, which encompass extraordinary actions intended to fulfill the overarching divine plan, such as military campaigns and treaties of peace.