The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 45:16Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

They are all confounded and ashamed: the forgers of errors are gone together into confusion.

Douay-Rheims

בּ֥וֹשׁוּ וְגַֽם־נִכְלְמ֖וּ כֻּלָּ֑ם יַחְדָּו֙ הָלְכ֣וּ בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה חָרָשֵׁ֖י צִירִֽים׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 5 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Aquila states that they will feel shame and even experience blushing embarrassment collectively, approaching their crafts with disgrace. Symmachus expresses it as having been ashamed, while Theodotion refers to them all together. Various interpreters criticize the makers of idols in numerous fashions. This could be referring to the merchants from Egypt and Ethiopia. According to the seventy interpreters, this signifies the restoration of the nations and the united joy at Israel's deliverance. Following this, both the sea and the land are summoned, which is reflected in the term islands. He proclaims, “Renew yourselves, O isles, and come to Me.”

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Beginning with a discussion on Christ, our Savior, it is pertinent to highlight that He will return His people not for a cost nor freely. Following this, He clearly reveals those called to redemption, particularly from among the Gentiles—those for whom Christ shines most brightly—despite His own declaration, "I am not sent, but only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel" (Matt. 15:24). Indeed, the divine and evangelical light first radiated towards the Israelites; for it is stated that the beloved of Israel have grown feeble, diminished, and cast aside (Deuteronomy 32:15) because they crucified the Author of life (Acts 3:15). It is justly for this reason that Christ then became a beacon for the multitude of Gentiles.

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We find this truth present when reflecting on the proposed words. He also mentions the most superstitious among the Gentiles, as a demonstration of the astonishing power of repentance that He calls forth. Just as the adept medical practitioners are most esteemed when they effectively alleviate the suffering of the gravely ill, God reveals His extraordinary glory by guiding those who have wandered far from the truth and have immersed themselves in great iniquity, encouraging them to seek virtue, purge evil, and don what is honorable. Thus, the Egyptians and Ethiopians, particularly those of Thebes, adjacent to the so-called Sabaeans or the Ethiopian and Indian nations—perhaps named after Saba, a once reigning figure—are described as having grown weary.

The term "weary" possesses a dual meaning: it may suggest that they have suffered exhaustion under the oppressive yoke of their cruel master, Satan, who demanded sacrifices of their very own children; or it could reflect on their historical unwavering attachment to ancient wickedness and the seduction of Hellenistic debauchery. However, when Christ manifested and brought forth true light into the hearts of all, a certain enlightenment emerged, leading them to falter from their steadfastness, resulting in a surrender to the power of His proclamation. The statement regarding them is indeed accurate, as the wise Paul articulates, "Where sin is multiplied, grace aboundeth" (Rom. 5:20). The land of Egypt now flourishes with numerous honest and holy congregations—altars erected everywhere, communities of monks, bands of virgins, and robust spiritual practices characterized by joy, zeal for righteousness, diligence, and unwavering commitment. The reverence for Christ extends even to the Sabaeans and Indian nations.

In these regions, particularly among the Egyptians, those who are known and celebrated for their strong influence, will leave behind their earlier deceptions and turn away from their prior path of destruction to serve, becoming executors of your evident ordinances, which symbolizes the divine call to servitude. They shall follow in your ways, tethered by the principles of the Gospel, as they navigate the course of the chosen life, bound with chains of love and deep reverence. This is to be understood as they declare, "Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?" (Rom. 8:35).

These shall worship You and pray to You, for You are God, and besides You there is no other. You alone are God, and we recognize You as the Savior God of Israel. For to Christ the Savior, every knee will bow, and every tongue will confess (Phil. 2:10-11), and to Him, every prayer reaches its fulfillment, as in Christ we make petitions to God the Father, confessing that within Him resides the true God, and there is no other. He instructs our understanding, addressing His disciple Philip, "Have I been with you so long, and yet you have not come to know Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'?" (John 14:9-10). "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30). Therefore, to declare that “In You there is God, and there is no God besides You” carries the same significance as stating that “The Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God” (John 1:1-2).

Should one wish to attribute this understanding solely to the person of Christ, we assert that according to the divine Paul, "in Christ dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily" (Col. 2:9). He is indeed God Himself, in a unity that does not divide into two Sons, but rather the Word exists in its own flesh, in which He dwells. Thus, within this reality, God is comprehended as the soul is within the human body; however, it is crucial to recognize that the Lord's flesh is animated by a rational soul. Therefore, it is acknowledged both that in You there is the true God and that there is no God apart from You. You are God, and we know You as the Savior God of Israel.

This voice emerges from those who repent and have moved from darkness into the light, having attained the knowledge of the truth and recognizing the one true God, the Creator and Lord of all. They call Him the Savior of Israel, affirming that He became incarnate, believing Him to be the same who assisted Israel in ancient times. The name Israel may also refer to anyone capable of perceiving God, for it denotes a mind that sees God. The one who perceives God with the eyes of understanding looks upon the image of God, the Father, namely the Son. Those who resist this truth shall face shame and defeat; those who have rejected Him shall know the overpowering might of His indomitable hand, bringing upon themselves reproach without undermining His glory, which shall be fulfilled in all flesh, as the prophet has declared (Isaiah 66:24).

Renew yourselves unto Me, O islands. Israel will receive salvation from the Lord with an everlasting deliverance; they shall experience no shame nor disgrace for all eternity, declares the Lord Almighty. He reiterates the prophecy regarding the calling and transformation of the Gentiles, not only presenting the Egyptians, the Ethiopians, and the Sabaeans, but also indicating that individuals from all nations will be summoned and that holy congregations shall flourish everywhere. It is as though the omnipotent Word of God calls out to the churches, inviting them to be renewed in Him.

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He honors them with the designation of islands; just as islands stand firm against the waves of the sea, providing refuge for distressed ships and offering safety in their harbors, so too are the churches of Christ situated amidst worldly turmoil and isolation, facing countless trials. Yet in Christ, they remain steadfast and offer solace to those escaping the futile unrest of the world, as they endure the assault of sin and Satan. Thus, the Divine word likens them to islands, and instructs them to be renewed in Him.

The Church symbolizes the assembly of believers in Christ, encompassing both ministers and congregants, pastors and teachers, along with those they guide. All these individuals have experienced renewal in Christ in their respective times, particularly in the moment when our Lord God shone upon us. In that moment, we were transformed, adopting newness in life, customs, worship, and behavior; we have shed the old way of sin to become new creations in Christ, as noted in Galatians 6:15 and 2 Corinthians 5:17, and have been elevated by His commandments to a life of honor and dignity.

Paul, in his letters to the faithful, instructs them to cast away the old self with its passions and desires and to embrace the new self, which is continually being renewed in the image of its Creator (Col. 3:9-10; Eph. 4:22-24). He also reminds them not to conform to the patterns of this world but to be transformed by the renewing of their minds, discerning what is good, pleasing, and perfect in the will of God (Rom. 12:2). Furthermore, he states that our old self has been crucified with Christ, enabling us to don the new self, living according to Christ's example (Rom. 6:6ff.).

Let us be renewed in our ministry approach: those who have adhered to the Jewish ordinances, moving beyond mere shadows and prototypes, will no longer engage in the sacrifices of animals and incense. Instead, they will provide a spiritual and intangible service, akin to the highest form of incense. Those called from among the Gentiles will transition to a superior and incomparable service, liberated from the darkness of their former thoughts and filled with divine truth, becoming authentic worshippers. They will abandon the worship of lifeless and mindless idols, renounce divination and magic, dismantle the follies of pagan absurdities and demonic rituals, and, by forsaking shameful pursuits, will adorn themselves with virtues and attain knowledge of the truth.

Such is this renewal for us; indeed, anyone in Christ is a new creation (2 Cor. 5:17). The God of all declares that those who are according to the flesh, specifically those who are counted among the children of the promise (not all descended from Israel belong to Israel, but the children of the promise are considered as such, Rom. 9:6, 8), will be saved with eternal salvation, forever free from shame and disgrace. In Christ, having cast aside sinful impurities and liberated from the oppressive power of evil, we have shed corruption and are clothed in incorruption, ensuring that we will dwell in this state eternally. Sin will no longer ensnare us, nor will Satan regain influence over us; the power of death, shattered in Christ, will vanish alongside the age to come. To God the Father, and to the Son and the Holy Spirit be glory and sovereignty, forever and ever. Amen.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Humiliated and disgraced, the wrongdoers departed in shame. All were put to shame together, including the scribes and Pharisees. The wrongdoers, who circulated falsehoods throughout the world, claimed that the apostles had taken Him, also left in disgrace (Matthew 28:13). Furthermore, the phrase added by the Seventy, ‘Renew yourselves with Me islands,’ can be understood as the churches composed of Gentiles being revitalized in Christ; they are referred to as islands because they endure the onslaught of persecution and turbulent storms, and, being built upon the solid foundation, remain unshaken by any force of the tempests.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The authentic reverence for God among the nations steeped in paganism will face considerable resistance from fervent worshippers of idols. However, those who resort to persecution against those rejecting idolatry will ultimately be embarrassed in their endeavors. By targeting the faithful, the persecutors are, in fact, opposing God Himself, who will not forsake His worshippers for the sake of His name. Let them turn to Me in renewal. This genuine awe of the Lord, alongside the humiliation of idol worship, is intended to thrive not only in distant lands but also on the islands populated by the Gentiles. The Lord invites them to forsake their ancient superstitions and embrace a new life in communion with Him, signified by baptism.

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