The Church Fathers on this verse

Judges 20:13Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Deliver up the men of Gabaa, that have committed this heinous crime, that they may die, and the evil may be taken away out of Israel. But they would not hearken to the proposition of their brethren the children of Israel:

Douay-Rheims

וְעַתָּ֡ה תְּנוּ֩ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּגִּבְעָה֙ וּנְמִיתֵ֔ם וּנְבַעֲרָ֥ה רָעָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִּנְיָמִ֔ן לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ בְּק֖וֹל אֲחֵיהֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

To grasp the gravity of recent events, I find it meaningful to reference a narrative from the Scriptures. Once, there was a Levite whose wife was subjected to disgrace, being a woman of the tribe of Judah. Witnessing the depth of the shame and appalled by the wickedness that had been perpetrated against her, as recounted in the sacred Book of Judges, he took the shocking step of dismembering her body and sending the parts throughout all of Israel. This was done to awaken the hearts of the tribes, compelling them to recognize that this dishonor wasn't solely his burden but rather a collective shame, urging their empathy to seek retribution. Should they ignore the incident, they would share in the burden as though they had been the instigators of the wrong.

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The messengers conveyed the tragic occurrence, leading all who heard to declare, “Never was anything like this beaten since the day that the children of Israel came out of Egypt” (Judges 19:30). Thus, every tribe was stirred to action, uniting against the wicked, as they all felt wronged. The transgressors faced the consequences of their actions in the form of warfare, becoming accursed among their people. Those assembled focused not on their familial ties but on the injustice inflicted.

I recount this story in hopes that, by contrasting the circumstances of that time with our current plight, you may draw awareness to how our situation eclipses that past transgression, prompting greater outrage than that which the Israelites expressed against the offenders of their day. The severity of the persecution we endure far exceeds the grievances faced by that Levite; what we face in our Church today has never been witnessed on such a scale throughout history. In the past, one woman suffered indignity, and one Levite endured dishonor; now, the entire Church finds itself under siege, the very sanctuary disrespected, and, most tragically, righteousness facing persecution by the forces of evil. In that earlier time, each tribe of Israel was horrified by the fate of a single woman; today, you behold the entire Church being torn apart, with messengers sent out announcing the defilement and injustice sustained.

I implore you to be stirred to action, as if this affront were aimed not only at us but at you as well, assisting one another as if you are personally affected. Let us not allow the principles and faith of the Church to be undermined. Both are under threat unless God swiftly intervenes through you to rectify these wrongs and safeguard the Church. The rules and doctrines we hold dear were not newly forged, but rather have been lovingly and resolutely passed down from our forebears. Our faith did not originate in our time; it has been bequeathed to us from the Lord through His disciples. Therefore, let us not allow the cherished traditions of the Church, which have been upheld since time immemorial, to fade away in these challenging days, nor let what has been entrusted to us be taken from us. Arise, brethren, for you are the stewards of God's mysteries, witnessing them being ravaged by others.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Upon discovering the death of his concubine, the Levite placed her on a donkey and returned to his home, where he proceeded to divide her body into twelve parts according to her limbs, sending each piece throughout the regions of Israel. Deeply troubled, the entire assembly gathered at Massif, where they were informed by the Levite of this heinous act. They unanimously decided to take up arms, agreeing that they could not return to their tents until they had avenged the crime. With courage, they prepared for battle, but, heeding the counsel of those who were wiser, they reconsidered their approach. They resolved not to embroil the inhabitants in conflict but rather to first address their grievances through dialogue, seeking to establish accountability for the offenders.

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It would be unjust for the transgressions of a few to implicate the entire community, as the misdeeds of the young men should not jeopardize the safety of all citizens. Thus, they sent emissaries to demand the surrender of the culpable individuals from Giwa, warning that to defend such wrongdoing would be tantamount to committing it themselves.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.