The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 16 (15):8Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

I set the Lord always in my sight: for he is at my right hand, that I be not moved.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

שִׁוִּ֬יתִי יְהוָ֣ה לְנֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִ֑יד כִּ֥י מִֽ֝ימִינִ֗י בַּל־אֶמּֽוֹט׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

13 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 14 commentaries

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

This text presents a profound condemnation of the insensitivity of the Jewish people. Even the Apostle Peter, as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, referred to this concerning Christ (Acts 2:25). As the Divine, Christ constructs and upholds all creation; and in taking on human form, it is appropriate for Him to express that the Lord is at His right hand so that He will not be shaken. In every aspect, He aligns Himself with humanity, and in the context of building His house, He does not shy away from what is associated with affliction. Observe how our humanity is exalted through Christ. Those of us who faced rejection due to Adam's transgression are now brought before the very presence of the Father, where He serves as our Advocate and our strength.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Keep the Lord ever in your sight, for He delivers those who place their faith in Him.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

On either side? The one who is just and resembles the Savior places God at his right hand and asserts, “For He is at my right hand, that I may not be shaken.” Thus, he positions Him at his right, ensuring that the one he follows remains ever in his view. In contrast, the transgressor relegates the Word of God behind him. Consequently, since the Lord acts as the Redeemer, God consistently stands at the right hand of His faithful through the Lord. The just individual has no left side; in every direction he moves, the angel of the Lord encamps around those who revere Him and rescues them (Ps 33:8).

Rather than utilizing the Latin term ‘foreknew’ or the Greek ‘foresaw,’ the Hebrew expression ‘sebeti’ would be more accurately interpreted as ‘proposed.’ It is written: I have set the Lord before me continually, for He is at my right hand, and I shall not be shaken by any deceit from adversaries. Moreover, it is within our ability to have the Lord ever present in our view. The righteous, akin to the Savior, positions the Lord at his right side, proclaiming, ‘For He is at my right hand, that I be not moved.’ Thus, he places the Lord beside him, ensuring that the one he follows remains ever in his sight. Conversely, the sinner disregards the word of God and turns his back on the Lord, who, in turn, distances Himself from him.

Read more (602 words)

When the enemy observes someone to the left of the sinner, he swiftly moves to take the place of God on the right. This situation fulfills the statement regarding Judas: ‘Let the devil be at his right hand’ (Psalm 108:6). The peculiar positioning of this phrase, seemingly out of the narrative context yet presented in direct speech, warrants further discussion. Therefore, at the right hand of the Lord Savior, and of the Lord’s servant, God is always present. The righteous man, lacking any worldly weapon for protection, finds that wherever he turns, ‘the angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear Him, and rescues them’ (Psalms 33:8).

Are you curious whether a righteous man lacks any protection? When Moses lifted both hands toward the heavens, symbolizing the cross, it is noteworthy that the scripture does not state that Aaron stood to the right and Hur to the left; rather it indicates that Aaron was here and Hur was there (Exodus 17:12). Similarly, in the Book of Judges (Judges 3:15-30), we encounter the Judge Ehud, whose essence is profound and complex. He bore a sword at his side, which he used to defeat a particularly corpulent adversary, thus being referred to in Greek as ‘rim-armed,’ signifying having two right hands, or as we could describe in Latin, ‘with two right hands.’ A potential objection arises: if the righteous man possesses no worldly defense, how can it be stated that wisdom has both right and left hands? A diligent reader will easily perceive the distinction between the right hand and the worldly possessions attributed to wisdom when examining the references regarding what is found in her right and left hands. It is written, ‘Length of days and years of life are in her right hand, but in her left hand are riches and honor’ (Proverbs 3:16). This clearly illustrates that eternity and everlasting life are held in wisdom's right hand, while temporal and fleeting aspects—those that disappear when we think we have them, namely, riches and honor—are found in the left hand, as on the day of judgment some will stand at the right hand and others at the left. The lambs, symbolizing the saints, will be at the right hand, whereas the goats, representing sinners, will be on the left.

Nevertheless, some may wonder how, despite God's position at the right hand of the righteous and the devil standing at the right hand of the sinner, we read in Zechariah that ‘the devil stood at His right hand to oppose Him’ (Zechariah 3:1). Therefore, let the objector also note that, when the devil positioned himself at His right hand, it was observed that the garments of Jesus were defiled. This signifies that the devil was at the side of the One who bore our sins and carried our iniquities, not merely due to His own state, but because of the impurity of His garments. It is further critical to observe that it is not stated that the devil stood there in victory or triumph, but in a state of struggle and conflict, present even before the battle had commenced. The text continues, ‘To oppose Him,’ indicating that the devil engaged because, as stated earlier, the garments of the Lord were tainted with our sins. After hearing, ‘May the Lord who chose Jerusalem rebuke you’ (see Zechariah 3:2), the devil no longer stood at His right hand but moved away to His rear and at His feet. Immediately, Jesus, the High Priest, took a censer and donned pure garments. Together with royal authority—represented by Zerubbabel—He established the Church and built the spiritual Jerusalem.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Numerous aspects of Saint David's existence held profound significance, yet he did not elevate himself by merely acknowledging his humanity. Moreover, when he took his wife from Uriah, he did not feel the need to wash away his wrongdoing with tears of contrition, demonstrating that one must not place confidence in personal righteousness. The adversary is formidable, and without the Lord's grace, we are unable to overcome him. The Lord stands at my right hand, and I shall not be moved, for he understood that he had stumbled when he relied on his own strength.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

It is unnecessary to elaborate on this, as the apostle Peter, who received divine revelations from the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, has already elucidated these matters. While addressing the Jews and bearing witness, he stated: "Brethren, I must speak boldly to you concerning the patriarch David, for he died and was buried, and his tomb remains among us to this day. Being a prophet, he knew that God had sworn an oath to him to raise up Christ from his descendants according to the flesh, foreseeing the proclamation of His resurrection, that His soul would not be left in the grave, nor would His body undergo decay" (Acts 2:29-31).

Read more (117 words)

In another passage, it is written: "For David served his own generation well, and he saw decay; but God raised Him up, and He did not experience decay" (Acts 13:36-37). Such truths must be laid bare before those who would dare misinterpret them, as well as for the Jews, since they serve as a clear rebuke of their folly. Thus, the Lord Christ speaks in His humanity, declaring, "Empowered by divine nature, I embrace the salvific suffering and celebrate the hope of resurrection; for neither shall My soul remain in the grave, nor shall My body suffer the decay that is customary; I will soon rise again and return to life, guiding all humanity in this path."

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

I have perceived the Lord in my spirit before anyone else; it feels as though He is constantly within my view. Since He stands beside me, I will not be shaken. I have witnessed Him, for He is perpetually present in my virtuous actions, finding solace within them. God approaches all who seek to draw near to Him through their righteous acts. At my side, He is there to support me, to ensure that I do not wander from the path of righteousness into darkness, for "the Lord keepeth all them that love Him" (Psalm 144:20).

Hesychius of Jerusalem

5th centuryChurch Father

The unity of power Do you understand that the Son is one with the Father? At times, it is mentioned that the Son is positioned at the right hand. Consequently, the right side is associated with the Father, leading us to affirm that there exists a single authority: that which is attributed to the Father (the Source) and to the Son (the Begotten), even though the Son is presently experiencing the effects of having assumed a human form.

John Cassian

5th centuryChurch Father

To eliminate worldly inclinations from our hearts, we must promptly cultivate spiritual aspirations to take their place. This way, our spirit will remain engaged with higher pursuits, enabling it to reject fleeting pleasures. As our spirit becomes more accustomed through regular practice, it will gradually come to grasp the essence of the verse that, while often sung, is truly understood only by a select few: ‘I have always seen the Lord before me, for He is at my right hand; I will not be shaken’ (Psalm 15:8). Only those who have achieved the purity of body and spirit we reference can genuinely grasp the significance of this verse.

Read more (143 words)

They recognize that the Lord safeguards them at every moment, preventing them from reverting to their past behaviors, and that their righteous actions are continuously overseen by Him. The Lord is ever-present with His faithful, positioned to their right, as the holy individual possesses no wrongdoing. In contrast, He remains unseen by sinners and the impure, who lack this righteous standing and are unable to declare with the psalmist: ‘My eyes are always to the Lord, for He draws my feet out of the net’ (Psalm 24:15). Only those who view worldly matters as harmful or trivial, or at least subordinate to higher virtues, can sincerely direct all their attention, efforts, and care towards nurturing their heart and maintaining purity of chastity. Consequently, a spirit refined through such practices and strengthened by success will ultimately attain complete purity of both soul and body.

Cassiodorus the Senator

6th centuryChurch Father

The Solution for Sin By clarifying His deeds, He provides us with the sole healing solution that allows us to evade sin. Those who consistently focus their thoughts on Him will not succumb to wickedness.

Dimitri of Rostov

17th centuryChurch Father

By His unique grace, which mercifully saves, assists, shields, and sustains, the Lord does not dwell with every individual, but rather with those who, with sincere love and reverence, focus their minds on Him, always perceiving His presence as if He is right in front of them. This aligns with the words of the prophet David: "I have seen the Lord before me, and He is at my right hand, that I should not be moved."

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

It is evident that subjects in the presence of their sovereign, servants before their master, and children in front of their father feel embarrassment when engaging in inappropriate actions. They experience shame and fear. Believers, remember that God is omnipresent, observing our actions and thoughts. He is aware of everything we do, think, and express, and His Word attests to this in numerous passages (See Psalm 32:13-15; Psalm 138:1-16; Sir 23:27-29; Jer 32:17, 19, 27; etc.). The wise Augustine acknowledges in his reflections, "I confess, Lord, that whatever I do, in Your presence I do, and all my actions, You perceive with greater clarity than I. In all that I undertake, You are always there, observing my thoughts, intentions, desires, and actions" (Conversation with Myself, 14, 41).

Read more (726 words)

Just as Augustine discerns the truth about himself, so too must we all come to that understanding. We—those who profess and venerate God, raise our voices in prayer, and seek His mercy—should feel shame over actions that are unbecoming, contrary to His glory, and detrimental to ourselves. This shame should invoke fear, for as Scripture declares, “our God is a consuming fire” (Hebrews 12:29).

Consider this: if one feels embarrassment to misbehave in front of other humans, how much more so should one feel it before God! Though we cannot visually perceive Him, He observes us, scrutinizing our actions, efforts, and thoughts while hearing every word we utter. “He that formed the ear, doth He not hear? And He that created the eye, doth He not see?” (Psalm 93:9, etc.). A king feels insulted by disorderly conduct from his subjects; a master by his servants; a parent by his children. This truth is apparent to all of us. Believer! Reflect and remember that God is similarly offended when humanity, particularly those who profess His name, commit transgressions under His holy gaze. Your unrighteous actions mock His truth, your deceit betrays His integrity, your impurity wounds His holiness, your malice contradicts His goodness, your anger defies His gentleness, and your hatred wounds His love.

What a grave matter it is to provoke the Great, Good, and Compassionate God! Who are we—mere dust and flesh—to insult our Creator, Redeemer, Protector, Nourisher, our ultimate Benefactor, who bestows upon us daily gifts without which we cannot survive? It is indeed serious and even terrifying to provoke Him! Those who offend will face His righteous judgment if they do not turn away from their ways. While God is patient, merciful, and desires repentance from the sinner, His anger towards unrepentant hearts will ultimately be evident.

You feel ashamed and afraid before your earthly king, master, or father—not only regarding acts of immorality but also in speaking trivial words or laughing. Yet before God, the All-Seeing and Awesome Sovereign, there is a discrepancy; you are unashamed in glancing at frivolous words, laughing, and indulging in egregious sins: fornication, adultery, kidnapping, theft, lying, slander, gossip, condemnation, curse, and other disgraceful acts. O believer! If you engage in such behaviors, avert your gaze. Feel ashamed, knowing that you confess the Omnipresent, True, Almighty, Righteous God, who cares for your well-being and rewards everyone according to their actions. It is spiritually blind and impoverished to be ashamed to commit wrongdoings in the sight of fellow humans while remaining indifferent in the presence of the omnipresent and all-knowing God. Oh! If only a person could glimpse even a fraction of God's dreadful glory, they would fall to the ground, confronted with their shame and recognizing how they offend the source of their life and blessings, weeping inconsolably.

It is written of the wicked, ‘they have not set God before them’ (Psalm 53:5), which allows them to engage in lawlessness without shame. Believer! You must carry the awareness of God in your heart, understanding that wherever you go, in everything you undertake, and in every word you speak, He is with you. Always strive to see Him with a perceptive heart, as the psalmist asserts, “I have always set the Lord before me” (Psalm 15:8). So, recognizing His presence, humble yourself before Him, repent and mourn for your past sins, your shameless actions, and careless words, and seek His forgiveness, frequently repeating: “I have sinned, Lord, have mercy on me!” Therefore, let it be your resolve to be ashamed and fearful before Him, to avoid disorder, and to honor His sacred commandments, lest you recognize His chastening hand upon you, and in the shame of the world, feel the burden of your disgrace. “Look, hear me, O Lord my God, and enlighten my eyes, lest I fall asleep in death; lest my enemy say, ‘I have prevailed against him’” (Psalm 12:4-5). “Open my eyes, that I may behold wondrous things from Your law. I am a stranger on earth; do not hide Your commandments from me. My soul longs for Your judgments at all times” (Psalm 118:18-20). “Lord, You have searched me and known me. You know my sitting down and my rising up; You understand my thoughts afar off. You comprehend my path and my lying down, and are acquainted with all my ways” (Psalm 138:1-3).

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

He again proclaims his belief. For it entails nothing less than having our senses fully engaged before us, enabling us to perceive God with our own eyes, ensuring they remain fixed upon Him. The essence of these words reflects how deeply David recognized God’s Providence; amidst all the adversities he faced, he remained unwaveringly confident in the assistance of the Most High. Therefore, in every trial and challenge, he stood firm. Why? Because he continuously kept God in his view, looking to Him with the eyes of faith as the ever-present one, turning to Him in every peril. This is what these words signify: 'At my right hand, I shall not be shaken.'

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

The Son of God perpetually gazes upon God the Father, remaining united with Him through His divine nature, and He draws strength from this divine power for our salvation, anticipating the triumphant resurrection from the dead. Through Christ, we are brought into the presence of God Himself. Thus, we should continually focus our minds on God in all aspects of life—whether awake or asleep, during meals or conversation, in our tasks and daily activities, as encouraged by the prophet's words. King David, despite his royal responsibilities, always kept the Lord at the forefront of his prayers. We ought to approach every action as if it were performed under the Lord’s watchful gaze, ensuring that our thoughts align with His guidance.

Read more (45 words)

Just as we are mindful of our actions in the sight of others, we must even more so recognize that we are always observed by God, who proclaimed: ‘Do I not fill heaven and earth?’ And the Apostle Paul instructs us to “pray without ceasing.”

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.