The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 33 (32):18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Behold the eyes of the Lord are on them that fear him: and on them that hope in his mercy.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

הִנֵּ֤ה עֵ֣ין יְ֭הוָה אֶל־יְרֵאָ֑יו לַֽמְיַחֲלִ֥ים לְחַסְדּֽוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

10 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 12 commentaries

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Love surpasses hope. If you desire salvation, understand that the Lord's chosen love for those who revere Him and trust in His compassion is more profound than their reliance on their own abilities.

Your hope must rest in God, who should be your source of strength and support. He ought to be the focus of your prayers, and your worship should be directed toward Him. Allow Him to be your ultimate aim, the realization of which will bring you peace; seek God as your partner in your endeavors.

Look, the Lord’s gaze is directed towards those who revere Him; for those who pursue salvation, consider that the Lord’s love rests upon those who honor Him. They are the ones who place their trust in His compassion (Psalm 32:18), relying not on their own power but on His grace.

Basil the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord's gaze rests upon those who revere Him. In another instance, it is stated that the Lord's eyes are on the righteous, but here it particularly highlights those who fear Him. When we turn our gaze to the Lord and our focus remains steadfast on Him, we resemble a servant who looks intently to the hand of his master, thereby saying, "Our eyes are directed toward the Lord our God." In this way, we draw the Lord's attention to us. Those who place their trust in His mercy illustrate the humility inherent in serving the Lord and the extent of their reliance on His compassion. A person who does not rely on his own strength or expect to be justified through deeds places his sole hope for salvation in the mercy of God.

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When he contemplates the phrase, "Behold, the Lord and His recompense," considering that everyone will be repaid according to their actions, he reflects on his own misdeeds and begins to fear retribution and to quiver at impending threats. However, to avoid being overwhelmed by sorrow, he instead looks towards God's mercy and kindness, fostering a sense of reliability in his faith. He holds fast to the hope that God will redeem his soul from death and preserve it for all eternity.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The gaze of the Lord rests upon those who hold Him in reverence. This 'gaze' represents the omniscient authority of the Lord, often associated with the Son and the Holy Spirit, suggesting that the Father of lights is present among these two divine Lights.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The prophet asserts that all blessings stem from a life of godliness; this devotion draws divine favor, shields against impending death and destitution, and grants an abundance of gifts. It is likely that during the siege of Hezekiah, the captives within the city suffered from a scarcity of essential resources, and following the defeat of their foes, they were rescued from this dire situation.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

The psalmist expressed these sentiments regarding God and those who place their faith in His compassion, primarily referring to Hezekiah and his companions, who belonged to the group that revered and relied on the Lord.

Arnobius the Younger

5th centuryChurch Father

The gaze of the Lord is not directed towards those who depend on their own righteousness, but towards those who place their trust in His mercy. For the sake of their souls, He has rescued them from death and provided sustenance during times of scarcity.

Salvianus of Marseille

5th centuryCommentator

God's watchful gaze provides protection; this is why it is affirmed that He observes the upright to guard and shield them. The attentive gaze of the Lord serves as a safeguard for human existence.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The prophet concludes his message, through which he has illustrated the blessedness of the people who have the Lord as their God. Although God observes all humanity and understands their inability to thrive without His assistance, He directs His focus particularly on the righteous. He grants them divine support from above, rescues them from the perils of death, and provides the essentials for a flourishing life. Indeed, the Lord's gaze rests upon those who revere Him and place their trust in His compassion. The term "those who fear and trust" refers specifically to the righteous and God's friends.

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Fear without confidence leads to servitude, and confidence without reverence borders on pride; however, the combination of fear and trust embodies authentic love—free love—whereby we regard God as our friend, father, and bridegroom. A heart aflame with this love inherently fears offending the beloved and has faith in never losing that cherished favor. "Deliver their souls from death, and deliver them from death, and I will feed them." Thus, the Lord watches over those who honor and trust in Him with a fatherly compassion, aiming to elevate them in the most profound way: liberating them from the dread of death while providing for their life's needs. The righteous, fearing to displease God, find that He alleviates their anxieties, especially about their existence, which is fundamental to all good things. Their trust in His mercy ensures that He sustains them with continuous grace, especially during times of famine. These two forms of grace pertain to both physical and temporal salvation as well as spiritual and eternal deliverance. When the Lord rescues the souls of those who revere Him, He does so through His unique Providence, safeguarding their lives from various imminent dangers from which they could not escape by their own might. After granting this deliverance, He sustains their lives, providing everything necessary for their survival, particularly in dire times when others may lack. Spiritually, He delivers them from death by preventing them from succumbing to sin—the true death of the soul—or, if they happen to sin, He promptly draws them back to a redemptive repentance, calling them to grace, which invigorates the soul and saves them from eternal demise. Moreover, He nourishes those who dwell in Him through the Holy Spirit residing within, during famine, offering sustenance from heaven, such as manna in this wilderness as we journey toward the promised land, and refreshing them with fresh water that flows from the spiritual rock, providing heavenly solace and strength.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

Psalm This psalm, lacking an inscription in the Hebrew version, has been linked to Psalm 31. It serves as an Old Testament reflection on the Lord's message: do not fear, little flock (Lk.12:32). Its creation likely arose in response to a miraculous triumph attained by the small remnant of God's people over powerful pagan nations. In light of God's extraordinary assistance, the psalmist encourages Israel's faithful (the righteous and upright) to raise triumphant shouts (1Ezdr.3:11) and to sing a fresh and joyful song (vv.1-3). In this victory granted by the Lord, He has magnificently demonstrated His love for truth (v.4, faithful to His promises), His mercy towards Israel, and His righteousness in judging the nations (v.5).

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He is the Almighty God, as attested by the creation of the world (vv.6,7,9). The might of the stars and the heavenly host, akin to waves that He calms, reflects His authority and majesty; the oceans' depths serve as His storehouses. Thus, all the earth should reverently fear Him (v.8), and even the nations should recognize His sovereignty, for He will thwart their malevolent designs against Israel (v.10). He will render the plans of rulers ineffective—these do not include the Jewish people—while His benevolent intentions toward Israel remain eternal (v.11). Should we not consider blessed those whom the Almighty has selected as His treasured possession and guards with His mighty hand (v.12)? The Protector of Israel is not only all-powerful but also all-knowing (vv.13-14). From His prepared dwelling—a place thoughtfully established—He observes each individual separately, understanding their thoughts and actions (v.15). Thus, He can render them harmless to His people, ensuring that no power can prevail against Israel (vv.16-17); the Lord's all-seeing eyes are upon His people (v.18) and divert all threats from them (v.19). Therefore, Israel places its trust in the Lord with calm assurance, confident in His perpetual help, and rejoices in His goodness; may His mercy align with Israel's expectation!

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

They belong to the Lord, guided by His Providence for those who faithfully revere Him, so they do not succumb to the shadows of sin. It is also for the wayward, that they might seek the illumination of repentance, ensuring that none will be denied the promise of everlasting life.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.