The Church Fathers on this verse

Amos 5:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

For thus saith the Lord God: The city, out of which came forth a thousand, there shall be left in it a hundred: and out of which there came a hundred, there shall be left in it ten, in the house of Israel.

Douay-Rheims

כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָעִ֛יר הַיֹּצֵ֥את אֶ֖לֶף תַּשְׁאִ֣יר מֵאָ֑ה וְהַיּוֹצֵ֥את מֵאָ֛ה תַּשְׁאִ֥יר עֲשָׂרָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

For thus declares the Lord, the city that once brought forth a thousand shall have only a hundred remaining; and the city that once produced a hundred shall leave only ten for the house of Israel. These words clearly reveal how it will be destroyed: the cities will be left desolate as a result of war that will annihilate the populace, leading to a situation where scarcely a tenth remains. The transgressors, who offered tithes to unclean spirits, will find themselves reduced to this remnant. God, in His justice, will exact retribution for their iniquities, resulting in a fitting punishment. Hence, it is a serious matter to experience punishment under His wrath. This is why the prophet earnestly entreated the Lord, saying, ‘Chasten us, O Lord, with judgment, but not in anger, lest we become weak.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The nation of Israel has collapsed and will not be restored. The realm of Israel has crumbled, and there is no one to restore it, as kingdoms rely on military strength, which is no longer present. "For ... out of the city from which a thousand emerged, there shall not be a hundred remaining in it."

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

For thus declares the Lord God, in that city from where a thousand men emerged, only a hundred shall be left; and from that city from which a hundred came forth, merely ten shall remain of the house of Israel. The message from God explains why the house of Israel will not be restored after its downfall, and the maiden of Israel, who is lost or brought low, will find no one to lift her up: 'in that city,' it is stated, 'from which a thousand men came forth, a hundred shall remain, and in that from which a hundred emerged, ten shall remain of the house of Israel,' indicating that where there was once a multitude, there will only be a mere fraction left due to extreme desolation.

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However, let us not focus solely on the literal interpretation but also consider the profound significance of numbers. The sacredness of the number seven is evident in the Sabbath, the day when God ceased from all His labors (Gen. 2). It is also commanded that no work should be performed on this day except for that which pertains to the soul, nor should any burdens be carried. Hence, even in the wilderness, one who gathered wood on the Sabbath day for burning was deemed guilty according to God’s definition (Num. 15). Moreover, seven weeks correspond to the number of the holy Pentecost, and the year of Jubilee, which is a time for releasing and sounding trumpets, is established from this number. In addition, during the seventh month, the bushels are gathered, and the Jew who has served as a slave for six years shall gain his freedom in the seventh year. The secular philosophers and physicians were also aware of this. The most articulate and learned among them, Galen, authored three volumes entitled "On Crises and Critical Days," where he highlights the significance of the number seven, stating that the fiercest fevers subside on the seventh day, and if excessive harmful moisture and phlegm remain unabsorbed by the fever during the first seven days, one should wait until the fourteenth day, the last day of the second week. If it is still ailing, as Hippocrates noted, one should observe the twenty-first day, marking the conclusion of the third week. From the very beginning of creation and the establishment of the days, the seventh day has served as a time for rest from toil and burdens. Consequently, the exile of the people of Israel and the destruction of the temple concluded in the seventieth year of their desolation, and the seven wandering stars are referred to by the number of days. The hidden significance of this number is extensively discussed by Tullius Cicero in "Scipio's Dream," and it is also addressed in Plato's enigmatic work "Timaeus," which remains obscure even when interpreted by Cicero’s eloquent words. Just as the sevenfold number carries a deep meaning, the sacred and perfect number embodies unity and reflects the majesty of the one God. Thus, the Son proclaims, 'I am in the Father and the Father in Me' (John 14:10), and desires that all become one with the Father, saying, 'Father, as You and I are one, let them also be one in Us' (John 17). Therefore, the initial level of blessedness lies in belonging to the first number, which is the one true; the second level is in the second number, that is, in the tens; and the third in the third number, represented by the hundreds. Just as the tenth is completed by the tenth unit, so the hundred is formed from ten tens. The fourth number, that is, the thousand, consists of ten hundreds. Consequently, someone who has genuinely repented and has reached the thousandth or fourth number seldom returns to the hundredth or third number; and one who belonged to the hundredth number finds it difficult to revert to the second number or the first ten. This explains why the house of Israel cannot rise after its fall, and the virgin of Israel, having fallen into transgression, sees no one on earth to lift her up. For one who has deviated from unity and lost the glory of pure virginity (of which the apostle expresses, 'I am jealous for you with the jealousy of God,' and 'I have betrothed you to one husband, that I might present you as a pure virgin to Christ, without spot or blemish' (2 Cor. 11:2; Eph. 5:27)), finds it nearly impossible to regain their former state and joy of unity; it is quite challenging for them to return from a thousand to a hundred and from a hundred to a ten. I mention this succinctly to clarify that I have not entirely overlooked the allegorical interpretation of this passage due to the complexity inherent in the numbers.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Even though the time has passed, leaving behind Bethel and Galgalah, along with the worship of idols at the tabernacle of the covenant, seek out My sustenance, for in this you will discover life for your souls; and both Bethel and Galgalah, along with the idols, will fall into the hands of your adversaries. It is clearly foolishness to neglect recalling Abraham’s faithfulness in this sacred place, while also daring to engage in unrighteousness among such holy ground.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.